Nursing Essays (Examples)

Nursing Theory

Caring as an integral nursing concept can be viewed from diverse perspectives. It can be an attribute, a complex set of behaviors, or an attitude. This has made some people believe that it is impossible to improve and measure it although there is evidence that both improvement and measurement are possible. People recognize that caring models of professional practice affect the service users, health outcomes, healthcare staff, and ultimately health care costs. The ability of healthcare staff to deliver caring-based models is driven by characteristics of healthcare service users and organizational behaviors. While nursing has generated a lot of research about caring, this concept remains relevant to all healthcare professionals encountering users of health care services. The caring concept has many similarities with relationship-based care and person-centered care.

B. Literature review

Nurse at risk of threatened well-being

In many countries, an increasing tendency to abandon the nursing field…

References

De, C.M., & Anderson, B.A. (2008). Caring for the vulnerable: Perspectives in nursing theory, practice, and research. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Dennis, C.M. (2007). Self-care deficit theory of nursing: Concepts and applications. St. Louis, Miss.; Toronto: Mosby.

Finkelman, A.W., & Kenner, C. (2010). Professional nursing concepts: Competencies for quality leadership. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Hickman, J.S. (2009). Faith community nursing. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Learning in adults is most effectual when the environment is both participative and interactive. Another important characteristic is that learners obtain instantaneous feedback. Teaching methods that necessitate a learner to think though data or information and come to a conclusion or forecast an outcome are more valuable than is reading or lecture. "The minute-to-minute care and monitoring of critically ill patients requires nurses to collect, analyze, and react to data and information. Simulation is an excellent way to both teach and practice these skills" (auen, 2012).

Conventional teaching methods stress linear thinking as a single concept is taught at a time. In physiology and critical care courses, the body is divided into organ systems and studied. Even though this method is suitable to help learners dissect intricate information, organ systems do not function in separation from one another. "For instance, in a critical care course, new cardiac surgery nurses learn…

References

Bastable, S.B. (2008). Nurse as educator: Principles of teaching and learning for nursing practice (2nd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Benner, P., Sutphen, M., Leonard, V., & Day, L. (2010). Educating nurses: A call for radical transformation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Cooper, J.B., & Taqueti, V.R. (2004). A brief history of the development of mannequin simulators for clinical education and training. Quality and Safety in Health Care,

13, 11-18.

Nursing esearch

Value of esearch to Nursing

Nursing is different from other health care professions. It has a large scope for practicing therefore it is necessary to understand theory in order to provide a strong framework for understanding of this profession. The daily practice of nursing contributes to a nursing practice theory, which can be empirically tested. A quantitative nursing research has three levels such as descriptive, co-relational and experimental. Therefore nurses are encouraged to consider all the virtues of experimental designs very carefully. They have to present an evidence-based practice as they have to plan a future research. This essay describes value of research to the nursing profession and also the contribution of a key theorist to the nursing research.

Value of esearch to Nursing

Every nursing practice theory should be at a level where it can be tested empirically. Today nurses are expected to work on evidence-based practice…

References

Getliffe, K. (1998). Developing a protocol for a randomized controlled trial: factors to consider.

Nurse Researcher, 6, 5 -- 17.

Jack, B., & Clarke, A.M. (1998). The value of quantitative research in nursing. Professional Nurse, 13, 753 -- 756.

Medical Library Group of Southern California and Arizona. (2010, February 5). The Role of Nursing Theorists in Nursing Research. Retrieved June 12, 2012, from  http://www.mlgsca.mlanet.org/newsletter/?p=1367 .

Nursing Across Theories

Nursing is a core concept that is common across contemporary nursing theories. Even though the definitions, applications, and philosophies are different with each theory, the concept of nursing plays a vital role in each one. Contemporary theories came about when the teaching of nursing students was not sufficient to the performances of what the nurses were being taught in schools and ultimately affecting patient care in the long run of nursing practice. The role of nursing theories was to enable schools to better equip nursing students for nursing practice that would provide adequate care and teaching to patients in the long run that would better equip the patient in knowledge of health and well-being.

"Nursing systems are a series of actions taken by a nurse to aid in meeting a person's self-care needs" (aulita, 2010). Nursing describes the nurse's responsibilities, roles of nurse and patient, and the…

Bibliography

Nursing Theory and Theorists. (2008, June 19). Retrieved from Nursing Crib:  http://nursingcrib.com/news-blog/nursing-theory-theorists/ 

Application of Orem's Self-Care Deficit theory. (2011, Oct 17). Retrieved from Nursing Theories:  http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/self_care_deficit_theory.html 

Virginia Henderson. (2011). Retrieved from Nursing Theory:  http://nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Virginia-Hendersoon.php 

Baulita, T. (2010, July 17). Theory of the Nursing System. Retrieved from Self-Care Magazine:  http://upoun207tfn.blogspot.com/#!/2010/04/theory-of-self-care.html

Nursing Research

How Data Collection Influences Statistics

Data collection influences statistics in several ways. First, data is collected according to a "category scheme," which is the establishment of meaningful categories in which the data is collected and analyzed (Polit & Beck, 2008, p. 508). If the category scheme is not well developed and meaningful, adequate data may not be effectively collected and examined to inform the nurse researcher about whatever topic he/she is investigating. Assuming good data collection, it allows the nurse researcher to define "themes" through common characteristics, variations and patterns shown by the collected and examined data (Polit & Beck, 2008, p. 515). In addition, data collection allows the nurse researcher to validate and refine themes through the use of quasi-statistics. Quasi-statistics is the enumeration of how often specific themes or observations are supported by collected and examined data (Polit & Beck, 2008, p. 517). If a specific…

Works Cited

Anonymous. (2011, March 14). Breast cancer; Research from M. Montgomery and co-authors provides new data about breast cancer. Health & Medicine Week, p. 2524.

Farrell, J., & Belza, B. (Jan-Feb 2012). Are older patients comfortable discussing sexual health with nurses? Nursing Research, 61(1), 51-57.

Polit, D.F., & Beck, C.T. (2008). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (8th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

Purssell, E., & While, A. (Nov 2011). P = nothing, or why we should not teach healthcare students about statistics. Nurse Education Today, 31(8), 837-840.

Nursing Shortage

Issues Surrounding the Nursing Shortage

In the early 2000s, national strategies to improve the nursing workforce profile were largely focused on increasing the number of nurses at the bedside through the use of sign-on bonuses and travel nurses. While these strategies tended to provide local short-term solutions, they did little to address long-term issues affecting the nursing shortage. With nursing education programs challenged to increase student enrollment, many colleges were confronted with a limited financial infrastructure, a shortage of qualified faculty, and difficulty establishing the clinical sites needed to support additional students. Thus, they found themselves turning qualified applicants away (Clark & Allison-Jones, 2011).

According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN, 2010) there are three routes to becoming a registered nurse (N), a 3-year diploma program typically administered in hospitals, a 3-year associate degree usually offered at community colleges, and the 4-year baccalaureate degree offered…

References

AACN. (2010, October). The impact of education on nursing practice. American association of colleges of nursing. Fact Sheet. Retrieved November 26, 2011 from  http://www.aacn.nche.edu/media/factsheets/impactednp.htm 

Clark, R.C. & Allison-Jones, L. (2011, January/February) Investing in human capitol: An academic-service partnership to address the nursing shortage. Nursing Education perspectives Vol. 32, Issue 1, 18-21. Retrieved November 26, 2011, from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=46675669-2c52-4b47-8d25-c4b864a0b1a6%40sessionmgr14&vid=4&hid=10

Fox, R.L. & Abrahamson, K. (2009, October/December) A critical examination of the U.S. nursing shortage: Contributing factors, public policy implications. Nursing forum, Vol. 44, Issue 4, 235-244. Retrieved November 26, 2011, from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=e31f1e7f-7415-49b5-abcc-7f7c8352bd91%40sessionmgr111&vid=4&hid=7

Hood, L.J. (2009). Leddy & Pepper's conceptual bases of professional nursing. 7th ed. Hong Kong, China: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Nursing Science

The historical development of nursing science can largely be dated back to the era of Florence Nightingale. It is however imperative to note that nursing as a largely independent profession has over the past century converged into a well founded theoretical perspectives culture. In this text, I will develop a nursing science historical development timeline with a mention of specific theorists, theories, years as well as events in nursing history. Further, I will discuss the relationship existing between the profession and nursing science. This paper will also make a mention of how nursing is influenced by a select class of other disciplines including but not limited to psychology, anthropology, education and religion.

Nursing Science: Historical Development

1850 -- Considered by many to be the pioneer of nursing as we know it today, Florence Nightingale joins The Institute of St. Vincent de Paul to start off her training as…

References

Andrist, L.C., Nicholas, P.K. & Wolf, K. (2006). A History of Nursing Ideas. Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett Learning.

Ferrell, B. & Coyle, N. (2006). Textbook of Palliative Nursing, Volume 355. New York: Oxford University Press.

Omery, A., Kasper, C.E. & Page, G.G. (1995). In Search of Nursing Science. USA: SAGE

Zaccagnini, M.E. & White, K.W. (2011). The Doctor of Nursing Practice Essentials: A New Model for Advanced Practice Nursing. Sudbury: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

Nursing

The greatest challenges facing nursing leadership and the profession as a whole include, but are not limited to, "highly political environments, budget reductions, changing reimbursement patterns, staffing shortages, and rapidly evolving technological advances," (Schmidt, 2006, p. 34). In addition to these environmental and organizational challenges, nurses and nurse leaders contend with issues related to communications, public relations, and personal psychological barriers to greatness. Nurses are endowed with more formal and informal types of power than in the past, expanding the locus of the profession from bedside care towards policy making and administration.

