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Parental Involvement
Cripps, K. & Zyromski, B. (2009). Adolescents' psychological well-being and perceived parental involvement: Implications for parental involvement in middle schools. MLE Online 33(4).
In "Adolescents' Psychological Well-Being and Perceived Parental Involvement: Implications for Parental Involvement in Middle Schools," Cripps & Zyromski (2009) perform an analysis of prior literature on appropriate styles and levels of parental involvement with their middle school-aged children. The review of literature has methodological limitations in that specific variables are not controlled for, and several of the studies cited did not yield verifiable or statistically significant results. However, the agglomerate research does reveal trends that have useful implications for parents, teachers, and school administrators.
The purpose of the Cripps & Zyromski (2009) article is stated as being to "discuss possible applications…to increase parental involvement in middle schools by developing home and school relationships," (p. 2). There are two core research questions guiding the Cripps &…
References
Cripps, K. & Zyromski, B. (2009). Adolescents' psychological well-being and perceived parental involvement: Implications for parental involvement in middle schools. RMLE Online 33(4).
"Parent Involvement at the Middle School Level," (n.d.). Access Eric. Retrieved online: http://www.middleweb.com/ParntInvl.html
Shellenbarger, S. (2009). How parents can best help middle-schoolers. The Juggle. Retrieved online: http://blogs.wsj.com/juggle/2009/08/12/how-parents-can-best-help-middle-schoolers/#
Parental Participation and Involvement
Statement of Thesis: "Parental involvement" is considered "key" to successfully providing a quality educational future for one's child. Parents play an important role in a child's education. This paper intends to reveal through research, exactly why it is so imperative that a parent become and stay involved in the educational process.
The benefits to be found in the educational system that has active and participant parents and the corresponding research results over the last decade make it clear that "parental involvement" is a necessary and vital activity in the provision of optimum educational factors for students.
This imperative activity should be made a top-priority by parents from the first day of kindergarten and throughout the entirety of the years that will be spent in education of the student preparing them for the world beyond school.
This paper will explore the validity of this statement and will…
Bibliography
Parental Involvement in Education" (2004) NW Research & Learning, Retrieved from the Internet 25 Aug 2004:
http://www.nwrel.org/scp/sirs/3/cu6.html
Parental Involvement and Student Achievement" (2004) Retrieved from the Internet: 26 Aug 2004: ( http://www.sdcoe.k12.ca.us/notes/51/parstu.html .)
Lewis, Cynthia et al., (1994) "Why some parents don't come to school "(Educating for Diversity) May 1994 v51 n8 p50(5) Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development
This research examines the success or failure of an initiative to help improve positive parental participation in their child's academic and behavioral outcomes.
Discussion
A number of initiatives were discovered during the literature review. However, the ones found used a passive approach to parental participation. They did not utilize education of the parents, but relied on conditions and resources within the school setting. This study differs in that it requires an active participatory role by parents. It also adds the educational element lacking in other programs for the same purpose. The addition of the educational as well as action-based elements is expected to have better outcomes on student improvement than more passive approaches to the problem.
Selected Solutions/Calendar Plan
The initiative chosen for the study will be developed through a cooperative effort between teachers, administrators, and the research staff. The proposed calendar would have the initiative ready to institute by…
References
Bolak, K., Blalach, D., & Dunphy, M. (2005). Standards-Based, Thematic Units Integrate the Arts and Energiz4e Students and Teachers. Middle School Journal. 36 (5): 9-19.
Byers, S., Sears, H. & Voyer, S. et al. (2003). An Adolescent Perspective on Sexual Health
Education at School and at Home: II. Middle School Students. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality. 12 (1): 19.
