This is particularly the case in elderly patients who suffer form various debilitating diseases and conditions, where it has been found that music therapy produces positive outcomes.
eferences

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The shaman's use of animal language, or pre-literate languages, and other ritualistic methods of communication, like music and drumming, have parallels in the 'different space' created by the therapist in his or her office. In therapy, different forms of communication, the formulaic 'text' of conventional analysis, the release of drumming, or rhythmic pounding, and music play therapy for small children may be used to help the patient touch base with his or her emotions. But while the shaman channels the stories of others, as a tribal storyteller who uses different forms of communication for a collective, therapists help patients tell stories about their daily live struggles on an individual basis.

For example, sometimes patient's life stories are ineffectual, like 'I am a failure' or 'my mother never loved me.' (Hart, p.203) Although the therapist provides a kind of objective voice, and directs the person's speech, even the environment of the therapeutic….

According to this conception, the musical meaning of our Beethoven melody would lie in its expressing the feeling of joy, with power far exceeding that of Schiller's poem and of all words. The key to understanding the process that makes the tones of this melody a melody at all, a piece of music, we found not in the relation of the tones to any particular feeling but in the relation of the tone e to the tone d (Zuckerkandl, 1956).
Music and the "life" behind it is so interpretational. The more that I read the writings of Zuckerkandl I realize the significance of something as small as a tone. To truly understand how one piece of music can be interpreted in numerous ways by different people. One piece of music or even a small melody can invoke a conglomerate of emotions, from one person to another. There are pieces of….

This contrast in conjunction with the singer's frequent maniacal laughter summons an astonishingly clear image of a woman trapped within herself. Her laughter is crazed with fear and she repeats the words over and over again, unable to move beyond that singular point in time. Once again, a very complex idea is expressed that as quite transparent to analysis.
The final excerpt, entitled "Oh My Child" seems to be about the singer's mother. The beginning of the song steps up and down in adjacent eleventh chords, the dissonance symbolizing her confusion and doubt regarding her mother. Approximately thirty seconds into the song, the singer becomes very emotional, and over the next minute is often either in tears or close thereto. At two minutes, the singers seems to reach a broken catharsis, purging herself of old resentments. The piano remains extremely unobtrusive throughout this time, indicative of the arduous process of….

However, this was when the musical elements that were so deeply rooted into my belief system, into my very soul started to appear and I began to clearly recognize that it was possible to pursue the existence of something even stronger and deeper in the world of art, more specifically in the world created by sounds.
Possessing both a keen ability to observe and a very strong aptitude to recall images from memory, I identified the two forces to support my belief that there was something more that would drive me toward the pursuit of self-satisfaction and career enhancement. As the ability of my piano students grew, I noticed that what was happening was much more than simply learning how to interpret a musical piece by Bach or a sonata by Handel. It was the expansion of their emotional and psychological expression as a whole. Something was blossoming; it was….

Music in the therapeutic context is, as Ansdell puts it, "neither pure feeling nor pure form," (128). Rather, music opens the door for a dialogue and communication between client and therapist that might otherwise never occur.
As with any form of creative expression, music ultimately depends on an audience. Otherwise, music cannot be used in a therapeutic setting because the medium is instrumental in helping the client "to get beyond this bubble of self," (126). Yet while the creator, or in the psychotherapeutic setting, the client, is undoubtedly using the medium of music for self-expression, the therapist should take care not to over-speculate about the "product." Music can be a symbolic "language of feeling," as Langer explains, but that language of feeling could take years to decipher (221). If the therapist infers that a drone piece created by the client denotes sadness then the therapist infers too much and does….

Music is sound, which enters the outer ear and passes through the middle ear into the inner ear and the brain by means of electrical energy. In the brain, it can generate motor responses, draw emotions, release hormones and trigger higher-order processes. The brain develops its response as it perceives the sound. If a loud sound creates fright, calm music can soothe.
Records on music therapy date as far back as Aristotle and Plato. Egyptian and iblical documents also bear out that music was used to lighten illness and sorrow. American and European researchers in 1800 discovered the connection between music and the states of the body and the mind. They measured the connection in terms of cardiac output, rate of breathing, pulse and blood pressure. Numerous studies on the effect of music on health have been conducted since the 80s. Dr. Susan Hallam of the Department of Psychology and….

Melanie's frequency of inappropriate behavior was not consistent; she experienced unpredictable increases and decreases in hair pulling, screaming, scratching, and tantrum behavior.
The study occurred in a self-contained classroom for children and youth with autism, which was housed within the special education department of a large state medical center. The classroom included four students, one certified classroom teacher, and three paraprofessionals. Students received one-on-one instruction; group instruction; speech-language, music, art, and adaptive physical education; and occupational therapy

An ABAB design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of rhythmic entrainment as a calming technique. The first and third phases of the study were baseline conditions during which Melanie interacted in her structured classroom environment as was typical for her schedule. This included walking into the classroom, hang'rag up her backpack, reviewing her daily schedule, eating breakfast, checking her schedule, going to the rest-room, rechecking her schedule, and participating in calendar time. During….