Nurses and nurse leaders can influence the regulatory mandates that govern and guide nursing practice. In fact, nurses and nurses alone are entrusted with the responsibility of developing and changing regulatory mandates that impact the nursing profession in particular. egulatory mandates that do not impinge directly upon nursing, or which have a broader application in health care,…

Reference

Robinson, S.E., Roth, S.L. & Brown, L.L. (1993). Morale and job satisfaction among nurses: What can hospitals do? Journal of Applied Social Psychology 23(3): 244-251.

Nursing Case Study

Case Discussion

This case scenario is a classic case of professional misconduct carried out by Nurse X. The nurse did not have enough medical or chemical knowledge and therefore she made this mistake. It is common sense for any health care professional to realize that nasogastric or endoscopic route is very different to an IV route. All nurses and health care providers must be extra careful when administering to the patient's body through the IV route. It is noteworthy here that something as minor as an air bubble can result in the death of the patient. Through the nasogastric and endoscopic route, the medicines are introduced in the gastrointestinal tract from where they are absorbed in the blood. Therefore it should be noted that there is a huge difference between drug solution made for gastric route and drug solutions made for the IV route. Drugs that are…

References

Alliex, S. (2013). ENFORCING CONDITIONS OF THE NURSES BOARD OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA FOLLOWING DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS. [e-book] pp. 1-6. Available through: AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF CRIMINOLOGY  http://www.aic.gov.au/media_library/conferences/regulation/alliex.pdf  [Accessed: 8 Sep 2013].

Beauchamp, T. & Childress, J. (2009). Principles of biomedical ethics (6th edition). New York: Oxford.

Benner, P. (1984). From novice to expert. Menlo Park, Calif.: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., Nursing Division.

Brous, E. (2012). LEGAL CLINIC: Professional Licensure Protection Strategies. American Journal of Nursing, 112 (12), pp. 43-47.

Nursing is a science and an art, combining evidence-based practice with a practice based on caring, compassion, kindness, and respect. Evidence-based practice legitimizes nursing as a profession, as it eliminates guesswork during the delivery of care and ensuring a scientific foundation for clinical decisions. Nursing involves following and often developing the standards and procedures that promote both individual health and public health. As an art, however, nursing involves caring for patients, families, and communities. The ontological root of nursing is the act and process of promoting health and well-being. Nursing is a relational profession, highlighting the nurse's role within the health care system.

Nursing is frequently defined as both "art" and "science," (Potter, Perry, Stockert & Hall, 2013; Mississippi Delta Community College, n.d.). The art component of nursing is best expressed in the subtle nuances of the delivery of care, including attitudes and behaviors toward patients. As an art, nursing…

References

American Nurses' Association (2013). What is nursing? Retrieved online:  http://www.nursingworld.org/EspeciallyForYou/What-is-Nursing 

Chinn, P.L. & Wheeler, C.E. (1985). Feminism and nursing. Nursing Outlook 33(2): 74-77.

Cody, W.K. & Kennedy, J.W. (2006). Philosophical and Theoretical Perspectives for Advanced Nursing Practice. Jones & Bartlett.

McMahon, R., Pearson, A. & Pearson, A. (1998). Nursing as Therapy. Nelson Thornes.

Nursing Education

Does nursing have a unique body of knowledge or is it the application of various other fields of knowledge in a practice setting?

Nursing does have a unique body of knowledge as Moyer and Whittmann-Price (2008) state "it is nursing's unique knowledge base that warrants a unique service or practice called professional nursing" (6). This means that like the other help-specific sciences nursing was founded on the basis of research that is unique to the methods needed for the practice of that occupation and no other. This definition of this practice is bounded within that research

What are the expectations and patient considerations of evidence-based practice in nursing?

First of all, evidence-based practice assumes that the exercise of the field is predicated on what research has determined will best aid patients. Expectation, viewed from an ethical perspective, is that nurses will provide care that is not anecdotal but…

References

American's with Disabilities Act (ADA). (2012). ADA home page. Retrieved from http://www.ada.gov/

American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN). (2005).

Bastable, S.B. (2008). Nurse as educator: Principles of teaching and learning for nursing practice, (3rd Ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Billings, D.M., & Halstead, J.A. (2011). Teaching in nursing: A guide for faculty. New York: Elsevier Science.

Nursing Theorists

The objective of this study is to identify, describe, research and apply the concepts of a specific nursing theorist and compare and contrast it to other nursing theorists. As well, this work in writing will provide examples of clinical situations from personal nursing practice that illustrates the concepts and application of the framework and will describe these in ways that serve to illustrate and clarify the use of the conceptual material.

The nursing theorist chosen in this study is Dorothea Orem. Dorothea Orem was born in 1914 in altimore, Maryland in the U.S. And earned her diploma at Providence Hospital in Washington DC. Orem worked as a staff nurse as well as a private duty nurse, nurse educator, and administrator and finally as a nursing consultant. Orem received her honorary Doctor of Science degree in 1976. Orem's theory was first published in 'Nursing: Concepts of Practice in 1974,…

Bibliography

Dorothea Elizabeth Orem made nursing theory "exciting, realistic and usable (2007) Southern Cross, Page 3. Retrieved from: Thursday, July 19, 2007

Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory 2012) Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory. Retrieved from:  http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/self_care_deficit_theory.html Iglesias, M. et al. (nd) Case Study Application info Dorthea Orem's Nursing Theory. Retrieved from Scribd at:  http://www.scribd.com/doc/20791871/Case-Study-Application-of-Dorothea-Orem-s-Nursing-Theory 

George B. Julia, Nursing Theories- The base for professional Nursing Practice, 3rd ed. Norwalk, Appleton & Lange.

Integration of Dorothea Orem's Nursing Theoretical Framework (nd)Williams & Lippincot /

Nursing metaparadigm is a declaration or series of declarations that identifies occurrences that include a range of philosophical beliefs and directs the approach to the identified assumptions. A metaparadigm is defined as the most comprehensive perspective of a field that serves as a summarizing unit or outline with which more limited structures or concepts develop. In this case, each field or discipline identifies an interesting or relevant phenomenon that it addresses in a unique way (Masters, n.d.). Unlike the concepts and propositions in the conceptual models, those that indentify and connect these phenomena are more intangible. The nursing profession is based on conceptual theories and models that reflect several paradigms originating from metaparadigm in the nursing field. The conceptual models in this profession are based on four central concepts i.e. person, health, environment, and nursing. This implies that nursing practice is based on the person receiving care, environment within which…

References:

Basford, L. & Slevin, O. (2003). Theory and practice of nursing: an integrated approach to caring practice. Delta Place, Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes.

Masters, K. (n.d.). Framework for Professional Nursing Practice. Retrieved September 28, 2013,

from  http://samples.jbpub.com/9781449691509/81982_CH02_Pass1.pdf 

"Metaparadigm Concepts" (2000). Nursing. Retrieved from The College of New Jersey website:

Nursing Professional oundaries

There are boundary issues in every aspect of nursing practice. Some of the issues range from stopping to purchase some groceries for a home-bound client, accepting gifts from clients, having friendship with clients and engaging in sexual relationships with clients. While there is substantial gray area compared to black and white in the study of professional boundaries, nurses can make appropriate decisions if they have the relevant information concerning fundamentals of professional boundaries (Kagle and Giebelhausen, 1994). Therefore, it is advisable for the nurses to read additional information and take part in discussions with their colleagues to widen their comprehension of the topic.

Professional boundaries refer to the limits that shield the liberty between the professional's authority and their client's susceptibility. This means that upholding proper boundaries will help in controlling the authority allowing for safe links between the nurse and client based on the client's wants.…

Bibliography

Avis, W.S., Drysdale, P.D., Gregg, R.J., Neufeldt, V.E., & Scargill, M.H. (1983). Gage Canadian Toronto, ON. Canada Publishing Corporation: Gage Educational Publishing Company.

Chong, C.M., Sellick, K., & Francis, K. (2011). What influences Malaysian nurses to participate in continuing professional education activities? Asian nursing research, 5(1), 38-47.

Cohn, K.H. (2009). Changing physician behavior through involvement and collaboration. J Health Manage, 54, 80 -- 6.

Goolsby, M.J. (2004). American Academy of Nurse Practitioners National Nurse Practitioner Sample Survey, Part 1: an Overview. J Am Acad Nurs Pract, 17(9), pp. 337 -- 341.

Nursing theory, as Nolan and Grant (1992, p. 217) correctly state, cannot be separated from the practice of the profession. On the other hand, theories that have become known collectively as "grand theory" have become so fraught with terminology discrepancies and idealistic representation that it has become impossible for practitioners to use. This has created what Nolan and Grant (1992, p. 217) refer to as the "theory-practice gap," where there is a lack of basic communication and collaboration among nursing theorists and practitioners in the field. To remedy this, a new approach to nursing theory and its relationship to practice arose, known as "mid-range theory." This approach was first suggested by Hildegard Peplau at the end of the 1960s (Peden, 1998). ecently, there has been a revisitation of the merits of mid-range theories as a more effective approach not only to the practice of nursing, but also to research in…

References

Bu, X. & Jezewski, M.A. (2007). Developing a mid-range theory of patient advocacy through concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, Vol. 57, No. 1. pp.101 -- 110

Flood, M. (n.d.) A Mid-Range Nursing Theory of Successful Aging. The Journal of Theory Construction & Testing. Vol. 9, No. 2.

Goldenberg, H. And Goldenberg, I. Family Therapy: An Overview.

Nolan, M. And Grant, G. (1992). Mid-range theory building and the nursing theory-practice gap: a respite care case study. Journal of Advanced Nursing. Vol 17. pp. 217-223.

