Muscular System Essays (Examples)

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Disuse atrophy of the muscles is caused by prolonged inactivity, which often occurs after sustaining an injury. Hypertrophy of the muscles is achieved through regular diet and exercise. 1(p127) Two types of training, strength and endurance, greatly increase muscle condition. Strength training increases muscle condition through the use of resistance. While conditioning through resistance will increase the number of myofilaments in muscle fiber and increases muscle size, it will not increase the number of muscle fibers.1(p128) Resistance training has been shown to positively affect heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output, though not to the same extent as has been found through the extended practice and implementation of endurance training. 2 Long-term resistance training has also been found to reduce the resting heart rate, increase stroke volume at rest and exercise, maintain cardiac output at rest, decrease resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure while at rest, improve resting lipid….

Muscular System
Function of action potentials?

The function of action potentials is to rapidly communicate information within a neuron, coupling the neurons "input," either synaptic, sensory or intrinsic stimulation with its output, neurotransmitter secretion.

Cell electrical properties are the result of?

Cells use atoms that have become charged as a result of gaining, or losing, valency shell electrons. Cells are wet circuits that operate in a salty, conductive, medium.

How is the outside surface of the plasma membrane different from the inside surface?

The outer and inner surface of the plasma membrane of quite different. They form two separate water interacting surfaces, and proteins coat the outer surface. Although proteins extend through the membrane, they are only exposed on the outer surface. By means of selective permeability, the outer surface has a higher positive charge than its inner surface

Know the terms depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, hypopolarization.

Depolarization: This occurs when the inside of the plasma membrane becomes less….

Muscular System
The normal anatomy and physiology of a muscle determines its capability of formulating a contraction. The contraction of a muscle is dependent on the ability of a neuron to become excited through a process that includes a concentrated flow of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and calcium (Ca+) through the neuron and eventually into the muscle cell (Tortora & Derrickson, 2011). A neuron begins its resting membrane potential at -70mv. In order for an action potential to occur, which is the event that will precede the muscle contraction, the membrane must first depolarize and become more positive, reaching -55mv. Once -55mv is reached, the membrane is said to be at the threshold potential, the voltage by which most Na+ channels in the cell membrane would open. After the first Na+ channel opens, the cell becomes even more depolarized and Na+ ions move into the cell (Martini, Nath, & Bartholomew,….

Skeletal and Muscular Systems:
The human body is made of several parts and systems that perform various functions to sustain an individual's life. The skeletal and muscular systems are examples of important systems in the body with various functions. The skeletal system can be described as the body framework on which the human body is built (Turley, 2011). This system is made of 206 bones in addition to ligaments and cartilage in order to provide structural support for the body. This system is also known as the skeletomuscular or musculoskeletal system since it works with the muscular system to sustain body posture, generate movement, and protect the major organs of the body. The various bones that form the skeletal system are divided into various categories including axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton.

In contrast, the muscular system provides movements to the bony framework of the body and is made of nearly 700 skeletal….

Muscular SystemFunctions of Muscle TissueThe muscular system comprises skeletal muscle tissue, tendons, blood vessels, and nerves. The skeletal muscles are core to the body's movement since they pull on bones causing movement at the joints. Movements made by different body parts include chewing, running, running, and manipulating objects. Contraction and relaxation of muscle tissues and muscle metabolism generate heat that is critical for maintaining temperature homeostasis (Mukund & Subramaniam, 2019). The muscle system consists of the nervous system that conveys signals to and from the muscles facilitating communication. The circulation of blood in the body relies on the involuntary movement of the blood vessels and the heart muscles to supply blood to all organs in the body. Muscles also generate a constant contractile force that helps individuals maintain an upright or seated posture.Microscopic and Macroscopic Structure of MuscleThe microscopic structure of muscles includes skeletal muscles attached to bones and consists….

