Osteoporosis Essays (Examples)

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Treatment of osteoporosis revolves around specific calcium and vitamin D medication programs but first and foremost in importance is the institution of regular, healthy and appropriately strenuous exercise. This helps to strengthen both muscle support for fragile bones and improves ambulatory abilities to the end of helping to reduce the likelihood of accidents. Additionally, a lifestyle of activity can have decidedly positive preventative properties as well, serving as one of many imperatives to commit to regular exercise.

So is this also the case with respect to nutrition. Dietary habits are both a significant part of prevention and treatment. ith respect to the latter, sources on dealing with osteoporosis indicate that there are specific eating patterns which one can commit to as a way of fighting the conditions effects. Accordingly, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2004) indicates that "since many nutrients are important for bone health, it is important….

Osteoporosis
In a healthy adult the skeleton is maintained through a process of complementary bone resorption and deposition (Das & Crockett, 2013). The two cell types responsible for this process are the multinucleated osteoclasts derived from the blood and resident osteoblasts. In the course of normal living the skeleton will develop localized, stress-induced microfractures, which trigger resident osteocytes to signal for help from the osteoclasts. The osteoclasts arrive and begin to degrade old bone, while osteoblasts engage in the regeneration process.

As people age the balance between mineralized bone resorption and deposition can become skewed to favor resorption over deposition (Das & Crockett, 2013). This is especially true for post-menopausal women because estrogen has been shown to be essential for maintaining a healthy balance between osteoclast and osteoblast activity. This case study examines a 65-year-old woman who has been diagnosed with osteoporosis using a bone density scan. The meaning and implications of….

Osteoporosis
Pathophysiology: Osteoporosis

Presentation of the disease

Osteoporosis is a disease in which the body fails to regenerate enough bone to replace the bone mass that is lost when the body reabsorbs the tissue as part of the natural cycle of bone regeneration. "Bone is living tissue, which is constantly being absorbed and replaced" (Osteoporosis, 2011, Mayo Clinic: Definition). "When you're young, your body makes new bone faster than it breaks down old bone and your bone mass increases. Most people reach their peak bone mass by their early 20s" (Osteoporosis, 2011, Mayo Clinic: Causes). Initially, the disease may not present any symptoms for many years. Some patients do not know they have the condition until they experience an unexpected bone break after a minor trauma or during daily activities. Other symptoms include loss of height, back pain from degeneration of the bone of the vertebrae or stooped posture (Osteoporosis, 2011, Mayo Clinic:….

More than half of all men who undergo a hip fracture go from the hospital to a nursing home, and 79% of those who endure for one year still live in nursing homes or transitional care facilities.
Osteoporosis is a major threat to more than 2 million men in the United States. In spite of these facts, as per a 1996 Gallup Poll, many men still view osteoporosis as a women's disease. Only very few men know that this disease is a major threat to their mobility and freedom. For a majority of the people, bone mass increases during the third decade of life. Men naturally have gathered more bone mass by this age in comparison to women. After this point, the amount of bone in the skeleton naturally starts declining slowly as removal of old bone surpasses the creation of new bone. Men in the 50s do not undergo….

Osteoporosis is a disease in which bones become fragile and are, therefore, more likely to break (NOF, 2004). Thus, the common perception that bones are inert structures, like wooden beams, is incorrect. For, a bone is actually a living tissue, which is constantly being remodeled. After age 35, however, on the average a little more bone is lost each year than is gained during this remodeling. Between 40 and 50, men characteristically lose 0.5 to 0.75% of bone mass yearly, while women lose it at more than twice that rate. Bones that were once sturdy may become lighter and fragile, with their interiors resembling lacy honeycombs. The rate of natural loss increases substantially after age 50. If its severe enough, the thinned-out bones become porous, and osteoporosis develops, which literally means bone porosity (Walford, 2000, p. 131).
Consequences and Implications: Osteoporosis is often called the "silent disease" because bone loss occurs….