Nursing work at the ER

Nursing work at the Emergency Room (ER)

The interviewee is Eric Johnson, a Registered Nurse (RN) in the Emergency Room (ER) of Toledo Hospital. He has been an ER RN for seven (7) years now. Scheduling the interview with him was challenging, as nurses work many hours, and Eric managed to allot a small amount of time for the interview because the interviewer is his friend.

What kind of education/certification/experience does the nurse have?

Nursing work in the ER is a specialization by itself. Thus, ER nurses are given continuous education, certification to different areas of nursing expertise specific to ER work, and the experience itself in the ER is worthy enough for a nurse to be experienced in different aspects of technical/medical hospital work. Formally, the interviewee has been trained in basic life support, advanced cardiac life support, neonatal advanced life support, pediatric advanced…

Nursing Interview

One of the remarkable things about the nursing profession is the wide variety of work opportunities available to nurses. This paper highlights information about a unique nursing career. Jenny J. is a nurse who works for NASA at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. In her career as a nurse working for NASA, Jenny's work experience may seem to be outside of the realm that one traditionally associates with a nurse. In the time that I have known her, Jenny has participated in flight training programs, been able to experience zero-gravity exposure, and has routine contact with astronauts who continue to go into space, despite the limitations in the current U.S. space program. However, Jenny's work experience makes it clear that the skills that are most critical in the performance of her job are her nursing skills. She provides ground support and technical training for astronauts, in…

Nursing ole

oles and responsibilities

"A nursing job demands great dedication and commitment from the learner." (Johnstone, 1999). The practitioner of this field is required to have the ability to work under great pressure as well as being able to remain calm under extreme circumstances. There are many responsibilities for any nurse and here we will look at some of them. Firstly, nurse is supposed to be the one who provides care to those who need it the most. Their main task is to provide comfort to the patient not only through physical treatment but at an emotional level as well.

In cases where the doctors are not available the nurses should take the lead in assisting the patients in whatever their requirements are, therefore a nurse should have extensive knowledge and experience regarding dealing with sensitive matters which affects the patients. "The nurse should also try to give clients…

References

Johnstone, J. (1999). Bioethics: A nursing perspective. Sydney: Harcourt Saunders.

Whitehead, E. (2003). Thinking Nursing. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

Joel, L. (2002). The Nursing Experience. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Nursing Administration-Staffing

A strategy for recruiting nurses for the acute care units

The effect of the nursing shortage crisis combined with higher patient acuity has become a crucial concern for the nursing management team. This relates largely to the balancing patient needs with staffing needs. Nurse executives at hospitals contribute to the shortage of women having numerous opportunities outside the health care industry and to inadequate compensation for work done. However, diverse recruitment strategies can be employed to help in reversing this pattern. Local initiatives may include collaborating with nursing schools as primary sites for clinical rotations, offering referral bonuses, and establishing residency programs. It also includes hiring new graduate nurses, encouraging the nurses to visit high schools to boost students' interest in the field, and encouraging more males to join the field. Internal strategies include paying acute care nurse premium dollars for working additional hours, giving annual bonuses associated…

References

Brown, M. (2012). Nursing management: Issues and ideas. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers.

Huston, C.J. (2014). Professional issues in nursing: Challenges & opportunities. Baltimore, MD: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Dickson, G.L., & Flynn, L. (2008). Nursing policy research: Turning evidence-based research into health policy. New York: Springer Pub. Co.

Marquis, B.L., & Huston, C.J. (2009). Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Nursing Leadership and Conflict Management

The complexities of communication in healthcare are accentuated by the urgency of providing expert-level care and continually fueling a high level of professional competence with one's peers and the broader professional communities. The more time-sensitive a given field of nursing or medical practice, the more critical it is to have highly accurate, relevant and timely patient data to make decisions on (White, Thornbory, 2007). Across the entire medical industry and specifically in nursing the greater the competency a professional has, the greater the credibility they earn over time (McElhaney, 1996). This is what makes leadership so difficult in the nursing industry, as excellent leaders will over time coach and create highly effective nursing professionals who are honest about their strengths, in addition to their weaknesses (Fuimano, 2005). Authenticity and transparency are critically important for creating a solid foundation of trust in communication, and the more…

Bibliography

Conant, G., & Kleiner, B.H. (1998). Human resource management in the health-care industry. Health Manpower Management, 24(3), 114-118.

Fuimano, J. (2005). Navigate through conflict, not around it. Nursing Management, 36(8), 14-14, 18.

Martin, K., Wimberley, D., & O. Keefe, Karen. (1994). Resolving conflict in a multicultural nursing department. Nursing Management, 25(1), 49.

McElhaney, R. (1996). Conflict management in nursing administration. Nursing Management, 27(3), 49.

Nursing Organization Plan

Nursing Org Plan

The author of this report is asked to lay out a master plan for a nursing/medical organization spoken and enumerated from the standpoint of a new nursing executive. The plan given in this report will have six major sections. In the same order in which they will be covered in this report, these facets include contextual information, nursing strategic planning, culture and image, physical setting and technology, nursing's role in inter-disciplinary care and quality/success metrics. While crafting and expressing such a plan is a complex and daunting task, there are a few core principles that should guide anything and everything pertaining to the plan.

The Plan

The mission statement, vision statement and organizational assessments of the organization will all center on three basic ideals, those being integrity, quality of care and the utilization/realization of human capital. In short, the nursing wing of the organization…

References

Angst, C.M., & Agarwal, R. (2009). Adoption of electronic health records in the presence of privacy concerns: The elaboration likelihood model and individual persuasion. MIS Quarterly, 33(2), 339-370.

Average age of nurses increases. (2010). Lamp, 67(10), 11.

George, V., & Haag-Heitman, B. (2011). Nursing peer review: the manager's role. Journal of Nursing Management, 19(2), 254-259. doi:10.1111/j.1365-

Germain, P., & Cummings, G.G. (2010). The influence of nursing leadership on nurse

Nursing

Original understanding of what it meant to be an N

Being a egistered Nurse meant applying evidence-based practice to patient care. It meant doing whatever it took to make patients as comfortable as possible, listening closely to their needs, and to the concerns they and their family presented to the healthcare team and me. Being a egistered Nurse meant collaborating with my colleagues and other members of the healthcare team to provide the best quality of care for each and every patient, under the circumstances. My original understanding of what it meant to be an N included having the necessary training, background, and experience to be a primary care provider.

Current expanded view of what it means to be an N

Since taking this course, I have acknowledged the "substantial expansion" in the N workforce over the past several years (Staiger, Auerbach, & Buerhaus, 2012, p. 1). Understanding the…

References

Berger, P. (2010). Student inquiry and Web 2.0. School Library Monthly XXVI (5).

Erdelez, S., Basic, J. & Levitov, D.D. (2011). Potential for inclusion of information encountering within information literacy models. Information Research 16(3): 8.

Staiger, D.O., Auerbach, D.I. & Buerhaus, P.I. (2012). Registered Nurse labor supply and the recession: are we in a bubble? The New England Journal of Medicine 2012(366).

"Why is Inquiry Important for Student Learning?" (n.d.). Library of Congress. Retrieved online:  http://www.loc.gov/teachers/tps/quarterly/inquiry_learning/article.html

Nursing, Leadership and Management Case Analysis

Source of motivation

The nursing career is a challenging one and needs a lot of motivation and determination in order for one to continue in the quest to offer the service to those who need it and stay motivated and even motivate others. There are varied sources of my motivation in the nursing field. The most important is the intrinsic motivation source. It is described as the willingness of a person to make some decision or take an action depending not on the material rewards but the possible satisfaction that they may derive from the experience or the action (Jeremy Wight, 2011). The decision to engage in the nursing management activity is motivated by the pleasure or the learning experience that is derived from engaging in the activity. It is indicated that intrinsically motivated people derive pleasure from completing a task, the job itself…

References

Janet Pagan et.al, (2009). Achieving Success in QIO and Rural Hospital Partnerships. Retrieved August 11, 2012 from http://www3.norc.org/NR/rdonlyres/93069917-D956-4E87-8A2E-8EC1F3ABC287/0/WalshQIORevisedReportFeb09_final.pdf

Jeremy Wight, (2011). What is Intrinsic Motivation. Retrieved August 11, 2012 from http://www.pro-psychology.com/articles/jeremy/IntrinsicMotivation.html

Learning Theories, (2012). Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Retrieved August 11, 2012 from  http://www.learning-theories.com/maslows-hierarchy-of-needs.html 

Rebecca S. McClinton, (2012). Goals of the Joint Commission on National Patient Safety. Retrieved August 11, 2012 from http://www.ehow.com/facts_6809483_goals-commission-national-patient-safety.html

The health care sector comprises of different professionals with different educational qualifications and work in various settings. Nurses account for a significant portion of the entire health care workforce given their role in coordinating patient care activities. Actually, nurses are regarded as the primary professionals who provide health care services to different patient populations. Despite the significance of nurses in the health care workforce, nursing is experiencing a crisis in relation to the shortage of nurses, which has become a major issue for policymakers in the health sector. The shortage of nurses has increased at a time when there is an increased need for delivery of high quality patient care in order to enhance patient outcomes. This increase in nursing shortage has in turn contributed to the development of various nursing workforce initiatives that are geared towards addressing this problem.

The Nursing Workforce Crisis
The modern health care sector is…

References
National League for Nursing. (2017). Workforce. Retrieved September 30, 2017, from  http://www.nln.org/advocacy-public-policy/legislative-issues/workforce 
Orbis Education. (2016, June). Tackling the Nursing Shortage – Health Care Report. Retrieved September 30, 2017, from  http://orbiseducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Orbis-Education-Health-Care-White-Paper-Nursing-Shortage.pdf 
Stechmiller, J.K. (2002). The Nursing Shortage in Acute and Critical Care Settings. AACN Advanced Critical Care, 13(4), 577-584.
Zinn, J. L. (2012). Addressing the Nursing Shortage: The Need for Nurse Residency Programs. AORN Journal, 96(6), 652 - 657.

