As a result, to not totally lose out to Vietnam and China, other countries are competing by extending their operations 24/7 without further adjustments to the current government-mandated wages of their workers. Competition remains, as Vietnam and China can deliver like the other countries, but with significantly lower wages. Looking at the bottom line, only the workers suffer and are greatly exploited as a result of this competition among Asian countries, as investors pursue the country with the cheapest source of labor.
The individual's (worker's) market-class situation

It is inevitable, then, that with the widening and increased immobility of social space and maximized labor time inherent in neoliberalist economies, that the individual is given no choice but to assume an individualist stance and fiercely compete in order to survive the new socio-economic environment s/he lives in. ourdieu (1998) criticized neoliberalism because of these inherent forms of exploitation, resulting to the alienation…...

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Bibliography

Bourdieu, P. (1998). "Utopia of endless exploitation: the essence of neoliberalism." Le monde diplomatique web site. Available at:  http://mondediplo.com/1998/12/08bourdieu .

Harman, C. (2007). "Theorising neoliberalism." International Socialism Journal, Issue 117.

Martinez, E. And a. Garcia. (2000). "What is "neo-liberalism"? A brief definition." Global Exchange web site. Available at:  http://www.globalexchange.org/campaigns/econ101/neoliberalDefined.html .

Schmitt, J. And B. Zipperer. (2006). "Is the U.S. A good model for reducing social exclusion in Europe?" Center for Economic and Policy Research.

"Trade union organizers, economic justice advocates, leftists and anyone else who objected to the reforms began to disappear." By the end of his regime, Pinochet may have been responsible for the deaths "of at least 3,000 people and the disappearance of many thousands more." (Bidstrup, 2005) the unionization movements, such a critical part of other Latin American nations, had effectively been rooted out.
One might state that need not condone the horrors of the Pinochet regime, to grant that some economic successes did result from his policy, and that the reforms may have been necessary. In concrete policy terms, this change enabled an opening of Chile's economies to the world through free trade. Tariffs were reduced and there was an elimination of state-sponsored subsidies of inefficient businesses, combined with an opening of capital markets, relaxation of restrictive labor laws, a reduction in public employees, privatization of state-owned enterprises and changes…...

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Works Cited

Bansal, Dee. (2005) "Efficient or Egregious Economics? A Theoretical Approach to Understanding Neoliberal Economic Reform in Argentina and Chile.  http://www.acad.carleton.edu/curricular/POSC/faculty/montero/Dee%20Bansal.pdf 

Bidstrup, Scott. (2005) Free Market Fundamentalism: Friedman, Pinochet and the "Chilean Miracle." Economics. Retrieved on 17 Apr 2005 at  http://www.bidstrup.com/economics.htm 

O'Neil, Shannon. "The Role of Ideas in Neoliberal Economic Reform." Latin American Studies Conference: Papers. Retrieved 17 Apr 2005 http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~soneil/papers/sn_LASA2001confpaper.pdf

Neoliberalism and Globalization
Globalization may be an overused word, although the new version of international capitalism is still so recent that the actual system on the ground has outrun the scientific and theoretical vocabulary that describes it. As a system, international capitalism is rapidly eliminating geographical and political boundaries, as Marx predicted in the 19th Century. In the global, postmodern economy, branding also involves relentless synergy and tie-ins between various diverse lines of products. Films and cartoons market their images to toy companies, fast-food restaurants and cereal manufacturers, generating billions of dollars of revenue annually, as does the commerce in seeds, genetic materials and even human body parts. Western science and technology have been synonymous with modernization and development in India and other Asian nations, even though this paradigm ignores the historical and cultural that has existed in many civilizations over the centuries. Marx also maintained that capitalism would become a…...

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REFERENCES

Appelrouth, S. And L.D. Edles (2011). Sociological Theory in the Contemporary Era: Text and Readings, 2nd Edition. SAGE Publications.

Klein, N. 1999, 2009. No Logo. Vintage Canada.

Ohmae, K. (2005). The Next Global Stage: Challenges and Opportunities in our Borderless World. Pearson-Prentice Hall.

Scheper-Hughes, N., 2005. The Last Commodity: Post-Human Ethics and the Global Traffic in 'Fresh' Organs" in A. Ong and S.J. Collier, eds. Global Assemblages: Technology, Politics and Ethics as Anthropological Problems. London: Blackwell Publishers, pp. 145-67.