Demaray, K. & Malecki, C. (2003). Perceptions of the Frequency and Importance of Social
Parental Involvement With Educating Children
It takes a village to raise your children, is not only a saying it is a fact. Teachers need the support of the parents and others involved with the child to reinforce what is being taught in the schools. As parents or guardian of children we should take an active role in the education process of our children. We can do so by ensuring their assignments are completed, they are keeping up with their peers and we provide the support necessary to their educators. Children in kindergarten and in first grade especially need involved parents. These are children who are new to formal education. These children need the support and help of their parents or caretakers, to achieve academic success. "Parent involvement in the education of their children, is now recognized as one of the most critical factors influencing student achievement" (Lazar et. al., 1999).…
References
Entwisle et. al. (1987). The Emergent Academic Self-Image of First Graders: Its Response to Social Structure. Child Development. 58 (5) 1190-2007
GAO Report (2007). No Child Left Behind Act, Education actions may help improve implementation and evaluation of supplemental educational services. United States Education and State Social Policy
Gonzalez-DeHass et. al. (2005). Examining the relationship between parental involvement and student motivation. Educational Psychology Review. 17 (2) 99-123
Lazar et. al. (1999). Educating teachers for parent involvement. Contemporary Education. 70 (3)
Parental Involvement in Schools
Research Plan for Quantitative Study:
The basis of this study is to gain a better understanding of why children do better academically if their parents take an interest in their school and participate in school activities (such as meetings, events, committees, etc.). Throughout the course of the study, we hope to determine why parents who come from a higher educational background and income might participate more readily in their children's academic life and why this has such a positive effect on the students. In determining why some parents more readily participate in their children's school activities, we hope to determine if the parents who don't participate do not because of their educational background or because of race and upbringing.
Introduction
Parental involvement in school is extremely important, because students with parents who are involved in their school show fewer signs of behavioral problems, better academic performance…
Overall parental involvement has an effect on the child from the early stage to the secondary stage. Students need the parents for guidance, integrity and confidence to become successful in life because it is not the teachers job to make sure the students have these qualities. "In reality, parent involvement is a more diverse and complex concept than is generally acknowledged" (Dom & Verhoeven, 2006, p.570).
The study will help to determine the reason for the different challenges students may face due to the lack of parental involvement.
esearch Design and Methodology
The proposed study will use a quantitative research design that uses both secondary resources as well as primary data collected specifically for the purposes of this research. The research procedure will proceed in a step-wise fashion, beginning with an exploratory review of the literature to identify common themes and trends in the research concerning current patterns of parental…
References
McDermott, P. & Rothenberg, J. (2000). Why urban parents resist involvement in their
children's elementary education. The Qualitative Report. 5(3/4).
Blasi, M.J. (2001). Rethinking family-school relations: A critique of parental involvement in schooling. Childhood Education, 78(1), 54.
Ainscow, M. & West, M. (Eds.). (2006). Improving Urban Schools: Leadership and Collaboration. Maidenhead, England: Open University Press. Retrieved July 30, 2011, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=111655146
In this way, researchers can control for the effects of socioeconomic status and better extricate the true relationship between parental involvement and academic achievement (Fan & Chen, 2001).
Though the Smith (2006) study seeks in increase parental involvement in the school, it fails to connect the influence increased parental involvement had on had on the academic achievement of the students. The study would be of greater value had if there had been a pre-assessment and a post assessment to ascertain overall student academic gains.
esearch shows that low-income parents want to take part in their children's education. If, however, they perceive that teachers see them negatively, they often feel excluded. Parents identified three essential qualities of teachers they perceived to be good; 1) The teachers displayed respect and love for the children, 2) they communicated frequently with families, and 3) they visited the communities of their students (McCoach et. al.…
References
Fan, X., & Chen, M., (2001, March). Parental involement and students' academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Educational psychology review, Vol. 13, Issue 1, 1-22. Retrieved November 2, 2010 from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=4&hid=109&sid=668f5ae0-25f6-4e0f-a93f-02f7133c3df8%40sessionmgr111
McCoach, D.B., Goldstein, J., Behuniak, P., Reis, S.M., Black, A.C., Sullivan, E.E., & Rambo, K. (2010, Spring). Examing the unexpected: Outlier analyses of factors affecting student achievement. Journal of advanced academics, Vol. 21, Issue 3, 426-468. Retrieved November 2, 2010 from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=5&hid=110&sid=26efac28-b370-41b0-8839-20ac487c381f%40sessionmgr111
Payne, R.K. (1996) A framework for understanding poverty. Highland Texas: aha! Process, Inc.