 

Key Issues in Nursing Informatics
Since as early as the 1980s, information technology, computer science, and nursing science have all been integrated under the rubric of nursing informatics: with the goal of improving patient care and quantifiable outcomes (Kaminski, 2015). Nursing informatics has also enabled the entrenchment of evidence-based practice in healthcare. Key issues in nursing informatics include the ongoing changes to hardware and software, the need to align various informatics systems and techniques across multiple care providers in a globally integrated healthcare system, and the need for core competencies to become mandatory for all nurses. Advancements in medical technologies and science, such as genetics, will also radically transform the role informatics plays in patient care.
Therefore, nursing informatics has radically transformed the nature of the nursing profession by expanding the requisite skills for professional practice and altering the roles nurses play in healthcare institutions. Even though there have been…

References
Collins, S. (2016). Nursing informatics competencies. IOS Press Open Access. doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-658-3-710
Farzandipour, M., Meidani, Z., Riazi, H., et al. (2016). Nursing information systems requirements. Computers, Informatics, Nursing 34(12): 601-612.
Kaminski, J. (2015). Why every nurse needs nursing informatics courses. Canadian Journal of Nursing Informatics 10(3): https://search.proquest.com/openview/5fd36a11e8c4e478cb6fe6d61a80fbcc/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2026675
Madsen, I., Cummings, E., Borycki, E.M., et al. (2016). Developing a framework for teaching nursing informatics internationally. IOS Press Open Access, doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-658-3-783
McGonigle, D., Hunter, K., Sipes, C., et al. (2014). Why nurses need to understand nursing informatics. AORN Journal 100(3):324-327.
McGonigle, D. & Mastrian, K. (2014). Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge. Jones & Bartlett.
Nagle, L.M., Crosby, K., Frisch, N., et al. (2014). Developing entry-to-practice nursing informatics competencies for registered nurses. In Saranto, Weaver & Chang (Eds.) Nursing Informatics 2014. IOS Press.

Nursing organizations have a tremendous impact on the profession and on the good of society. When nurses begin their practice after graduation, many of them are well aware that they are responsible for their own professional development. Joining a nursing organization is the best way to dedicate oneself seriously and realistically to one’s professional development since these entities have such a strong focus on continuing education and shaping society for the better. Nursing organizations are able to critically impact the profession because of the unity they create among professionals. Nursing organizations creates a system of membership and camaraderie that offers nurses a continual education, opportunities for certification, and role-related skill-building along with educational gatherings and programs (Schneider, 2015). Part of the reason that nursing organizations are so crucial is because healthcare is constantly in flux. There are daily updates and changes that occur in this arena and the nursing profession…

References
Catallo, C., Spalding, K., & Haghiri-Vijeh, R. (2014). Nursing Professional Organizations. SAGE Open, 4(4), 215824401456053. doi:10.1177/2158244014560534
CDC.gov. (2012, December 6). National Association of School Nurses (NASN) Campaign Resources | Seasonal Influenza (Flu) | CDC. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/flu/resource-center/partners/success-stories/success-nasn-nurses.htm
Matthews, J. H. (2012, January). Role of Professional Organizations in Advocating for the Nursing Profession. Retrieved from http://ojin.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-17-2012/No1-Jan-2012/Professional-Organizations-and-Advocating.html
Morgan, C. (2017, February 14). American Nurses Association and CDC Announce Partnership to Improve Infection Prevention Education for Nurses. Retrieved from https://dailynurse.com/american-nurses-association-cdc-announce-partnership-improve-infection-prevention-education-nurses/
Schneider, A. (2015). Nursing Organizations: The Role they Play in Professional Development. Retrieved from https://www.rn.com/nursing-organizations-the-role-they-play-in-professional-development/

How information and technology connect to patient care outcomes and a safe care environment
Explain why information and technology skills are essential for safe patient care.
Within the context of healthcare, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) represents a collection of services or ventures which facilitate remote patient care (telehealth), transfer of knowledge, and interdisciplinary clinical assistance. ICT usage can promote inexpensive client-focused care, improve knowledge sharing and care quality, decrease time of travel, ensure patients as well as healthcare workers are better informed, and foster a novel kind of provider-patient relationship (Alligood, 2014; Rouleau et al., 2015).
The Workforce Commission of the AAN (American Academy of Nursing) acknowledged the significance of efficient technology when it comes to enhancing care efficacy and safety, besides helping save time for nurses to conduct essential care activities. The RWJF (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation)-sponsored TD2 (Technology Drill Down) initiative of the Commission dealt with the…

References
Alligood, M. R. (Ed.). (2014). Nursing theorists & their work (8thed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Bowman S. (2013). Impact of electronic health record systems on information integrity: quality and safety implications. Perspectives in health information management, 10(Fall), 1c.
Cassano, C. (2014). The right balance-technology and patient care. On-Line Journal of Nursing Informatics, 18(3).
Darvish, A., Bahramnezhad, F., Keyhanian, S., &Navidhamidi, M. (2014). The role of nursing informatics on promoting quality of health care and the need for appropriate education. Global journal of health science, 6(6), 11-8. doi:10.5539/gjhs.v6n6p11
Gelzer, R., Hall, T., Liette, E., Warner, D., & Wiedemann, L. A. (2012). Copy Functionality Toolkit: A Practical Guide: Information Management and Governance of Copy Functions in Electronic Health Record Systems. Chicago, IL: AHIMA.
Rouleau, G., Gagnon, M. P., &Côté, J. (2015). Impacts of information and communication technologies on nursing care: an overview of systematic reviews (protocol). Systematic reviews, 4, 75. doi:10.1186/s13643-015-0062-y

The Nurse Practice Act of Ohio directs responsibility and accountability in professional nursing practice. The Act defines the roles and duties of the Registered Nurse, delimiting the professional duties of the registered nurse. For example, an amendment to the Nurse Practice Act of Ohio enables nurses, including all nurse practitioners, to determine and pronounce death officially (Ohio Board of Nursing, 2017). Health counseling and teaching, administering nursing practice, and executing nurse regimens are also part of the Nurse Practice Act of Ohio (“Chapter 4723 Nurse Definitions,” n.d.). Therefore, the Act shows what nurses are and are not responsible for, improving consistency and role clarity. The Nurse Practice Act can also aid healthcare administrators to manage staff and ensure ascription to legal and ethical parameters of the profession.
My belief system aligns with the principles of caring and cultural competency. I believe that nurses do more than deliver care according to…

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the method of gathering, handling, and applying research results to enhance medical practice, the work atmosphere, or patient results. Based on the American Nurses Association or ANA, medical treatments ought to be functional, systematic decisions centered on EBP scientific studies. Making use of the EBP method of medical practice can help to deliver the very best quality and most price-effective patient treatment conceivable. This document is going to discuss the crucial qualities of EBP associated with research in nursing with special reference towards culturally customized diabetic issues training to lessen HBA1c levels amongst Americans with Asian descent suffering from type two diabetes.
What effect does a meta-synthesis or meta-analysis have on research translation? Describe a clinical practice in place that is supported by this level of evidence.
Meta-analysis offers the base for evidence-based practice as the outcomes could be utilized to establish a new best practice…

References
Aspin, C., Brown, N., Jowsey, T., Yen, L., & Leeder, S. (2012). Strategic approaches to enhanced health service delivery for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with chronic illness: a qualitative study. BMC health services research, 12(1), 143.
Bussières, A. E., Al Zoubi, F., Stuber, K., French, S. D., Boruff, J., Corrigan, J., & Thomas, A. (2016). Evidence-based practice, research utilization, and knowledge translation in chiropractic: a scoping review. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 16(1), 216.
Chism, L. A. (2010). The DNP Graduate as Expert Clinician. The Doctor of Nursing Practice: A Guidebook for Role Development and Professional Issues, 63.
Ehrmann, D., Bergis-Jurgan, N., Haak, T., Kulzer, B., & Hermanns, N. (2016). Comparison of the efficacy of a diabetes education programme for type 1 diabetes (PRIMAS) in a randomised controlled trial setting and the effectiveness in a routine care setting: results of a comparative effectiveness study. PloS one, 11(1), e0147581.
Holly, C., & Slyer, J. T. (2013). Interpreting and using meta-analysis in clinical practice. Orthopaedic Nursing, 32(2), 106-110.
Jason Slyer, D. N. P. (2012). On the doctor of nursing practice (DNP). Research and theory for nursing practice, 26(1), 6.
Kitson, A., Harvey, G., & McCormack, B. (1998). Enabling the implementation of evidence-based practice: a conceptual framework. Quality in Health Care, 7, 149-158. DOI: 10.1136/qshc.7.3.149.
Levin, R. F., Fineout-Overholt, E., Melnyk, B. M., Barnes, M., & Vetter, M. J. (2011). Fostering evidence-based practice to improve nurse and cost outcomes in a community health setting: a pilot test of the advancing research and clinical practice through close collaboration model. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 35(1), 21-33.