These Latin American countries are now, more than ever, part of the world economy, which has made other nations more interested in bolstering democracy in the region -- they now have investments to protect. The United States, for example, exert significant pressure on these Latin American democracies. The U.S. has stepped in to prevent military coups, and if it can't prevent the overthrow of democracy, it immediately punishes the new regime with economic sanctions. Before neoliberalism, few international countries had any sort of leverage over Latin American rulers and their insular economies. One salient example happened in Peru in 1992 when President Fujimori tried to dismiss the congress of Peru and install himself as a dictator. Fujimori had instituted neoliberal reforms and felt the need to concentrate power, but the United States warned him that going through with his autocratic plan meant severe consequences. The International Monetary Fund (IMF)…...

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References

Keen, Benjamin. A History of Latin America (2003). Wadsworth Publishing: Lexington, KY

Weyland, Kurt. Neoliberalism and Democracy in Latin America: A Mixed Record. Latin American Politics and Society, Vol. 46, No. 1 (Spring 2004), pp. 135-157. Distributed by Blackwell publishing on behalf of the Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Miami. Retrieved from the web www.jstor.org/stable/3177084 on April 29, 2001.

Thus, crises of capitalism have so far avoided provoking the alternative solution of a transition out of capitalism" (olffe 2009). elfare state capitalism is merely one incarnation of capitalism, and neo-liberalism is not such a striking reformation of the capitalist system: it is merely one part of the cycle of managing capitalism without really changing the nature of neoliberal, state-protected capitalism.
hile the U.S. government's approach to the crisis may be 'more of the same' of the past twenty years, if not longer, one contrarian view suggests that from a grass-roots level there has been a fundamental shift in terms of the way Americans view prosperity and consumerism, which may have a more fundamental and long-standing effect on the way that corporations function. By reducing spending, Americans have slowed the astounding rate of growth and commercialism of the past twenty years, and by disdaining consumption for the sake of consumption…...

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Works Cited

Carreon, Juan. "World-economy: Not the end of neo-liberalism yet." Taken from Inter-Press

Service News Agency. April 3, 2009. May 29, 2009.

 http://blogs.fruxant.com/index.php/juan.php/2009/03/04/world_economy_not_the_end_of_neoliberali 

Martinez, Elizabeth Arnoldo Garcia. "What is Neo-Liberalism? A brief definition."

It is about freer movement of goods, resources and enterprises in a bid to always find cheaper resources, to maximize profits and efficiency" (Shah, 2007). Therefore, this means development for both the areas that sell these resources, as well as for the actors which buy them and use them in the manufacturing business. It is argued however, that the ones who benefit from raw materials at a lower price tend to exploit the sources of these materials. Indeed, there are more benefits for those countries or companies that buy from poorer regions of the world. However, they do help them develop. Moreover, the trend in the globalised world is to precisely move parts of the manufacturing businesses in areas that are in need of jobs. Thus, a certain benefic impact would exist on the host society. There are numerous examples that suggest this outcome, such as IBM and Microsoft…...

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References

Burke, Edmund. "On Empire, liberty, and reform." Speeches and Letters. Ed. By David Bromwich. Yale University Press.

Shah, Anup. "A Primer on Neoliberalism." Free trade and globalization. 2007. 16 Feb 2008.  http://www.globalissues.org/TradeRelated/FreeTrade/Neoliberalism.asp

Neoliberal Economic Models
The Future of Neoliberalism

Financialization is a term that describes an economic system or process that attempts to reduce all value that is exchanged (whether tangible, intangible, future or present promises, etc.) either into a financial instrument or a derivative of a financial instrument. The original intent of financialization is to be able to reduce any work-product or service to an exchangeable financial instrument, like currency, and thus make it easier for people to trade these financial instruments.

(Griffiths & Hickson, 2009, pp. 17-9).

This thesis argues that a neoliberal model, which offers a basic blueprint to financial health and stability, is far more likely to bring about good economic results in the entire range of economic conditions across the world. Neoliberalism -- with some emendations such as a moderate amount of government regulation -- will ensure that financial and market conditions are allowed to perform in an efficient and untethered…...

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References

Crouch, C. (2011). The Strange Non-death of Neo-liberalism. Washingto DC: Polity Press, 2011

Ferris, T. (2010). The Science of Liberty. New York: HarperCollins

Griffiths, S. & Hickson, K. (Eds.) (2009). British Party Politics and Ideology after New Labour. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Plant, R. (2009). The Neo-liberal State. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Kingstone's Neoliberalism In Latin America
Kingstone would argue that neoliberalism has not lived up to the expectations for spurring development in Latin America. ight from the outset, Kingstone acknowledges that the issue is complex, and that there are a number of contributing factors to this failure. The book attempts to delve into why neoliberalism has failed. Kingstone notes that in particular, solutions attempted during the past few decades have not paid enough attention to the role of the state in the development of the economy. The role of the state is critical, and the unique nature of Latin American states means that even if neoliberal strategies work well in other parts of the world, they may not work in Latin America. Neoliberalism, thus, needs to be adapted for the conditions of Latin America, rather than imposed upon the region with any consideration for its uniquenesses.