Smith, J.G., (2006, Spring/Summer). Parental Involement in education among low-income families: A case study. The school community journal. Vol. 16, No.1. 43-56. Retrieved October 31, 2010 from http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/EJ794804.pdf
Parental Involvement on School Performance and ehavior
The concerns raised by a lack of parental involvement in the life of a young child, especially as it relates to schoolwork and behavior, are not new. They have been around ever since schools began to look at what types of influences seemed to matter most to children. However, it has only been in recent years that schools have made more of an attempt to discover what children really need to help them through their school careers. There are several factors, but one of the most important factors, agreed upon by a significant number of educators, is parental involvement.
This does not mean that a parent must come to every school event and chaperone every field trip. Rather, it means that parents who are actively involved in the lives of their children and make sure that they are keeping up in school, doing…
Bibliography
Bartle, S.E., Anderson, S.A., & Sabatelli, R.M. (1989). A model of parenting style, adolescent individuation and adolescent self-esteem: Preliminary findings. Journal of Adolescent Research, 4, 283-298.
Callan, V.J., & Noller, P. (1986). Perceptions of communicative relationships in families with adolescents. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48(4), 813-820.
Catsambis, Sophia. (1995). Parents, Their Children, and Schools. (book reviews). Social Forces (74): 751-753.
Dornbusch, S.M., Ritter, P.L., Leiderman, P.H., Roberts, D.F., & Fraleigh, M.J. (1987). The relation of parenting style to adolescent school performance. Child Development, 58, 1244-1257.
(Bennet 1996)
Negative Factors
The Journal of School Health reported in February 2001 that according to the National Education Goals, every child will start school ready to learn. However, this is unfortunately not always the case because families are not ready to deliver that child prepared for school. Specifically, those without proper socioeconomic support will have conditions outside of the classroom that will lead to an increased chance for academic failure. In communities where social services are provided that might make parental involvement more positive for elementary school students, parents are often unaware of the availability of these services. Additionally, parents may be less likely to participate in their child's schooling because of their own negative school experiences and lack of trust for the school staff. "During parenting programs, parents often described a perceived lack of communication and respect from the teachers, and the teachers often expressed similar frustrations. Staff…
Works Cited
Beale, a.V., & Ericksen-Radtke, M.M. (2001, September)
Preparing students with learning disabilities for college: pointers for parents. (Elementary to Middle School: Part 1). The Exceptional Parent, v31 i9 p64(4).
Bennet, D. (1996, April) Should parents be involved in all school decisions? Yes. NEA Today, v14 n8 p31(1).
Browning, S., McMahon, B, & Rose-Colley, M. (2001, February)
Parental Involvement and Its Influence on the eading Achievement of the 6th Grade Students
The article's source was derived from several resources. Some of which were texts and the other is a group of 48 sixth grade students from whom the study was based on. The article was peer reviewed and featured in a textbook as well as a magazine publication. The research question was structured as a question and given its own mini sub-section, it was indeed clear and stated at the very beginning: "Does parental involvement affect the reading achievement (specifically comprehension) of sixth grade students" (Hawes & Plourde, 2005, p. 219)? The authors' hypothesis had a separate section for the hypothesis and explained, they believed there was no connection between reading attainment and parental participation for sixth grade middle school pupils.