All nursing specialties are constrained by legislations and regulations that restrict the scope of their respective areas of practice. One of the nursing specialties that has been especially impacted by legislation and regulation at the state and federal level is nurse anesthesiology. Nurse anesthetists are described as “vital” in their roles in service delivery and quality of care (Greenwood & Biddle, 2015, p. 498). Yet legislation has until recently prevented nurse anesthetists from fulfilling their potential as members of the healthcare team. As of 2018, though, a revised proposal would seek to reclassify Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists as Advanced Practice Nurses—a move that will significantly alter the role and responsibilities of this critical care position (Tregaskis, 2018). Discussions are currently underway, but if this new legislation passes at the federal level, it would effectively override many of the state-level restrictions on nurse anesthetists. Ideally, the move will improve overall quality…

Ethical Dilemma
Introduction
The following paper will narrate an ethical dilemma which has been faced by a nurse working is a local emergency department. The analysis of the dilemma will be done using Catalano’s (2009) ethical decision making algorithm for nurses. Various potential solutions to the dilemma will be discussed along with an examination of both the positive and negative consequences of the decision.
This ethical dilemma, faced by the emergency department nurse was related to a 93 year old patient who was transferred from an extended care facility. The patient had been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. She was unable to eat or drink at all which was not enough to sustain her health. The patient would not give any response to any voice or touch. She was non-verbal. Her physician at the extended care facility had diagnosed her with failure to thrive. Her granddaughter was the power of attorney.…

References
Blais, K., & Hayes, J. S. (2010). Professional nursing practice: Concepts and perspective (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Catalano, J. T. (2009). Nursing now! Today’s issues, tomorrow’s trends (5th ed.). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis.
Deshpande, S. P. (2009). A study of ethical decision making by physicians and nurses in hospitals. Journal of Business Ethics, 90(3), 387-397.
Dreyer, A., Forde, R., & Nortvedt, P. (2009, November). Autonomy at the end of life: Life prolonging treatment in nursing homes - relatives’ role in the decision-making process. Journal of Medical Ethics, 35(11), 672-677.
Gladding, S. T. (2000). Counseling: A Comprehensive Profession (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.
Heiser, G. (2014). End of life ethical dilemma. Journal of Excellence in Integrated Writing Courses at Wright State, 1(7), 1-5.
International Council of Nurses. (2006). The ICN code of ethics for nurses. Retrieved from http://www.icn.ch/icncode.pdf
Porth, C. M. (2010). Essentials of pathophysiology (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams& Wilkins.

The Practicum Project focuses on new information systems used in a healthcare organization. A needs assessment revealed problems with the speed of documentation and patient charting. After reviewing the results of the needs assessment, I proposed the new information system based on the need to enhance the speed of documentation and patient charting at the health facility. The goals for the practicum project included improving workflow, integrating information and knowledge management systems, and streamlining the ways nurses input, manage, and retrieve data.
The methodology used for the practicum included qualitative analyses using focus groups to determine how to best design the informatics and to integrate them into the existing workflow. Consultations with the American Nursing Informatics Association helped to guide the design of the mixed methods research. Objectives were derived from prior research into improving healthcare informatics, revealing the need for “nursing documentation...principles of nursing informatics, data protection and security,…

References
Currie, L.M. (2005). Evaluation frameworks for nursing informatics. International Journal of Medical Informatics 74(11-12): 908-916.
Egbert, N., Thye, J., Hackl, W., et al. (2018). Competencies for nursing in a digital world. Methodology, results, and use of the DACH-recommendations for nursing informatics core competency areas in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. Informatics for Health and Social Care 27(2018): 1-25.
Moghaddasi, H., Rabiei, R., Asadi, F., et al. (2017). Evaluation of Nursing Information Systems: Application of Usability Aspects in the Development of Systems. Healthcare Informatics Research23(2): 101-108.

Topic: 1
My research is being designed to investigate the efficacy of a culturally appropriate and targeted diabetes education program on the reduction of A1C levels after six months. The population I am focusing on is Asian Americans with Type II diabetes, within a specific age range. My hypothesis is that after three months of the program, the A1C levels of the experimental group will be lower than they were prior to starting the program.
Because I intend to measure the same population of people before and after the intervention, the ideal methodology to be used would be a pre/post test. I would like to employ quantitative research methods regardless, particularly for measuring the dependent variable (A1C levels). This is a unifactorial study, focusing only on one diabetes factor (A1C levels), making it relatively straightforward. Another way I can approach this study is to design a correlational study in which…

References
Balfour, W. (2012). Make excellent patient satisfaction a reality. IVantage. https://www.ivantagehealth.com/patient-satisfaction-a-matter-of-perception/
“Evidence Based Practice Toolkit,” (n.d.). http://libguides.winona.edu/c.php?g=11614&p=61584
Haynes, B. & Haynes, A. (1998). Barriers and bridges to evidence based clinical practice. BMJ 317(7153): 273-276.
Koska, M.T. (1989). Satisfaction data: patient perception is reality. Hospitals 63(13): 40.

1. Discuss the concept of cost-based analysis. Provide an example of a program where it could be used to show outcomes.
The concept of cost-based analysis is delineated as the process for approximating all of the costs involved and the conceivable profits or benefits to be derived from a particular proposal. This analysis takes into account not only quantitative factors but also qualitative factors for examining the value for money for a particular project, proposal or opportunity. The fundamental aim is to make an ascertainment of any prospect and provide a basis for making contrasts and comparisons with other proposals. This concept of cost-based analysis can be significantly employed in different medical and health care programs, in order to reveal outcomes and results. For instance, within a healthcare institution, there are several different programs that are proposed in every fiscal year but not all can be accepted and implemented by…

References
Batras, D., Duff, C., & Smith, B. J. (2016). Organizational change theory: implications for health promotion practice. Health Promotion International, 31(1), 231-241.
Brock, D. W., Buchanan, A. (1986). Ethical Issues in For-Profit Health Care. Washington (DC): National Academies Press.
Frew, E. (2010). Applied methods of cost-benefit analysis in health care (Vol. 4). Oxford University Press.
Sutherland, K. (2013). Applying Lewin\\\\'s change management theory to the implementation of bar-coded medication administration. Canadian Journal of Nursing Informatics, 8(1-2).
Welsh, W. N., & Harris, P. W. (2016). Criminal Justice Policy and Planning: Planned Change. Routledge.
Wren, A. (2012). Three Care Delivery Models Transforming Health Care. Optum. Retrieved 25 August, 2018 from: https://www.optum.com/resources/library/three-care-delivery-models-transforming-health-care.html

Introduction
In the American civil war era, “nurses” were largely upper- and middle- class white-American females. The profession of nursing was yet to be instituted, with a majority of individuals who assumed the nursing role being required to learn in the process of performing their everyday tasks. Armed forces hospitals were only just seeing the entry of female nursing staff, as, traditionally, recuperating soldiers filled a majority of nursing posts, particularly on the field which was regarded as inappropriate for females (Cashin, 2016; Hallett, 2014). But together with female nurses, others belonging to different backgrounds, serving in the role of laundress, matron, cook, etc., carried out much the same duties. In this essay, nursing advantages and contributions in wartime will be examined.
Contributions
Nursing staff offered their services in every kind of hospital: traveling hospitals, operation teams, hospital ships, hospital trains, base hospitals, recuperation hospitals, field hospitals, evacuation units and camp hospitals…

References
Cashin, J. E. (2016). Civil War Nurse Narratives, 1863–1870 by Daneen Wardrop. Ohio Valley History, 16(3), 97-98.
Hallett, C. E. (2014). Veiled warriors: Allied nurses of the First World War. OUP Oxford.
McKay, J. (2014). A women\\\\'s tribute to war. Fryer Folios, 9(1), 7-9.
Rees, P. (2014). The Other Anzacs: Nurses at War 1914-1918. Allen & Unwin.
Threat, C. J. (2015). Nursing civil rights: Gender and race in the army nurse corps. University of Illinois Press.
 

Reflection Paper on the Collaborative Nurse-Client Relationship
Introduction
The collaborative nurse-client relationship (CNCR) is vitally important in achieving high quality of care in the field of nursing. However, as Feo, Rasmussen, Wiechula, Conroy and Kitson (2017) point out, developing these type of therapeutic relationship is not without its challenges. Putting the patient at the center of the care process and working with the patient so that the client takes ownership of his or her own care process and is involved in the decision-making process is the best way to ensure optimal care. Collaboration is a crucial concept in nursing (Trautman, 2017), and when it comes to developing the nurse-client relationship it is no less vital than it is when it comes to collaborating with other health care professionals. As Burger (2018) puts it, “Nurses must get buy-in from patients when it comes to their care. As any nurse will tell you, it’s…

References
Burger, C. (2018). The Importance of the Nurse-Patient Relationship for Patient Care. Retrieved from https://www.registerednursing.org/importance-nurse-patient-relationship-care/
Chiaramonte, D., Kaiser, A., McMath, G., Simone, C. B., Regine, W. F., & Berman, B. (2018). Integrative Wellness for Patients Receiving Proton Therapy: A Patient-Centered Collaboration. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 24(9-10), 1012-1013.
Feo, R., Rasmussen, P., Wiechula, R., Conroy, T., & Kitson, A. (2017). Developing effective and caring nurse-patient relationships. Nursing Standard (2014+), 31(28), 54.
Holder, K. V., & Schenthal, S. J. (2007). Watch your step: nursing and professional boundaries. Nursing Management, 38(2), 24-29.
Mulder, B. C., Lokhorst, A. M., Rutten, G. E., & van Woerkum, C. M. (2015). Effective nurse communication with type 2 diabetes patients: a review. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 37(8), 1100-1131.
Pullen Jr, R. L., & Mathias, T. (2010). Fostering therapeutic nurse-patient relationships. Nursing Made Incredibly Easy! 8(3), 4.
Trautman, D. (2017). Collaboration: The key to healthcare transformation. Retrieved from https://americannursetoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/ant7-Collaboration-621.pdf