A supporter of neoliberalism would not argue…...

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References

Kingstone, G. (2010). The Political Economy of Latin America: Reflections on Neoliberalism and Development. Taylor & Francis.

Neo-realists see that states continue struggling for survival as they form international institutions. On the other hand, Neo-liberalists view of international relations as something that shapes and influences the foreign policies of states, therefore further strengthening interconnections between them.
Another point is concerned with the power of the military. The point-of-view of Neo-realists on the coercive power of the military is that it is the most important factor in order for the state to survive. But Neo-liberalists claim that military power is not the sole tool for state survival, other foreign political tools can be more fundamental for the common interests of the states.

Globalization is one change in the society where difference between Neo-realism and Neo-liberalism can be observed. For Neo-realists, states play the most important role in the I theory. It is primarily dominated by relations between states, thus globalization does not really exist. Neo-realists are more concerned with…...

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References

Mearsheimer, John J. (2001). The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. New York, NY: Norton.

Waltz, Kenneth Neal (1979). Theory of International Politics. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. http://natsecorma.net/terje/archives/53

  /  http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9055278/Neorealism http://fsinternationalrelations.wordpress.com/2007/09/25/924-neo-realism-vs.-neo-liberalism 

 http://web.inter.nl.net/users/Paul.Treanor/neoliberalism.html

Such a market should ideally be free from barriers and restrictions especially in regard to government regulation. Neo-liberalism in the words of Boulle (2009) "postulates the legitimacy of market economics, liberalized trade, privatization, deregulation and a limited state system." Therefore, as an economic approach, neo-liberalism seeks to facilitate economic development by encouraging the creation of a laissez-faire environment. It advocates for the opening up of markets to trade by amongst other things encouraging the privatization of state-run businesses. In my opinion, neo-liberalism would facilitate the creation of an economic climate that is more competitive thus allowing for the emergence of superior business practices. With little or no government interference and/or involvement, competition would force business entities to enhance the quality of the various goods they produce while at the same time reviewing the prices of such goods downwards. All this would be to the benefit of consumers. It has…...

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References

Boulle, L. (2009). The Law of Globalization: An Introduction. Fredrick, MD: Aspen Publishers, Inc.

Carroll, a.B. & Buchholtz, a.K. (2011). Business and Society: Ethics, Sustainability, and Stakeholder Management (8th ed.). Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.

Rowley, C.K. & Schneider, F. (Eds.). (2003). The Encyclopedia of Public Choice. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

This is when politics will become a part of the practices that are utilized in achieving a variety of goals. (Dunne, 2012, pp. 116 -- 120)
As a result, neo-liberalism is agreeing with neo-realism through various practices and institutions that are developed on the international level. In many cases, their contrasting functions are to enforce and support different standards that have been agreed to. However, they will also support specific policies and ideas that are embraced by the largest nation states. They will then impose these ideas on others to ensure that they are in compliance with the different guidelines. (Dunne, 2012, pp. 116 -- 120)

Explain the nature and significance of its areas of disagreement.

Inside the international structure, are major differences between the tactics utilized by the various non-governmental entities and their overall role in addressing critical challenges (i.e. The UN and the IMF). Under this philosophy, these institutions have…...

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References

Dunne, T. (2007). International Relations Theories. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

In Social Problems, Coleman & Kerbo (2009) discuss ways globalization and neoliberalism have impacted global inequalities and disparities. Global inequalities are not caused by singular policies but are tremendously complex, requiring nuanced perspectives and points of view. Economists, sociologists, and scholars frequently debate whether neoliberalism and global capitalism are causing or exacerbating global inequalities, or whether the ideologies and practices of the free market may be used to promote global equality instead. Martin Hart-Landsberg (2006) and Norberg (2004) weigh in on the debate. In “Neoliberalism: Myths and Reality,” Hart-Landsberg (2006) claims that globalization and the neoliberal policies that support unbridled capitalism worldwide are harmful to the working classes—the majority of people worldwide. Essentially, Hart-Landsberg (2006) claims neoliberalism and globalization increase global inequalities. Norberg (2004), on the other hand, claims that globalization is leading to less inequality. In “Three Cheers for Global Capitalism,” Norberg (2004) claims free enterprise and deregulation lead…...