This study was a "randomized population-based open trial."
The group in this study (287 women) received cholecalciferol 800 IU plus calcium 1,000 mg for 3 years. The women were all between the ages of 66 to 71 years. The "control group" (306 women) received nothing, no vitamins or calcium. The authors of this article assert in a "working hypothesis" that "daily vitamin D and calcium supplementation have a positive effect on the skeleton in ambulatory postmenopausal women" (Karkkainen, p. 1).

The total body bone density mass increased "significantly more in the intervention group than in the control group," the author conclude, and hence the evidence shows that by taking Vitamin D daily -- and by taking calcium as well -- can have a positive effect on the skeleton, for women who are postmenopausal.

Osteoporosis in Younger omen: In her book, omen's Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nadya Swedan explains that some young females….

esearch has shown that resistive exercise in strength training increases strength in the extensor lumbar muscles and reduces the incidence of vertebral fractures (Lirani-Galvao & Lazaretti-Castro, 2010). This demonstrates that resistive strength training prevents the loss of bone mass, maintains bone mass, improves balance and reduces the likelihood of falls (Lirani-Galvao & Lazaretti-Castro, 2010). Strength training exercise that is high impact and intense can reduce back pain and improve bone mineral density in the hips and spine for women in their early post-menopausal years that are at high risk of developing osteoporosis (Lirani-Galvao & Lazaretti-Castro, 2010).
However, other types of exercise have been shown to potentially more effective than strength training for the maintenance of bone mineral density in post-menopausal women. Stengel et al. (2005) investigated the difference between strength training and power training in their effectiveness as interventions for the maintenance of bone mineral density in post-menopausal women. These….

cohort was divided into halves based on median intakes for protein and calcium. Those with high protein intakes would have tended to be high in both meat and dairy, and those with high calcium intakes would have been high specifically in dairy. Potassium absorption was separately analyzed in those above and below the median intakes for the 2 nutrients. Potassium absorption remained above 90% on both sides of the protein and calcium medians (Table 1), and the small differences between them were not statistically significant. From the failure to find a difference at low and high meat and dairy intakes, it can be concluded that potassium is uniformly well absorbed regardless of dietary source.
A notable feature of the calcium economy is that adjustments of calcium absorption and excretion can diminish the impact of a high calcium intake or compensate for a low calcium intake. Quantifying various nutrient and whole-food….

They are most effective in the spine, which is the most common site of osteoporotic fracture. The role of adequate calcium intake has always been mentioned as most essential in the growth and development of all normal tissues, including bone. A low-calcium diet restricts the intake of dairy products, has low amounts of fruits and vegetables, and includes a high intake of low-calcium beverages. Other dietary factors can also affect bone health and accrue to the development of low bone density. Among these are a high-sugar diet, refined grains and flours, caffeine, alcohol and excessive intake of calcium, phosphorous and sodium. Soy has been attracting interest for its likelihood in producing positive effect on bone health. Soybeans contain phytoestrogens called isoflavones and diadzein. Soy is the only dietary source of daidzein. Soy appears to increase the length of the menstrual cycle by one to five days and thus assert….

Therefore, bone density may increase. The goal of treatment with antiresorptive medications is to prevent bone loss and lower the risk of breaking bones (Osteoporosis what is it?, 2008).
Teriparatide, a form of parathyroid hormone, is the first osteoporosis medication to increase the rate of bone formation in the bone remodeling cycle and is in a distinct category of osteoporosis medications called anabolic drugs. This is currently the only osteoporosis medication in the U.S. that rebuilds bone. The goal of treatment with teriparatide is to build bone and lower the risk of breaking bones (Osteoporosis what is it?, 2008).

Other drugs available to help reduce the risk of osteoporosis in older individuals are Alendronate, Risedronate, Raloxifene, and Boniva.

Medicare Fracture Prevention and Osteoporosis Testing Act of 2009

In an effort to protect access to osteoporosis testing, legislation was introduced to reverse the drastic cuts in Medicare reimbursement for DXA. Medicare reimbursement for DXA….