Introduction
One of the main objectives of the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion’s Healthy People 2020 campaign is to increase access to care for patients (ODPHP, 2018). However, with more and more primary care physicians leaving primary care for specialized medicine, there is a gap in care coverage. That gap could be filled if advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) were permitted to practice to the full extent of their education and training—but they are not. The Institute of Medicine (IOM, 2010) recommends that they should and gives explicit steps on how that recommendation can come about.
Selected Recommendation
Recommendation #1: “Remove scope-of-practice barriers. Advanced practice registered nurses should be able to practice to the full extent of their education and training. To achieve this goal, the committee recommends the following actions” (IOM, 2010, p. 1).
Background
The field of nursing was originally promoted to help fill the gap…

References
American Association of Nurse Practitioners. (2017). Historical timeline. AANP. Retreived from https://www.aanp.org/all-about-nps/historical-timeline
IOM. (2010). The future of nursing. Retrieved from http://nacns.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/5-IOM-Report.pdf
Mundinger, M. (1994). Advanced-practice nursing—good medicine for physicians? New England Journal of Medicine, 330, 211-214.
O’Brien, J. (2003). How nurse practitioners obtained provider status: Lessons for pharmacists. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 60(22), 2301-2307.
ODPHP. (2018). Access to health services. Retrieved from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/Access-to-Health-Services
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. (2015). More states removing barriers to nurses’ scope of practice. Retrieved from https://www.rwjf.org/en/library/articles-and-news/2015/07/more-states-removing-barriers.html
Szabo, L. (2014). Cost of not caring: Nowhere to go. Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/05/12/mental-health-system-crisis/7746535/

A summary of the issue and the middle-range theory that could be used
There has been a disturbing trend of both surplus and shortage of nurses at different times throughout the healthcare workforce history in the US. There was a nursing shortage in the early parts of 2000s (Snavely, 2016). While there is already a moratorium regarding nursing shortage at the moment, the situation is likely to worsen in future because of a number of factors. The first cause is that since there is a recovery from the 2008/2009 recession in process, there is a likelihood that nurses who picked up their tools and went to work during the recession will revert to their statuses before the recession. It was estimated that 120 000 Registered Nurses will leave the nursing profession by the year 2015 (Auerbach, Buerhaus & Staiger, 2015). Such an eventuality will lead to the nursing situation as…

References
Auerbach, D. I., Buerhaus, P. I., & Staiger, D. O. (2015). Will the RN workforce weather the retirement of the baby boomers? Medical Care, 53(10), 850-856.
Cox, P., Willis, W. K., & Coustasse, A. (2014). The American epidemic: The US nursing shortage and turnover problem.
Grant, R. (2016). The US is running out of nurses. The Atlantic.
Hughes, V. (2017). Leadership Strategies to Promote Nurse Retention. Sci J Nurs Pract. 1(1): 001-005.
Jackson, J. C., Santoro, M. J., Ely, T. M., Boehm, L., Kiehl, A. L., Anderson, L. S., & Ely, E. W. (2014). Improving Patient Care Through the Prism of Psychology: application of Maslow’s Hierarchy to Sedation, Delirium and Early Mobility in the ICU. Journal of Critical Care, 29(3), 438–444.
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370-96.
Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper and Row.
Maslow, A.H. (1987). Motivation and Personality. (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Harper & Row.

Applying Theory to a Practice Problem: Part 1: Introduction and Problem of Practice
The problem of nurse burnout is one that impacts the nursing industry all over the globe. Researchers have identified the problem and its significance in the U.S., Europe, the Middle East, and Asia (Henry, 2014; Canada-De la Fuente, Varga, San Luis, Garcia, Canadas & Emilia, 2015; Wang, Liu & Wang, 2015; Sadati, Rahnavard, Heydari, Hemmati, Ebrahimzadeh & Lankarani, 2017). Nursing burnout can lead to higher costs for health care facilities, as burnout typically leads to higher turnover and higher turnover to the need for more training and expenditure on staffing. Nursing burnout can also impact care given to patients as it can result in compassion fatigue (Henry, 2014). There are numerous indicators of burnout among nurses but how to address it and reduce the risk of burnout is still unclear (Canadas-De la Fuente et al., 2015).
Burnout…

References
Cañadas-De la Fuente, G. A., Vargas, C., San Luis, C., García, I., Cañadas, G. R., & Emilia, I. (2015). Risk factors and prevalence of burnout syndrome in the nursing profession. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 52(1), 240-249.
Henry, B. J. (2014). Nursing burnout interventions: What is being done?. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 18(2), 211.
Sadati, A. K., Rahnavard, F., Heydari, S. T., Hemmati, S., Ebrahimzadeh, N., & Lankarani, K. B. (2017). Health Sector Reform, Emotional Exhaustion, and Nursing Burnout: A Retrospective Panel Study in Iran. Journal of Nursing Research, 25(5), 368-374.
Wang, S., Liu, Y., & Wang, L. (2015). Nurse burnout: personal and environmental factors as predictors. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 21(1), 78-86.

Peer-Reviewed Nursing Articles
The study by Van Oostveen, Mathijssen and Vermeulen (2015) is characterized as qualitative because its primary objective was to obtain more “in-depth insight” into the experiences and perceptions of nurses regarding nurse overwork. This is a regular aspect of qualitative studies: they do not seek to test a hypothesis or identify a correlation among variables but rather to better understand a phenomenon or gain insight into the subjective experience of a group. Instead of statistical analysis being conducted, the qualitative study typically identifies themes or factors that can help researchers obtain more knowledge on what is most impactful regarding a specific issue. To collect data for the study, researchers conducted focus groups and interviews, which are common qualitative methods for collecting data because they provide opportunities that allow the participants to talk at length and give a great deal of information in their own terms so that…

References
Allen, B. C., Holland, P., & Reynolds, R. (2015). The effect of bullying on burnout in nurses: the moderating role of psychological detachment. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 71(2), 381-390. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/bfa0/a66f81e5930599df9391ccdf504c3cf1aac2.pdf
Curtis, K., Fry, M., Shaban, R. Z., & Considine, J. (2017). Translating research findings to clinical nursing practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 26(5-6), 862-872.
Dikko, M. (2016). Establishing construct validity and reliability: Pilot testing of a qualitative interview for research in Takaful (Islamic insurance). The Qualitative Report, 21(3), 521-528.
Khamisa, N., Oldenburg, B., Peltzer, K., & Ilic, D. (2015). Work related stress, burnout, job satisfaction and general health of nurses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(1), 652-666.
Van Oostveen, C. J., Mathijssen, E., & Vermeulen, H. (2015). Nurse staffing issues are just the tip of the iceberg: A qualitative study about nurses’ perceptions of nurse staffing. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 52(8), 1300-1309. http://daneshyari.com/article/preview/1076172.pdf

Taking a Stand (Leadership)
In nursing, one is bound to encounter a wide range of moral and ethical challenges. This is more so the case given that as nurses, we often have to work with various kinds of people, often during challenging moments in their lives. All these people have personal expectations and demands. Trying to balance these demands and harmonize the various needs of those we come across could be a challenge. This is more so the case given that we also have to take into consideration the interests of other stakeholders in the entire care-giving equation. In the final analysis, this means that from time to time, we encounter situations that call upon us to reconcile our nursing profession duties and obligations with our personal or individual values. It should be noted that when it comes to navigating the ethical and moral minefield, the relevance of the nursing…

References
Burman, M.E. & Dunphy, L.M. (2011). Reporting Colleague Misconduct in Advanced Practice Nursing. Journal of Nursing Regulation, 1(4), 26-31.
Mansbach, A., Kushnir, T., Ziedenberg, H. & Bachner, Y.G. (2014). Reporting Misconduct of a Coworker to Protect a Patient: A Comparison between Experienced Nurses and Nursing Students. The Scientific World Journal, 4(8), 84-97.
Maurits, E.M., Veer, A.J., Groenewegem, P.P. & Francke, A.L. (2016). Dealing with Professional Misconduct by Colleagues in Home Care: A Nationwide Survey among Nursing Staff. BMC Nursing, 15(9), 59-68.
Smith, M.J., Carpenter, R. & Fitzpatrick, J.J. (Eds.). (2015). Encyclopedia of Nursing Education. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.

How Does the Nurse Protect the Image of the Profession during Care Delivery
The nursing profession remains one of the most trusted vocations, and as a matter of fact, it has been rated as such several times in the past. It is, however, important to note that despite being a highly fulfilling job, nursing is also one of the most demanding occupations. Regardless, nurses ought to ensure that they not only play a central role in the promotion of health, but also work towards helping those under their care in the alleviation of suffering caused by illness. In general, in seeking to protect the image of the profession during the delivery of care, nurses must abide by the nursing code of ethics which, according to Epstein (2015), “describes the profession’s values, obligations, duties, and professional ideals.”
Further, a nurse should, during the delivery of care, demonstrate superior emotional stability. This…

References
Epstein, B. (2015). The Nursing Code of Ethics. Retrieved from  http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-20-2015/No2-May-2015/The-Nursing-Code-of-Ethics-Its-Value-Its-History.html 

The four categories derived from the questionnaire are: Shared decision-making, Leadership and Safety, Well-being, and Professional development. The selected administration theories are: Innovation leadership, Transformational leadership, and Strategic leadership.
The first category is Shared decision-making and goes well with strategic leadership. One of the questions that fit well into this category from the self-assessment is: “2. Are staff nurses involved in decision-making and all phases of projects that affect nursing, including quality processes?”. People within an organization must all take an active role regarding the decision-making process. This especially rings true for complex decisions. Strategic leadership is an administration theory that suggests the ability for everyone to work together to initiate change. “a person’s ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, think strategically, and work with others to initiate changes that will create a viable future for the organization” (Wang, 2018, p. 29). When looking at the theory, there is a…

References
Amanchukwu, R. N., Stanley, G. S., & Ololube, N. P. (2015). A Review of Leadership Theories, Principles and Styles and Their Relevance to Educational Management. Management, 5(1), 6-14.
Morrill, R. L. (2010). Strategic leadership: Integrating strategy and leadership in colleges and universities. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Northouse, P. G. (2012). Leadership: Theory and practice. SAGE.
Wang, V. C. (2018). Strategic leadership. Charlotte, NC: IAP, Information Age Publishing, Inc.