Neoliberalism
Neoliberal ideology has contributed to the rise in development and reduction of poverty in much of the world since World War II. The main bodies responsible for neoliberalism, such as the United Nations and later the World Trade Organization have encouraged trade, economic openness and democracy. Where these things have not been accepted -- where neoliberalism has been rejected, living standards tend to be lower, and where neoliberalism has been embraced wholeheartedly the living standards are as high as have been enjoyed by any humans in history.

De Soto describes some of the development that has occurred in Peru, which is a moderately neoliberal state. He argues that individual effort can come before collective effort, a hallmark of neoliberalism and that this has resulted higher living standards for many of the country's citizens. De Soto also notes that these changes have also been at the social level. The people of Peru…...

Democratic Education
Question No.

What are the principles of democratic education? How are these principles and values in tension/contradiction with our social construction of children and youth? For example, what assumptions do we make about teaching, learning and youth that democratic schools challenge? How does "one size fits all" centralized curriculum contribute to what Apple called the "de-skilling of teachers"? What is lost when this approach is adapted, especially when it is combined with the "intensification" of teaching? Explore the contradictions between what we say we want our students to be when they are finished their schooling (engaged, critical thinkers, active contributors and problem solvers) and how we are often educating young people. How does democratic education address this? What are some of the challenges educators who want to introduce democratic principles into their schools face? What are some of the potential rewards? How does democratic education address the notion that…...

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References

IDEN International Democratic education Network. (2010). Retrieved October 2012, from http://www.idenetwork.org/idec/idec-english.htm

Apple, M.W., & Swalwell, K. (2011). Reviewing Policy: Starting the Wrong Conversations: The Public School Crisis and "Waiting for Superman." Educational Policy, 368-381.

Ayers, W. (1992). The Shifting Grounds of Curriculum Thought and Everyday Practice . Taylor & Francis, 259-263.

Ayers, W. (1994). Can City Schools be Saved? Educational Leadership, 60.

ealth does not equate to happiness, a sense of purpose, dignity or respect. One of the key underlying assumptions of neoliberal philosophy, as derived from Milton Friedman, is that financial wealth is the ideal end goal of all activity. hile financial wealth solves many problems it does not solve all problems. Opponents of globalization, whatever their other arguments, incorporate this understanding into their protestations.
Naomi Klein goes further, suggesting that the unequal wealth distribution in the globalized economy is deliberate. The march towards globalization is not an altruistic endeavor borne of a firm belief in the power of the free market, but is a calculated strategy on the part of the world's elite to seize the world's wealth and power at whatever expense is necessary. Indeed, any economic benefits realized by the masses are incidental. Casualties -- be they citizens of Iraq, indigenous peoples or indeed any of the world's…...

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Works Cited:

Harvey, D. (2007). A Brief History of Neoliberalism. New York: Oxford University Press.

Klein, N. (2007). The shock doctrine: The rise of disaster capitalism. Toronto: Random House.

Friedman, T. (1999). The Lexus and the olive tree. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux.

Appiah, K. (2006). The case for contamination. New York Times Magazine. Jan 1, 2006.

Ideologies and Power Dynamics in Political Systems

Ideologies are sets of beliefs that guide individuals and groups in their political actions. They encompass fundamental assumptions about the nature of society, the role of government, and the distribution of power. Ideologies play a crucial role in shaping the dynamics of power in political systems by:

1. Defining the Goals and Objectives of Power:

Ideologies provide the underlying principles that determine the goals and objectives of those seeking power. For example, a socialist ideology emphasizes the equitable distribution of wealth and resources, while a conservative ideology prioritizes the preservation of traditional values and economic freedom.....

Essay Topic Ideas on Naomi Klein

Naomi Klein is a Canadian journalist, author, and activist known for her incisive analyses of globalization, capitalism, and environmentalism. Her work has sparked significant debates and influenced policy decisions worldwide. The following essay topic ideas explore the diverse range of Klein's contributions:

1. The Shock Doctrine: Klein's Critique of Neoliberal Disasters

Klein's "The Shock Doctrine" argues that neoliberal economic policies have been implemented during times of crisis and disaster, taking advantage of societal upheaval to push through unpopular reforms.
Consider the historical examples she uses, such as the post-disaster policies in Iraq and the United States,....