e. hypertrophy). In the elderly, this process is reverse. Hence, the functional reserve capacities of the skeletal muscles decline with age, largely due to diminished levels of physical activity. As a result daily tasks once taken for granted become progressively more difficult, and eventually impossible, to perform. In illustration, a great deal of muscle force is required to simply stand up or to climb stairs. Therefore, skeletal system is relying upon the reserve capacity of the heart to provide the endurance needed to perform such activities. If an elderly person does not engage in some sort of endurance-based activities, he or she will not have the cardiac reserve capacity needed for daily tasks. More importantly, diminished capacity may not counteract illnesses or diseases. Although strength-based activities help the cardiac reserve, it may not benefit the skeletal system. "While resistance exercise promotes fiber hypertrophy in skeletal muscles, the explosive power of….

Main Systems of Human Body
PAGES 12 WORDS 3828

The circulatory or cardiovascular system is responsible for moving nutrients, wastes and gases between body cells, transporting blood across the whole body and battling disease (Circulatory System). Its principal elements are the heart, numerous blood vessels, and blood.
The heart forms the circulatory system's core. This 2-sided, 4-chambered pump which distributes blood to various arteries comprises of the right and left ventricles, and right and left atria. The ventricles, situated within the heart's lower half, are responsible for pumping blood to the whole body (away from our heart), whilst the atria, situated within the heart's upper half are in charge of receiving blood from different parts of the human body. The right and left ventricles pump de-oxygenated and oxygenated blood, respectively; de-oxygenated blood is pumped to lungs while oxygenated blood is pumped to the remainder of the human body (smith, 2013). These 4 chambers are connected to one another by means….

Calcium is needed in blood clotting, stability and permeability of the membrane, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, cellular secretion, enzyme activity, and cell growth. Magnesium is needed for the metabolism of potassium and calcium and for the mobilization of calcium from bones. Phosphorus plays and important role in the development and maturation of the bone. Its chief role in bone resorption, mineralization and collagen synthesis makes it essential in calcium homeostasis (Michael's).
Diseases and disorders of the skeletal system include leukemia, bursitis, osteoporosis, sprains, fractures, spina bifida, scurvy, arthritis, scoliosis, talipes equinovarus or clubfoot, tendonitis, kyphosis and poliomyelitis (Family Shock 2001). Leukemia is also called cancer of the blood where abnormally large numbers of white blood cells multiply at an uncontrolled manner so that they interfere with the body's production of red blood cells. The cause is still unknown. ursitis is a painful condition, which most commonly affects the hips and….

S. Congress that the prospects of stem cell research were so vast that it could touch all the realm of medicine (Connor 2000). An unlimited source of embryonic stem cells will solve the problem of shortage of transplants. Embryonic stem cells will save lives by curing generative diseases of the brain, hepatitis, diabetes, leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis, muscular dystrophy and cystic fibrosis and diseases of the heart and kidneys. ut current laws restrict the use of stems cells on embryos less than 14 days old and for correcting fertility, reproduction or congenital disorders. The restriction is grounded in the belief that the embryo is a potential human being from the moment of conception. It thus possesses a soul and a dignity just like any other viable person (Connor). Previous scientific research presented evidence that genetically engineering cells could partly repair a defective immune system (Travis 2002). Two new studies bolstered this….

esearchers believe that incorporating evidence-based prevention methods can decrease the incidence of ACL ruptures, but an understanding of the etiology and mechanisms of sports injury are a necessary to do this (Posthumus, 2009).
The highest prevalence of extrinsic ACL injuries tends to occur in organized sports especially adolescents participating in pivoting type sports such as football, basketball, and team handball (Bahr & Krosshaug, 2005). In addition to any intrinsic factors and adolescent may have, or predisposing factors, environmental factors surrounding organized sports can also play a role in injury. For example, weather conditions (slippery surface), type of surface sport is played on (grass vs. pavement), proper footwear, and protective bracing (Posthumus, 2009).

A growing concern regarding these injuries and the populations that incur them is that these injuries increase the risk of osteoarthritis (Bahr & Krosshaug, 2005). In fact, after ten years, around half of all people that have suffered from….