Reflection
In seeking to transition fully to nurse leader, I’ve had to not only make several adaptations, but also gain new competencies and skills. This is more so the case given that the role calls for greater responsibilities, and as Shelley (2013) points out, new nurse leaders “require a solid knowledge base of effective leadership practices.” In essence, as a nurse leader, I not only have to promote the general wellbeing of patients, but to also advance the interests of nurses and the profession at large. Towards this end, some of my most prominent roles include, but they are not limited to, the evaluation of policy structures, processes, as well as outcomes. Amongst other things, this ought to be geared towards the promotion of optimal resource allocation and advance better patient outcomes, while at the same time ensuring that the environment in which nurses serve is not only positive, but…

Self Development Leadership Plan: Overview
Using self-assessment tools like the Strengths Finder and the Emotional Intelligence Tool, I have initiated the process of change that will enhance my leadership capacities. I learned through these tools my strengths and weaknesses, and this knowledge helped me to develop specific strategies for change. The strengths finder tool showed that I have great restorative strength; that I interact harmoniously with others and seek solutions through collaboration and mediation. I also learned that one of my strengths is the ability to contextualize and analyze current situations based on based experiences and events. This is not the same as dwelling; this strength refers to the broad meta-analyses needed to understand a current problem. The past provides us with tools and lessons. Even when we dealt with a past situation poorly, we can learn from our mistakes and make different moves now. Another strength revealed in the…

References
Cho, Y., Harrist, S., Steele, M., & Murn, L. T. (2015). College student motivation to lead in relation to basic psychological need satisfaction and leadership self-efficacy. Journal of College Student Development, 56(1), 32-44.
Chollet, M., Wörtwein, T., Morency, L. P., et al. (2015, September). Exploring feedback strategies to improve public speaking: an interactive virtual audience framework. In Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (pp. 1143-1154). ACM.
Ren, S., Collins, N., & Zhu, Y. (2014). Leadership self?development in C hina and V ietnam. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 52(1), 42-59.
Shamir, B., & Eilam-Shamir, G. (2018). “What’s your story?” A life-stories approach to authentic leadership development. In Leadership Now: Reflections on the Legacy of Boas Shamir(pp. 51-76). Emerald Publishing Limited.
Seibert, S. E., Sargent, L. D., Kraimer, M. L., & Kiazad, K. (2017). Linking Developmental Experiences to Leader Effectiveness and Promotability: The Mediating Role of Leadership Self?Efficacy and Mentor Network. Personnel Psychology, 70(2), 357-397.

Because any nurse dedicated to evidence-based practice should be wary of jumping to conclusions and presuming a causal relationship between the workplace environment and the client’s health, it is recommended to perform thorough risk assessments and ideally collaborate with environmental health specialists who may be able to perform actual analyses of potential contaminants, irritants, or anything measurable. “Risk assessors should have a basic grounding in epidemiology, toxicology and chemistry,” which is why the scope of this risk assessment may be beyond the role of a nurse practitioner (“Environmental Health Risk Assessment,” 2012). Actual environmental health risk assessments are systematic and rigorous, including “the process of estimating the potential impact of a chemical, physical, microbiological or psychosocial hazard on a specified human population or ecological system under a specific set of conditions and for a certain time frame,” (“Environmental Health Risk Assessment,” 2012, p. 3). There are two main components to…

References

“Environmental Health Risk Assessment,” (2012). Retrieved online:  http://ww2.health.wa.gov.au/~/media/Files/Corporate/general%20documents/Environmental%20health/Health%20risk%20assesment/Guidelines-for-Assessing-Human-Health.ashx 
Environmental Protection Agency (2017). Human health risk assessment. Retrieved online:  https://www.epa.gov/risk/human-health-risk-assessment 
Frumkin, H. (2016). Environmental Health. John Wiley.
 

In essence, implicit as well as explicit biases are inclusive of the various associations made by a health care practitioner that could effectively result in the negative evaluation of an individual on the basis of a wide range of features including, but not limited to, gender, sexual orientation, and race (Rosa, 2016). Numerous studies have in the past indicated that indeed, biases can impact outcomes in various nursing practice settings. In one such study, FitzGerald and Hurst (2017) found out that there is sufficient evidence indicating that there are no significant differences between the bias levels exhibited by healthcare professionals and those exhibited by the general population. Implicit bias could, for instance, take place “between a group or category attribute, such as being black, and a negative evaluation (implicit prejudice) or another category attribute, such as being violent (implicit stereotype)” (FitzGerald and Hurst, 2017, p. 21). It is important to…

References
FitzGerald, C. & Hurst, S. (2017). Implicit Bias in Healthcare Professionals: A Systematic Review. BMC Med Ethics, 18, 19-24.
Rosa, W. (2016). Nurses as Leaders: Evolutionary Visions of Leadership. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.

Nursing Theory Analysis Paper: The Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms
Introduction
The middle-range theory of unpleasant symptoms was developed by Lenz, Suppe, Gift, Pugh and Milligan (1995) in an article entitled “Collaborative Development of Middle-Range Nursing Theories: Toward a Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms” and updated in a follow-up article entitled “Middle-Range Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms: An Update” (Lenz, Pugh, Milligan, Gift & Suppe, 1997). The theory holds that three categories of variables are responsible for affecting the occurrence, intensity, timing, level of distress, and quality of symptoms: 1) physiological factors, 2) psychological factors, and 3) situational factors. In doing so, the theory of unpleasant symptoms addresses the four concepts of nursing metaparadigm: person, environment, health, and nursing. This theory is especially useful in the emergency department (ER), which is the current field in which I work.
Background
The background of the theory of unpleasant symptoms is situated in the need identified by…

References
IOM. (2010). The future of nursing. Retrieved from http://nacns.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/5-IOM-Report.pdf
E. Lenz & L. Pugh. (2010). Nurses info. Retrieved from http://www.nurses.info/nursing_theory_midrange_theories_lenz_pugh.htm
Lee, S., Vincent, C., & Finnegan, L. (2017). An analysis and evaluation of the theory of unpleasant symptoms. Advances in Nursing Science, 40(1), 16-39.
Lenz, E. R., Suppe, F., Gift, A. G., Pugh, L. C., & Miligan, R. A. (1995). Collaborative development of middle-range nursing theories: Toward a theory of unpleasant symptoms. Advances in Nursing Science, 17(3), 1-13.
Lenz, E. R., Pugh, L. C., Milligan, R. A., Gift, A., & Suppe, F. (1997). The middle-range theory of unpleasant symptoms: an update. Advances in Nursing Science, 19(3), 14-27.

Curriculum Design
Introduction
As Terzioglu, Tuna and Duygulu (2013) state, “learning from experience is an important part of nursing education [and] using simulation as an innovative teaching strategy in nursing education” is an effective way to reinforce technique, principles, knowledge, skills and practice (p. 34). Simulation gives nursing students the opportunity to engage with real world dynamics in a controlled environment where they can receive immediate feedback following their active learning experience. This curriculum is designed to engage students in the art of simulation, and to highlight the importance of realistic experiences in the learning process.
Need for This Program
Nguyen et al. (2009) note that clinical knowledge and the skills and experience needed to treat patients with sepsis is lacking in the nursing field. This program has been developed to address this gap. Ortiz-Ruiz et al. (2018) have stated that “simulation is an efficient method for teaching in sepsis”…

References
Beasley, S. F., Farmer, S., Ard, N., & Nunn-Ellison, K. (2018). Systematic Plan of Evaluation Part I: Assessment of End-of-Program Student Learning Outcomes. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 13(1), 3-8.
Knowles, M. (1984). Andragogy in action. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Munshi, F., Lababidi, H., & Alyousef, S. (2015). Low-versus high-fidelity simulations in teaching and assessing clinical skills. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 10(1), 12-15.
Nguyen, H. B., Daniel-Underwood, L., Van Ginkel, C., Wong, M., Lee, D., San Lucas,A., ... & Clem, K. (2009). An educational course including medical simulation for early goal-directed therapy and the severe sepsis resuscitation bundle: an evaluation for medical student training. Resuscitation, 80(6), 674-679.
Nursing Theorists. (2011). Retrieved from http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/nursing_theorists.html
Ortiz-Ruiz, G., Maestre, J. M., Szyld, D., Del Moral, I., Rudolph, J. W., & Díaz, G. (2018). Simulation and Sepsis: What Is the Best Evidence?. In Sepsis (pp. 151-166). Springer, New York, NY.
Terzioglu, F., Tuna, Z., Duygulu, S. et al. (2013). Use of simulation in nursing education. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 2(1): 34-41.
Why is Teamwork in Health Care Important? (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.hrhresourcecenter.org/HRH_Info_Teamwork.html

Introduction
Incivility is a problem in many nursing workplaces around the world and it is a problem because people from time to time forget what it is they are there to do. The nurse is there to serve the patient and to support other nurses in their duties to the patient. However, nurses can become unhappy, dissatisfied, angry and unfriendly. They can bully one another, neglect one another, and cause emotional harm in the workplace. Incivility can lead to declines in nursing quality care (Lachman, 2015). This paper will define the issue of incivility, describe its importance to nursing, provide an example of it in a short story, explain how a healthful environment can be created, and, finally, discuss the practice application of this issue on nursing.
Issue of Incivility
What is incivility? The American Nurses Association (2015) has defined it as a complex manifestation of disregard and insensitivity for…

References
American Nurses Association. (2015). Professional issues panel on incivility, bullying, and workplace violence. Retrieved from https://www.nursingworld.org/~49baac/globalassets/practiceandpolicy/nursing-excellence/official-policy-statements/ana-wpv-position-statement-2015.pdf
Bergum, S. K., Canaan, T., Delemos, C., Gall, E. F., McCracken, B., Rowen, D., ... & Wiens, K. (2017). Implementation and evaluation of a peer review process for advanced practice nurses in a university hospital setting. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 29(7), 369-374.
Lachman, V. D. (2015). Ethical issues in the disruptive behaviors of incivility, bullying, and horizontal/lateral violence. Urologic Nursing, 35(1), 39–42.
Manojlovich, M., & Ketefian, S. (2016). The effects of organizational culture on nursing professionalism: Implications for health resource planning. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research Archive, 33(4), 15-33.
Stanton, C. (2015). Action needed to stop lateral violence in the perioperative setting. AORN journal, 101(5), P7-P9.

