431+ documents containing “molecular”.
RESULTS
The first noticeable result was at first disappointing but turned around later in the trail. At first the rsaL mutation did not have any effect on the production of 30C12-HSL nor on lasl transcription, but it began to appear later in the logarithmic phase of propagation at which time the 30C12-HSL production along with Plasl activity reached homoeostasis in the wild strain while continuing to increase rsaL in the mutant strain of the pathogen. However the sturdy found that:
The increase in rsaL level coincides with the point at which the production of 30C12-HSL diverges in the parent and mutant strains. This is consistent with the conclusion that Rsal induction by 30C12-HSL results in sufficient Rsal to keep 30C12-HSL production at a steady level, balancing the positive feedback action on lasl expression (Rampioni, et. al. 1558)
From this the authors concluded that Rsal is the key molecule that effects the homeostasis of….
Molecular Basis Glanzmann Thrombasthenia
An investigation of the molecular basis of Glanzmann Thrombasthenia using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
The objective of this project is to investigate the molecular basis of Glanzmann Thrombasthenia (GT) using polymerase chain reaction. There have been many mutations discovered in GT patients over the years in many studies. Thus using PCR to genotype patients is one of the most effective ways of discerning the genetic basis of the disease. The purpose of these sets of experiments is to determine if a mutation on the ITG?3 promoter, which occurs in a certain percentage of Glanzmann Thrombasthenia (GT) patients, can be reversed through site directed mutagenesis and if normal platelet functioning can resume. Normal platelet functioning will be assessed through detecting promoter region binding to the myc transcription factor through chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, also known as ChIP assays. e anticipate that the myc transcription factor will have enhanced binding upon….
Expression Profiling of a Novel Protein
A new transcription unit was discovered while working with transfected murine BAC clones, because a novel spot appeared on a 2-dimensional protein gel. Through a process of expression subcloning from the BAC clone, the transcription unit that generated the novel peptide was located. This finding was back validated by sequencing the protein contained in the 2-D gel piece using N-terminal Edman degradation and mass spectroscopy (osenfeld, Capdevielle, Guillemot, and Ferrara, 1992; Hellman, Wernstedt, Gonez, and Heldin, 1995).
This transcription unit happens to be encoded within a multi-gene locus that is coordinately regulated in a tissue-specific and developmental manner. Since the laboratory is already heavily invested in characterizing the gene regulatory mechanisms that control this locus, and the downstream roles of the gene products, understanding the expression pattern of this novel gene may be important to ongoing research efforts.
Determination of mNA patterns of expression
In addition to gearing….
Nanomachines
The Science of molecular size machines and its engineering designs and constructions until late 1980s were not considered practicable. Nanotechnology, according to the leading exponents of that time were neither feasible nor viable, due to the fact of total structural difference of the constituent of nano-molecular device i.e. Atoms from the mechanical objects of every day life. The essential components of engineering mechanics i.e. cogwheels, gears or motors could not be imagined to have formed by means of atoms, that are characterized by fuzzy and unsubstantial contents having no definite location position. Edwin Schrdinger, a leading quantum theoretician, regarded the particles as not permanent entity but an instantaneous event and derived the conclusion that atoms could no longer be regarded as "identifiable individuals." Werner Heisenberg, with extreme pessimism described atoms as "a world of potentialities or possibilities" rather than "of things and facts." (Is the future nano?)
Such ideologies succeeded making….
The failure of human hamster fusion in the presence of anti-human izumo antibody clearly showed that Human izumo protein is essential for fertilization.
This study however has raised some new questions. The difference in fertilization capacities between wild type and Izumo +/- type was not clearly discussed. Also, the fact that ICSI of izumo -/- produces twice as many litters as did the izumo +/- type implicates the possible role of other proteins, the expression of which is affected by the allele. That is to say that the mutant knockout sperm might have up-regulated or down regulated the expression of this unknown protein which may have aided the fertilization process as indicated by the statistics. [Katie Winter] contraceptive vaccine targeting the sperm is very much in prospect but much work is yet to be accomplished. A CD46 gene knockout as tried by the author in an earlier study did not….
Plasmids
"Construction of the mobilizable plasmid pMV158GFP"
"Construction of the mobilizable plasmid pMV158GFP" is an article that describes the construction of a new, mobilizable plasmid, based on the pMV158 plasmid; but containing the gene which codes for green fluorescent protein (gfp) and is controlled by a maltose inducible promoter (Pm). The new pMV158GFP plasmid allows for bacteria which contain it to glow green under UV light, indicating whether or not the plasmid has been incorporated into, or mobilized, the Gram-positive bacteria. This new plasmid will allow for a better understanding of the processes and development of infectious bacteria in their natural environment.
Plasmids are circular, self-replicating pieces of DNA which are used to insert other pieces of DNA into cells and can be extremely useful in biological research. Nieto and Espinosa use one particular plasmid, pMV158, to create a new one which is designed for their specific needs. They intend to study the….