The symptoms become clear when an individual experiences dull pain in the neck and lower back. As the disease develops in an individual, the individual becomes more prone to experiencing sudden pains which cause intense pain in this disease. The pain may continue for more than a couple of months. The disease is also likely to spoil the structure of the body. It is responsible for causing spinal compression and stooped posture. The disease mainly affects the lower back and the waist; people suffering from this disease are likely to facture either their hip or the waist. This usually occurs because of a fall and results in the facture of the hip or the waist. This would not happen in an individual who is not affected by the disease, in the sense that a fall would not be as devastating in an individual who is not suffering from this….

Osteoporosis
Approximately 8 million people in the United States are affected by osteoporosis (Ray, Chan, Thamer, et al., 1997). Of these, 80% are older women (Ray, Chan, Thamer, et al., 1997). In addition to this problem, another 17 million people in this country have low bone mass, which puts them at an increased risk for developing osteoporosis as they get older (Ray, Chan, Thamer, et al., 1997). Every year, 1.5 million broken bones, 500,000 of them spinal fractures and 300,000 of them broken hips, are caused by the disease (Ray, Chan, Thamer, et al., 1997). It has been predicted that 50% of women and 20% of men who are over the age of 65 will have a fracture or broken bone related to osteoporosis at some time throughout their lives (Ray, Chan, Thamer, et al., 1997). The population of the world is increasing, and the life expectancy for people in many….

5 SD below Osteoporosis > 2.5 SD below Severe osteoporosis and fragility fracture > 2.5 SD below BMD = bone mineral density; SD = standard deviation
Beck and Shoemaker (2000) state that "calcium consumption alone is not considered adequate protection against osteoporosis" however calcium does play "an important role in the prevention and management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. " Optimal calcium intake as stated by the National Institutes of Health are those stated for the age and intake as follows:

Hormone Status Age in Years Recommended Daily Calcium Intake (mg)

Premenopausal 11-24 1,400

Premenopausal 25-50 1,000

Premenopausal, pregnant

or lactating 25-50 1,400

Postmenopausal, taking

Estrogen 65 1,500

Calcium intake effectiveness is dependent upon the proper levels of calcium being absorbed by the human body. Vitamin D must be present in the body in sufficient levels in order for the body to absorb calcium. Sunlight results in the synthesis of vitamin D in the body however, even after exposure to sunlight,….

Osteoporosis is a disease which effects bone density in the human body. This increases the risk of fracture. Osteoporosis, means "porous bones," and is essentially a condition that arises when the amount of calcium necessary for bone density and structure slowly decreases and therefore makes the body more vulnerable to fractures. (Osteoporosis) This disease affects a large number of people every year. While commonly those over the age of fifty are most at risk, osteoporosis can also affect much younger people. Statistic show that In the U.S. today,
million individuals already have osteoporosis and 18 million more have low bone mass, placing them at increased risk for this disease. One out of every two women and one in eight men over 50 will have an osteoporosis-related fracture in their lifetime."

(Osteoporosis Overview)

.

Osteoporosis does not affect the organs as such but affects the bone structure and density of skeleton. This may however have….

Therefore, differences caused by calcium supplementation may not be notices. Differences that are more noticeable may be found in a population of women that is calcium deficient prior to the supplementation program.
The Wallace & Ballard study concluded that physical activity and calcium intake could increase bone mass. However, in absence of clinically significant dosage, the results of the study remain subjective. It is not known if patients were able to assess accurately their calcium intake accurately, or if they accurately reported their physical activity.

Both of these studies have merit, even though they reached opposing conclusions about the importance of calcium intake and BMD. Both studies contained numerous confounding variables that could have affected the results and that could have influenced interpretation of the results. From a clinical standpoint, the experimental design is more conclusive. However, these results may have been influenced by a number of confounding variables, such as….