Title
A well-written title serves two fundamental purposes in research. The first purpose of the title is to provide a “clear statement to the reader of what to expect,” and the second purpose is to “help someone searching for an article on your topic area to find your paper,” (“What Makes a Good Title?” 2013). A clever title might not serve either of these purposes, which is why authors like Rejno, Nordin, Forsgren, et al (2017) opt for a straightforward and explicit title. The full title of the research is “Nursing students' attendance at learning activities in relation to attainment and passing courses: A prospective quantitative study.” Although clunky and lacking imagination, the title does fulfill the primary functions of alerting the reader what they can expect from the article, and making the article relatively easy to find in academic or peer-reviewed databases. In fact, the authors even point out…

References
Andrade, C. (2011). How to write a good abstract for a scientific paper or conference presentation. Indian Journal of Psychiatry 53(2): 172-175.
Greenhalgh, T. (2010). How to read a paper: The basics of evidence-based medicine. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
Rejno, A., Nordin, P., Forsgren, S., et al. (2017). Nursing students\\' attendance at learning activities in relation to attainment and passing courses: A prospective quantitative study. Nurse Education Today 50(2017): 36-41.
“What Makes a Good Title?” (2013). Health Information and Libraries Journal 30, pp. 259-260.

Learning Theory and Practice
The humanistic theory of learning puts the recipient of the learning at the center of the learning process—i.e., the individual is the focus rather than the environment, the nurse, the situation, etc. This stems from the person-centered approach that Rogers (1951) developed, describing it as “the best vantage point for understanding behavior is from the internal frame of reference of the individual” (p. 495).
The main advantages of humanistic theory are that: 1) it offers a learner-centered approach to learning that allows the needs of the individual learner to be front and center, and 2) it assists in the development of adequate motivation, relationship-building, communication, and self-efficacy (Halstead, 2007).
When developing a target change to a patient lifestyle, humanistic theory is especially helpful because it allows the patient’s needs to be identified and addressed first and foremost. For example, a patient who is obese may need…

References
Halstead, J. (2007). Nurse Educator Competencies: Creating an Evidence-Based Practice for Nurse Educators. New York, NY: National League for Nursing.
Rogers, C. (1951). Client-Centered Therapy. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.

Labor unions are employee organizations established for safeguarding and promoting member interests. In most instances, union advocacy entails collective bargaining that aims to improve personnel working conditions, hours, benefits, and wages (Full Beaker, 2017). When it comes to the field of nursing, unions work more rigorously in the event of a dearth of nursing staff, as nursing practitioners do not wish to jeopardize their jobs in a period of job scarcity (Marquis & Huston, 2017).
I am a cardiac nurse employed at XYZ hospital. In my workplace, unions have a central part to play. Union involvement in our hospital system benefits nursing staff as well as the overall healthcare system. Unions’ presence improves job security, wages, salary rise, education reimbursement working conditions, and seniority advantages, among other things.
Not every nurse practitioner is an inborn leader or even wishes to be one; however, every nurse is capable of learning to…

Practicum Journal Entry (Nursing Informatics)
Nurse scheduling can be defined as making a determination as to when a member of a hospital’s nursing staff is supposed to be on duty as well as determining the shift each of the nurses should work (Rowland, 1997). Scheduling is supposed to take into consideration the Nurse’s preferences, length of shift each nurse is supposed to work each day, weekend assignments, and unhealthy patterns in the shifts (Jeffery, Borum & Englebright, 2017). Jeffery, Borum and Englebright (2017) found that In order to review the healthiness of the schedule the unhealthy schedule practice will be converted into metrics. These metrics will be translated into dashboards for comparison over time and between different units.
During my practicum, I observed that nurse schedules were almost static and unchanging despite the fact that at some point the facility would have intermittent high patient traffic. I interacted with several…

References
Aickelin, U., & Dowsland, K. A. (2004). An indirect genetic algorithm for a nurse-scheduling problem. Computers and Operations Research, 31(5), 761–778. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0548(03)00034-0
Cheang, B., Li, H., Lim, A., & Rodrigues, B. (2003). Nurse Rostering problems - A bibliographic survey. European Journal of Operational Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(03)00021-3
Jeffery, I. D., Borum, C., & Englebright, J. (2017). Healthy schedules, healthy nurses. American Nurse Today: Official Journal of Ana, American Nurses Association, 46-47. Vol. 12 No. 10. American nurse today: official journal of ANA. https://www.americannursetoday.com/healthy-schedules-healthy-nurses/
Rowland, H. S. (1997). Nursing administration handbook. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publ.

Communication Even Analysis
This report is to reflect on a particular event that occurred during my placement at a general hospital. The placement afforded me a firsthand experience of the importance of communication skills in nursing practice. Effective communication is an essential component of medical practice which improves the quality of treatment given to patients. It is an integral part of Hippocratic medicine, and it not only inspires a recovery-oriented medical practice but also establishes a trusting patient-care provider relationship. (Kourkota & Papathanasiou 2014 ). It is the best tool for calming an intense atmosphere in a healthcare environment, achieving the full cooperation of the patients, and aiding a rapid recovery. Such was my experience with a 43-year-old psychiatrist-patient at the hospital where I had my placement. Jane was a widow, a mother of two children, ages ten and eight. Jane had irritability, restlessness, and some other symptoms of clinical…

References
Chandra, S. Mohammadnezhad, M. and Ward, P. (2018). Trust and Communication in a DoctorPatient Relationship: A Literature Review. Journal of Healthcare Communications ISSN 2472-1654, 3, 1-6.
http://healthcare-communications.imedpub.com/trust-and-communication-in-a-doctorpatient-relationship-a-literature-review.pdf
Levett-Jones, T. & Bourgeois, S. (2011). The Clinical Placement: An Essential Guide for Nursing Student. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. 2nd Edition.
“Mental health legislation” and psychiatrists: putting the principles into practice (2017). The Royal Australian & New Zealand College of Psychiatrists.
https://www.ranzcp.org/news-policy/policy-submissions-reports/document-library/mental-health-legislation-and-psychiatrists-putti
Kourkota & Papathanasiou (2014). Communication in Nursing Practice. Journal of the Academic of Medical Science of Bosnia and Herzegovina. doi: 10.5455/msm.2014.26.65-671, 65–67. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3990376/
Tollefson, J. & Hillman, E. (2019). Clinical Psychomotor Skills: Assessment Tools for Nurses. 3-Point Standard Assessment, Cengage Learning Australia Pty Limited. 7th edition.

Topic: Leadership Style - nursing
Bring to mind a leader in your healthcare organization. Would you describe his or her style as authoritative, democratic, or laissez-faire? Why?
The leader within my organization carries a democratic leadership model. This is basically the case because the leader consists of a number of other individuals within the process of making decisions to find out what tasks to undertake and the way to get it done. Nevertheless, the obligation and power to make the very last choice stays with the head. The leader reveals the issue to the team, asking for tips on how to resolve it. Right after listening to the group's points of views and recommendations, the leader helps make the final decision (Civil Patrol Air).
Furthermore, the democratic leader is extremely receptive and collegial in managing a group. Concepts move easily among the team and therefore are reviewed freely. Everybody is…

References
Leadership Styles: Democratic Leadership Style (2016). Retrieved 18 April 2018 from http://www.leadership-toolbox.com/democratic-leadership-style.html
Civil Patrol Air (n.d.) Leadership Styles and Traits. Retrieved 18 April 2018 from https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/Leadership_Traits_and_Leadership_st_3DC89AFC57F57.pdf

Introduction
Research substantiates that patient results are enhanced when the nurses practice in way that is based on evidence. Delineated as a method for resolving issues faced in medical care that integrates the meticulous use of prevailing best practice adopted from scientific studies, the specialty together with patient ideals and predilections of a clinician, evidence-centered practice has been demonstrated to augment patient safety, enhance clinical results, decrease healthcare expenses and also diminish variation in patient results. The significance and implementation of EBP is authenticated. Nonetheless, obstacles to extensive use of prevailing research evidence in nursing are present, comprising of the articulacy and acquaintance level of clinical nurses (Black et al., 2015).
Summary of Key Points of the Article
The main objective of the article was to assess the impact of a research training program on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the clinician associated to research as well as evidence-based…

References
Black, A. T., Balneaves, L. G., Garossino, C., Puyat, J. H., & Qian, H. (2015). Promoting evidence-based practice through a research training program for point-of-care clinicians. The Journal of nursing administration, 45(1), 14.
University of Saint Mary. (2017). 6 Steps of The Evidence-Based Practice Process. Retrieved from: https://online.stmary.edu/msn/resources/evidence-based-practice-for-the-busy-nurse-practitioner
Wallis, L. (2012). Barriers to implementing evidence-based practice remain high for US nurses. AJN The American Journal of Nursing, 112(12), 15.