Intrinsically Photosensitive etinal Ganglion Cell
ecent studies on biological anatomy of the eye discovered an additional photoreceptor within the mammalian eye. The cells discovered mediate the primary non-image visual activities with the vision system. The functioning of these cells aids in various significant processes including the regulation of the papillary reflex activity in response to light, as well as, the circadian photo entrainment. These cells, called the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells respond to more than the absolute light. The ipGCs have a unique feature of activity, as they differ from the usual photoreceptor cells of cones and rods. The rods and cones mediate on the vision of images by signaling the contrasts in light after adaptation. Interestingly, the ipGCs also do adapt to light contrast. The cells show sensitivity to flash of light, as is the case with other photoreceptors. The factor of action of the intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cells….
altenative appoach to Computeized Tomogaphy in foensic pathology.
Thomsen, A.H., Juik, A.G., Uhenholt, A.G., Vesteby, A. (2009).
Jounal: Foensic Science Intenational.
Publication Infomation: 2008, 183, 87-90.
Publishe Infomation:
The main pupose of this aticle is to see whethe o not CT scans ae necessay as a means of augmenting autopsies. The eseach question is: do the benefits of CT scans match the effot equied to implement this technology? Thee is no hypothesis fo this aticle; the authos wee cetainly non-patisan in thei appoach and assumptions. The sample was 20 dead bodies (including 15 males) with CT scans pefomed by the Depatment of Radiology at Aahus Univesity Hospital. I eviewed this aticle to ascetain the elevance of CT scans to foensic pathology.
Abstact: This aticle denotes the boons and the detiments associated with using CT scans as compaed to, and augmenting the usage of conventional autopsies fo foensic pathology. Oiginal eseach is conducted on 20 dead….
detection of the Borna disease virus relating them to the epidemiology.
The first cases of Borna disease were descried in the 17-19th century in Southern Germany. It was discovered to e a fatal disease affecting the neurological systems of horses and sheep, (Ludwig et al., 1985; Durrwald, 1993) causing ehavioral and neurological symptoms. It was proven to e caused y a 2003]
Today it is eing realized that the scope of the disease is not limited to just a few countries as was previously elieved ut encompassed the world. Also it was realized that far from affecting just horses and sheep as was originally thought virus, the Borna Disease Virus (BDV) in the early 1900's y Zwick and his team in Giessen Germany. [Author not availale, it in fact affected other animals and even human eings.[Staeheli, Sauder; Schwemmle, et al., 2000]
Research into the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the BDV is impeded….
Genomes and Comparative Genomics
Over the last decade we have achieved rapid strides in the field of genetic engineering. The study of molecular biology has been fairly advanced mainly aided by the unprecedented growth in information technology. Today bio-informatics has opened new vitas for us and we are already progressing in investigating and in the comparative study of genomes. This has shed new light up on our knowledge of the evolutionary process and the important concepts such as protein folding and selective expression, which have so far eluded our understanding, are beginning to unfold. Let us have a brief overlook of the subject.
The Role of DNA
One of the greatest achievements of the twentieth century has been the unraveling of the mysteries behind the DNA and the mechanism of protein synthesis. Genes are the fundamental units of biological inheritance and are made up of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Genes are responsible for the….
As students interact with the website and take assessments, the teacher is notified of the student's progress. Once the student submits his assessment, Molecular Workbench (2010) reports, "SAM activities end by generating a report that includes answers to multiple choice questions, annotated snapshots, and the text of open responses. These reports are emailed to the teacher. Students have a chance to edit reports before they are submitted." Use of this website could produce the next generation of scientists.
Technology used directly in the classroom to allow students and teachers to interact with each other includes the Audience Response System. According to Turningtechnologies.com (2010) the function of the system is declared, "TurningPoint audience response system integrates 100% into Microsoft® PowerPoint® and allows audiences and students to participate in presentations or lectures by submitting responses to interactive questions using a ResponseCard ™ keypad or other hand-held/computer devices." Made up of three basic….
This information is utilized to create new products and substances that are used on a regular basis. For example, chemists could use the COSY process to understand how to create a new kind of raincoat that will be even more water resistant. To determine this, the protons inside the molecules of the raincoat would have to be examined through the COSY process. This will identify the peaks inside the protons and what specific attributes are similar to other compounds. Once this happens, is when scientists can use this as a way to create specific attributes that they are looking for (i.e. A raincoat that is more waterproof). This is significant, because it is showing how the contribution of the COSY methodology allows chemists to create new compounds with specific attributes. ("Thomaston," 2006)
HETCO is useful in understanding the genetic composition of a substance and the compounds that are used to….