Burned
There are specialized cells called receptors that receive information about the environment and changes in that environment. Each kind of receptor reacts to a different kind of stimulus. For example, the receptors on the retina in the eye detect light. Receptors are all connected to nerve cells, and the nerve cells carry information from the receptor to the brain, where the signal is processed. The brain makes the decision about what to do with the information, such as move a part of the body to cause a reaction based on the information the receptors sent. However, in the case of an emergency situation, this normal interpretation process takes too long even though it is extremely fast, and instead another emergency plan is followed by the nervous system. When burned the body will experience a reflex reaction.

The skin has receptors that detect both pressure and temperature. In the case of….

Edwards Syndrome, Trisomy 18 8 sources ( 4-5 Print Sources 3-4 online Sources) All questions answered essay ( mandatory): -What ? (Discription genetic disorder) -What genes chromosomes linked disorder? -Describe populations affected Edwards Syndrome (Include gender, age & number affected USA wordwide.
Edwards syndrome which is also known as Trisomy 18 is a genetic disorder that is caused by the presence of a third copy of chromosome 18 instead of the normal two copies. The extra 18th chromosome comes as a result of nondisjunction of the chromosomal material during meiosis. As a result of failure in the segregation of a chromosome to the daughter cells, there can be errors in the meiotic division leading to an extra chromosome. This extra chromosome usually occurs before conception and it is the second most common autosomal trisomy that carries to term after Down syndrome though it is more common in females than males….

The authors were trying to develop a system of estimating and indexing muscle fatigue rates during static muscle contraction. The results of this study indicated that estimations were reasonably successful with some limitations that were noted. One limitation was that the study neglected muscle recovery since the experiment was performed in a lab under controlled conditions and the muscles were able to fully recover. However, in the real world muscles move in a dynamic environment thus making muscle recovery rates a challenge in producing an accurate estimate of fatigue.
Another study looked at the efficacy of treatments in patients who suffer from Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). The study conducted research using 111 patients who suffer from CTS. They compared the standard conservative treatment (SCT) with other forms of treatment available that also propose to alleviate symptoms associated CTS. They found that SCT, which includes local steroid injections, was effective as….

d.).
The primary organ that is accountable for regulating metabolism is the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is situated on the brain stem and forms the floor and part of the lateral walls of the third ventricle of the cerebrum. The main functions of the hypothalamus is to control and integrate activities of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), production and regulation of feelings of rage and aggression, regulation of body temperature and regulation of food intake (Graham, 2005).

BM goes down with age and with the loss of lean body mass. Increased muscle mass and cardiovascular exercise can help to increase BM, even when the body is at rest. Measured in calories, metabolic rates vary with exertion, recent food ingestion, muscle exertion, environmental temperature, emotional state, body temperature, pregnancy, menstruation, level of thyroid hormones stress hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine), fear and illness. The human body requires energy in order to stay alive and basal….

Market Driven Management
PAGES 75 WORDS 25695

Pharmaceutical industries have to operate in an environment that is highly competitive and subject to a wide variety of internal and external constraints. In recent times, there has been an increasing trend to reduce the cost of operation while competing with other companies that manufacture products that treat similar afflictions and ailments. The complexities in drug research and development and regulations have created an industry that is subject to intense pressure to perform. The amount of capital investment investments required to get a drug from conception, through clinical trials and into the market is enormous. The already high-strung pharmaceutical industry is increasingly investing greater amounts of resources in search of the next "blockbuster" drug that can help them gain market position and profits. Laws, regulations and patents are important to the industry while spending billions of dollars in ensuring the copyright of their products.
It is the intention of this thesis….