Once this occurs, is when everyone will be more focused, because this is opening their minds to new ideas. Over the course of time, this will lead to an increase in the total amounts of learning comprehension. This is when there will be a transformation inside the classroom.
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Music Therapy in Health and Education. London: Oxford University Press, 1993.

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Hall, John. "The effect of background music on the reading comprehension of 278 eighth and ninth grade students." Journal of Educational Research, 45 (1952) 451 -- 458.

Michael Kiger. "Effects of music information load on a reading comprehension task."

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Pellitteri, John. "Music therapy in the special education setting." Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 30, no 4 (2000) 379-391.

Turban Format. http://www.uvu.edu/owl/infor/pdf/style_guides/Turabian.pdf

"Music Research," OOHOI, Internet, available from….

music therapy reduce the level of sundowning agitation of the elderly dementia in-Patients in comparison to standard care only or to no music therapy?
Sundowning is a phenomenon that occurs within elderly people showing middle stages of dementia. Many treatments have been studied and offered to help reduce the level of sundowning agitation in these elderly patients. Some have used standard care only while other facilities se music therapy. Music therapy has been researched for quite some time and has resulted in some level of reduction in regards to sundowning agitation. However, it is important to compare the results to standard care in order to see which is more effective, or if a combination of both is the best treatment option.

In order to understand efficacy of treatments, especially in relation to elderly dementia in-patients, it's important to understand what sundowning is. Astonishingly, it is a question with a complex answer.….

Music Therapy and Aging Summary
Grief, pain, and distress can become unbearable for the bereaved although death is an experience that every individual goes through. Many therapeutic interventions have been developed to help the bereaved cope with death including music therapy interventions. These interventions have shown positive impacts on the cognitive and emotional well-being of the bereaved and older adults with terminal conditions or under hospice care. However, the impact of these interventions on the aging process remains unknown and understudied. The proposed study will look at the effect of music therapy interventions on aging, especially on the frailties brought by old age. The scope of the proposed research is to look at the link between music therapy interventions and the quality of life of elderly people without any chronic or terminal conditions.
This study is expected to provide insights on how to cope or deal with frailties of old age that could….

Cultural and Linguistic Diversity Population in Music Therapy
We are influenced by music as intensely as everything we feel. Music by now is a true therapy for numerous people; regardless they perform it or hear it. It attains its highest implication when it assumes an element of religiosity. Almost every important sacred custom has music that exemplifies the religiousness and yearning of the individuals. It has been described that music is the science or art of the formation of sounds, which are understandable by the human brain as being pleasant and entertaining. There have been several researches that have studied the influence of music on the anxiety of clients. A research observed the influence of music use in several clinical field, comprising anesthesiology, surgery, orthopedics, dentistry, and obstetrics. Patients were given to choose the music they liked and listened to it prior to undergoing operation. Till the patients fell asleeep,….

Pain & Therapy
The purpose of this research is to investigate whether music therapy intervention can reduce the effects of pain in subjects who have chronic pain from minor injuries. This research builds on past investigations of the potential role of music in pain therapy. There are often significant side effects to the use of pharmacological treatments for chronic pain, so it is important to evaluate properly any potential alternatives to such treatments. The null hypothesis for this study is that music therapy can reduce the pain experienced by patients. The alternative hypothesis is that music therapy is unproven as a means of pain reduction in patients suffering from chronic pain.

The literature shows that music therapy might be able to relieve pain from those who suffer from chronic pain, but there is not yet a substantial body of evidence to support this conclusion. The study will seek to add to the….

Music Therapy on Psych Patients
Effects of Music Therapy on Psychiatric Patients

Music therapy can be defined as such: "the controlled use of the influence of music on the human being to aid in physiological, psychological, and emotional integration of the individual during the treatment of an illness or disease" (Choi, Lee, & Lim 2008). Within music therapy there is an active and a passive form. In active music therapy, the patient is involved in playing an instrument or using the voice as an instrument. In passive music therapy the patient is at rest, envisioning peaceful images while listening to music (2008). The usual course of treatment for psychiatric patients consists of medication and psychotherapy, but in patients with severe mental illness, these types of treatment oftentimes have very limited effects. Psychotherapy requires that patients not only be intellectually able to benefit from it but also they must be motivated to….

Music therapy involves incorporating music into therapist-patient relationship development for promoting the latter's physiological, psychological, emotional and social health. One can consider music therapy to be a part of creative arts treatment, clinical treatment, or supplementary treatment relative to the conventional medical model. It encompasses numerous techniques such as playing a musical instrument, singing a song, listening to music and improvisation (McCaffrey 42). Autism spectrum disorder represents a lasting developmental disability which evolves at different levels of severity. The condition has been marked by the following three key characteristics: challenges when it comes to forging social bonds; intense limited fanatic interests; and issues when communicating verbally and non-verbally (National Autistic Society 1)
The Benefits of Music Therapy for Children with Autism

Autistic kids depict greater sensitivity to anxiety as compared to non-autistic ones, since they cannot effectively filter out any triggering stimulus. Steady rhythmic music or classical songs are considered ideal to….