Alopecia areata is a systemic hair loss disorder, which affects roughly around 4.7 million people in the United States alone. [NAAF]. It is characterized as an autoimmune disease that leads to either localized or complete hair loss. The disease is independent of race, gender or age specifications, and hence affected people represent a diverse group. The effects of the disease may either be permanent or reversible depending on the nature and extent of damage to the hair follicles. It is believed that both genetic as well as environmental factors have an influence in the onset of the condition. However, the pathology of the disease is yet to be ascertained concretely. Though there is no physical distress accompanying the disease the psychological devastation suffered by the affected person is debilitating. Let us have a brief overview of the different types of alopecia before we discuss in detail the possible pathophysiology and….
Collision Model: Explanation and Application
The Collision Model is the theory that chemical reactions are the result of collisions between molecules. These molecular collisions must be strong enough to break bonds in the reacting substances. Breaking the bonds result in a rearrangement of the original configuration of atoms and a new product or products is formed ("Collision Model," Answer Corporation, 2006). Not every collision between molecules will create new products. In fact, the vast majority of collisions do not because they are not strong enough to break the existing bonds, which are often quite strong between molecules. For the collision to be successful, the molecules have to be oriented in such a way that the activation energy is sufficient to generate a reaction in the substance in question. Temperature, the presence of catalysts, the concentration of the substance, and other factors affect activation energy. Also, the molecules within molecular bonds are….
Transcription is a process that genetic information on the DNA copies into NA and the DNA acts as the template for the new molecules of NA. Transcription process begins with the DNA double helix unwinding as the hydrogen bonds holding the opposing bases breaks and the DNA strands are uncoupled. The process occurs within the cytoplasm of a prokaryote and in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Transcription process consists of three steps; initiation, elongation, termination, and are regulated by transcription factors that include protein products of the genes. The protein products regulate at postranscriptional levels every time.
Initiation of transcription begins with enzyme NA polymerase that identifies and attaches to DNA at the promoter and transcription of the DNA template starts. An initiation complex forms by association of 50 proteins different from each other required by NA polymerase II. NA polymerase synthesizes polynucleotides of NA from the template of DNA.….
Medicine
RESULTS The first noticeable result was at first disappointing but turned around later in the trail. At first the rsaL mutation did not have any effect on the production of…
Read Full Paper ❯Genetics
Molecular Basis Glanzmann Thrombasthenia An investigation of the molecular basis of Glanzmann Thrombasthenia using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) The objective of this project is to investigate the molecular basis of Glanzmann…
Read Full Paper ❯Genetics
Expression Profiling of a Novel Protein A new transcription unit was discovered while working with transfected murine BAC clones, because a novel spot appeared on a 2-dimensional protein gel. Through…
Read Full Paper ❯Engineering
Nanomachines The Science of molecular size machines and its engineering designs and constructions until late 1980s were not considered practicable. Nanotechnology, according to the leading exponents of that time were…
Read Full Paper ❯Genetics
The failure of human hamster fusion in the presence of anti-human izumo antibody clearly showed that Human izumo protein is essential for fertilization. This study however has raised some…
Read Full Paper ❯Genetics
Plasmids "Construction of the mobilizable plasmid pMV158GFP" "Construction of the mobilizable plasmid pMV158GFP" is an article that describes the construction of a new, mobilizable plasmid, based on the pMV158 plasmid; but…
Read Full Paper ❯Anatomy
Intrinsically Photosensitive etinal Ganglion Cell ecent studies on biological anatomy of the eye discovered an additional photoreceptor within the mammalian eye. The cells discovered mediate the primary non-image visual activities…
Read Full Paper ❯Disease
altenative appoach to Computeized Tomogaphy in foensic pathology. Thomsen, A.H., Juik, A.G., Uhenholt, A.G., Vesteby, A. (2009). Jounal: Foensic Science Intenational. Publication Infomation: 2008, 183, 87-90. Publishe Infomation: The main pupose of this…
Read Full Paper ❯Disease
detection of the Borna disease virus relating them to the epidemiology. The first cases of Borna disease were descried in the 17-19th century in Southern Germany. It was discovered…
Read Full Paper ❯Genetics
Genomes and Comparative Genomics Over the last decade we have achieved rapid strides in the field of genetic engineering. The study of molecular biology has been fairly advanced mainly aided…
Read Full Paper ❯Teaching
As students interact with the website and take assessments, the teacher is notified of the student's progress. Once the student submits his assessment, Molecular Workbench (2010) reports, "SAM…
Read Full Paper ❯Chemistry
This information is utilized to create new products and substances that are used on a regular basis. For example, chemists could use the COSY process to understand how…
Read Full Paper ❯Disease
Alopecia areata is a systemic hair loss disorder, which affects roughly around 4.7 million people in the United States alone. [NAAF]. It is characterized as an autoimmune disease that…
Read Full Paper ❯Chemistry
Collision Model: Explanation and Application The Collision Model is the theory that chemical reactions are the result of collisions between molecules. These molecular collisions must be strong enough to break…
Read Full Paper ❯Genetics
Transcription is a process that genetic information on the DNA copies into NA and the DNA acts as the template for the new molecules of NA. Transcription process…
Read Full Paper ❯