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4 Pages
Essay

Anatomy

Muscular System and Exercise the

Words: 1132
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Essay

Disuse atrophy of the muscles is caused by prolonged inactivity, which often occurs after sustaining an injury. Hypertrophy of the muscles is achieved through regular diet and exercise.…

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7 Pages
Term Paper

Anatomy

Muscular System Function of Action Potentials The

Words: 2821
Length: 7 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Muscular System Function of action potentials? The function of action potentials is to rapidly communicate information within a neuron, coupling the neurons "input," either synaptic, sensory or intrinsic stimulation with its…

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3 Pages
Essay

Anatomy

Muscular System the Normal Anatomy and Physiology

Words: 1027
Length: 3 Pages
Type: Essay

Muscular System The normal anatomy and physiology of a muscle determines its capability of formulating a contraction. The contraction of a muscle is dependent on the ability of a…

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2 Pages
Essay

Anatomy

Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Words: 684
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Essay

Skeletal and Muscular Systems: The human body is made of several parts and systems that perform various functions to sustain an individual's life. The skeletal and muscular systems are examples…

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1 Pages
Essay

Health

The Functions and Structure of the Muscular System

Words: 399
Length: 1 Pages
Type: Essay

Muscular SystemFunctions of Muscle TissueThe muscular system comprises skeletal muscle tissue, tendons, blood vessels, and nerves. The skeletal muscles are core to the body's movement since they pull on…

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4 Pages
Essay

Anatomy

Tissue Maturation Body System Effects

Words: 1400
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Essay

e. hypertrophy). In the elderly, this process is reverse. Hence, the functional reserve capacities of the skeletal muscles decline with age, largely due to diminished levels of physical activity.…

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12 Pages
Essay

Health

Main Systems of Human Body

Words: 3828
Length: 12 Pages
Type: Essay

The circulatory or cardiovascular system is responsible for moving nutrients, wastes and gases between body cells, transporting blood across the whole body and battling disease (Circulatory System). Its principal…

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4 Pages
Term Paper

Anatomy

Skeletal System Purpose and Functions

Words: 1351
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Calcium is needed in blood clotting, stability and permeability of the membrane, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, cellular secretion, enzyme activity, and cell growth. Magnesium is needed for the…

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8 Pages
Term Paper

Anatomy

Adrenal Gland Keeping the Body

Words: 2250
Length: 8 Pages
Type: Term Paper

S. Congress that the prospects of stem cell research were so vast that it could touch all the realm of medicine (Connor 2000). An unlimited source of embryonic stem…

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7 Pages
Research Paper

Disease

Anterior Cruciate Ligament or ACL

Words: 2193
Length: 7 Pages
Type: Research Paper

esearchers believe that incorporating evidence-based prevention methods can decrease the incidence of ACL ruptures, but an understanding of the etiology and mechanisms of sports injury are a necessary…

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2 Pages
Term Paper

Anatomy

What Happens When I Get Burned

Words: 649
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Burned There are specialized cells called receptors that receive information about the environment and changes in that environment. Each kind of receptor reacts to a different kind of stimulus.…

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4 Pages
Essay

Genetics

Edwards Syndrome Trisomy 18 8 Sources

Words: 1372
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Essay

Edwards Syndrome, Trisomy 18 8 sources ( 4-5 Print Sources 3-4 online Sources) All questions answered essay ( mandatory): -What ? (Discription genetic disorder) -What genes chromosomes linked…

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3 Pages
Term Paper

Anatomy

Electromyography Biopac Exercise Discussion This

Words: 1205
Length: 3 Pages
Type: Term Paper

The authors were trying to develop a system of estimating and indexing muscle fatigue rates during static muscle contraction. The results of this study indicated that estimations were…

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6 Pages
Research Paper

Biology

Biology Function of the Metabolic

Words: 2030
Length: 6 Pages
Type: Research Paper

d.). The primary organ that is accountable for regulating metabolism is the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is situated on the brain stem and forms the floor and part of the lateral…

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75 Pages
Term Paper

Business

Market Driven Management

Words: 25695
Length: 75 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Pharmaceutical industries have to operate in an environment that is highly competitive and subject to a wide variety of internal and external constraints. In recent times, there has been…

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