Modern World
Essays

Oedipus Rex, by Sophocles and his Antigone, in its the modern version, translated and adapted by Seamus Heaney in 2004 share the theme of devotion to one's country and are set apart by the means two king of Thebes,…

For hundreds of years, maritime expansion represented the only way to reach distant shores, to attack enemies across channels of water, to explore uncharted territories, to make trade with regional neighbors and to connect the comprised empires. Leading directly into the 20th century, this was the chief mode of making war, maintaining occupations, colonizing lands and conducting the transport of goods acquired by trade or force. Peter Padfield theorized that ultimately, British maritime power was decisive in creating breathing space for liberal democracy in the world, as opposed to the autocratic states of continental Europe like Spain, France, Prussia and Russia. The Hapsburgs, the Bourbons, Hitler and Stalin all failed to find a strategy that would defeat the maritime empires, which controlled the world's trade routes and raw materials. Successful maritime powers like Britain and, in the 20th Century, the United States, required coastlines with deep harbors and security from aggressive neighbors that Germany, France and Russia lacked. This allowed them to concentrate on trade and commerce, and to develop powerful mercantile classes that won a share of power in government. Britain and Holland were the "first supreme maritime powers of the modern age", succeeded by the United States after the world wars of 1914-18 and 1939-45, and the fact that democratic institutions developed first in relatively open societies like these was not coincidental. Of course, the United States was a very weak maritime power in the 18th Century and its navy hardly existed, yet the Battle of Chesapeake Bay in 1781 was the key event that enabled it to win its independence. It depended on French and Spanish sea power to divert the British Navy to other theaters of the war, such as India, the Caribbean, Gibraltar or the defense of the home islands and in the end this strategy was successful enough so that at a crucial moment of the war, Britain temporarily lost its maritime supremacy in North American waters.

Buddhism in "Rashomon" & "I Heart Huckabees"

The question of whether or not Islam is compatible with democracy depends more on a definition of Islam than on a clarification of democracy. Democracy is more than just the external political and social institutions…

Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu has been accused of having a very disjointed style. In actuality, fans of Inarritu feel it is simply a gritty realism. This caused partly by the structure of the screen play, but also because…

Philippe Starck is one of the most famous designers in the world, this is in part related to his prolific and untiring work. Starck was born in 1949 in Paris. Starck though biographically elusive has given his father…

An Analysis of the Postmodern Short Story

There has been a recent drive to preserve so-called dead languages. A dead language "is a language which is no longer learned as a native language," which means that it is a language that has usually become static and…

One of the marvels of the modern world is the fact that we can anticipate health problems and take steps to mitigate or even prevent them altogether. Scientific and nutrition research has identified the optimal diet and…

Enlightenment represents a stage in Western philosophy and culture which spanned the eighteenth century, and advocated Reason as the primary source of authority. As a movement, the beginning of the Enlightenment can be…