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5 Pages
Term Paper

Nuclear Energy

Osteoporosis

Words: 1459
Length: 5 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Treatment of osteoporosis revolves around specific calcium and vitamin D medication programs but first and foremost in importance is the institution of regular, healthy and appropriately strenuous exercise. This…

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4 Pages
Case Study

Death and Dying  (general)

Osteoporosis in a Healthy Adult the Skeleton

Words: 1324
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Case Study

Osteoporosis In a healthy adult the skeleton is maintained through a process of complementary bone resorption and deposition (Das & Crockett, 2013). The two cell types responsible for this process…

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4 Pages
Research Paper

Death and Dying  (general)

Osteoporosis Pathophysiology Osteoporosis Presentation of the Disease

Words: 1109
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Research Paper

Osteoporosis Pathophysiology: Osteoporosis Presentation of the disease Osteoporosis is a disease in which the body fails to regenerate enough bone to replace the bone mass that is lost when the body reabsorbs…

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9 Pages
Term Paper

Death and Dying  (general)

Osteoporosis Definition of Osteoporosis Osteoporosis

Words: 4085
Length: 9 Pages
Type: Term Paper

More than half of all men who undergo a hip fracture go from the hospital to a nursing home, and 79% of those who endure for one year…

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4 Pages
Term Paper

Death and Dying  (general)

Osteoporosis Is a Disease in Which Bones

Words: 1248
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Osteoporosis is a disease in which bones become fragile and are, therefore, more likely to break (NOF, 2004). Thus, the common perception that bones are inert structures, like wooden…

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3 Pages
Article Review

Sports - Women

Osteoporosis in Women Osteoporosis Is

Words: 1005
Length: 3 Pages
Type: Article Review

This study was a "randomized population-based open trial." The group in this study (287 women) received cholecalciferol 800 IU plus calcium 1,000 mg for 3 years. The women were…

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2 Pages
Essay

Sports

Osteoporosis and Resultant Factors Due

Words: 586
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Essay

esearch has shown that resistive exercise in strength training increases strength in the extensor lumbar muscles and reduces the incidence of vertebral fractures (Lirani-Galvao & Lazaretti-Castro, 2010). This…

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2 Pages
Term Paper

Business - Miscellaneous

Osteoporosis and Nutrition the Condition

Words: 978
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Term Paper

cohort was divided into halves based on median intakes for protein and calcium. Those with high protein intakes would have tended to be high in both meat and…

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10 Pages
Term Paper

Business - Miscellaneous

Osteoporosis in the U S Osteoporosis

Words: 3143
Length: 10 Pages
Type: Term Paper

They are most effective in the spine, which is the most common site of osteoporotic fracture. The role of adequate calcium intake has always been mentioned as most…

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3 Pages
Thesis

Death and Dying  (general)

Osteoporosis Is a Debilitating Disease

Words: 1239
Length: 3 Pages
Type: Thesis

Therefore, bone density may increase. The goal of treatment with antiresorptive medications is to prevent bone loss and lower the risk of breaking bones (Osteoporosis what is it?,…

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4 Pages
Research Proposal

Disease

Osteoporosis Affects the Bones of

Words: 1900
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Research Proposal

The symptoms become clear when an individual experiences dull pain in the neck and lower back. As the disease develops in an individual, the individual becomes more prone…

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5 Pages
Term Paper

Death and Dying  (general)

Osteoporosis Approximately 8 Million People in the

Words: 1670
Length: 5 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Osteoporosis Approximately 8 million people in the United States are affected by osteoporosis (Ray, Chan, Thamer, et al., 1997). Of these, 80% are older women (Ray, Chan, Thamer, et al.,…

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4 Pages
Term Paper

Genetics

Osteoporosis & Maximizing Bone Density

Words: 1160
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Term Paper

5 SD below Osteoporosis > 2.5 SD below Severe osteoporosis and fragility fracture > 2.5 SD below BMD = bone mineral density; SD = standard deviation Beck and Shoemaker (2000)…

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4 Pages
Term Paper

Health - Nutrition

Osteoporosis Is a Disease Which Effects Bone

Words: 1124
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Osteoporosis is a disease which effects bone density in the human body. This increases the risk of fracture. Osteoporosis, means "porous bones," and is essentially a condition that arises…

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2 Pages
Research Proposal

Health - Nursing

Osteoporosis Reducing Osteoporosis Risk by

Words: 665
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Research Proposal

Therefore, differences caused by calcium supplementation may not be notices. Differences that are more noticeable may be found in a population of women that is calcium deficient prior…

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