The purpose of the author's study was to "to determine the relationship between reading achievement and…
References
Creswell, J., & Creswell, J. (2007). Qualitative inquiry & research design. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Day, R., & Underwood, A. (1967). Quantitative analysis. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
Feeney, A., & Heit, E. (2007). Inductive reasoning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hawes, C., & Plourde, L. (2005). Parental involvement and its influence on the reading achievement of 6th grade students. Project Innovation (Alabama), 42(1), 219-224. Retrieved from http://www.freepatentsonline.com/article/Reading-Improvement/131130602.html
Family Engagement Plan
Studies have shown that parental involvement has a significant impact on a child’s learning outcomes (Battle-Bailey, 2012). This text seeks to develop a school social worker’s plan for engaging and involving parents in their students’ learning at a high school in Clark County School District in Henderson, NV. Clark County School District student demographics indicate that a majority (46 percent) of the students come from Latina families, with 25 percent and 14 percent coming from white and African-American families respectively (Great Schools, 2020). Further, 67 percent of high school students are from low-income families (Great Schools, 2020). The strategies selected for the family engagement plan need to take these demographic factors into account to be more effective.
Home-Based Family Engagement Activities
One positive strategy for enhancing home-based family engagement is the development and implementation of home-learning toolkits for families (Floyd & Vernon-Dotson, 2009). The kits could be…
References
Battle-Bailey, L. (2012). Review of Research: Interactive Homework for Increasing Parent Involvement and Student Reading Achievement. Childhood Education, 81(1), 36-40.
Colorado Department of Education (CDE) (n.d.). School-Family Partnership Strategies to Enhance Children’s Social Emotional and Academic Growth. CDE. Retrieved from https://www.cde.state.co.us/cdesped/school-familypartnershipstrategies
Floyd, L., & Vernon-Dotson, L. (2009). Using Home Learning Toolkits to Facilitate Family Involvement. Intervention in School and Clinic, 44(3), 160-66.
Grant, K. B., & Ray, J. A. (2018). Home, School, and Community Collaboration: Culturally Responsive Family Engagement (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Great School (2020). Clark County School District. Great Schools. Retrieved from https://www.greatschools.org/nevada/las-vegas/clark-county-school-district/#students
United Way of Southern Nevada (2017). United Way Community-Based Agenda. United Way of Southern Nevada. Retrieved from http://communityconnect.uwsn.org/resource/102509__2017%20Community%20Based%20Agenda%20FINAL.pdf
WestEd (2020). Family Engagement: Academic Parent-Teacher Teams. WestEd. Retrieved from
Types of Parental Involvement and Support that Boost Young Children’s Academic Performance
Introduction
That there is a link between parental support and involvement and students performance is almost incontrovertible. Many studies agree to this and statistical data reveals that most researchers have the same thoughts on the matter (Jeynes, 2015; Wilder, 2013). However, it is not clear as to which kinds of parental involvement and support are effective for which ages and the types of academic performance they affect. This research seeks to find out the kind of parental support and involvement that is efficacious for good student achievement for children who are in grades 3 and 7.
Background and Significance
Studies have persistently revealed that there’s an almost incontestable link between the involvement and support of parents and student achievement. In fact, meta-analyses suggest that parental participation and help affect children’s academic performance across different ages and ethnic groups…
Parent Involvement and Student Achievement
Parental Involvement and Student Academic Achievement
TA administration and staff believe schools are seeing a decrease in parental involvement as students enter high school. Research conducted by the Kentucky Department of Education (KDE) Dropout Prevention Resource Guide (2008) has demonstrated the positive effects of parental involvement in schools.
Parental involvement in the eighth grade had a strong positive effect on the grade point average of 10th graders (Keith, T.Z., Keith, Quirk, Sperduto, Santillo, & Killings, 1998). In contrast, Balen and Moles (1994) and Hurst (2002) suggest when parents have a positive attitude regarding education and demonstrate trust that their children can do well, children perform better in school. However, parental involvement tends to decrease as students become older (p. 3).
Problem Statement
Historical and current studies have investigated the impact of parental involvement and student achievement. Diverse studies have considered how well students perform academically…
On a much larger sample of children (6,400 Americans, 14-18 years old) (Steinberg, 1992) conducted within the same two years that the previous researchers had started their study (1987-1988), Steinberg et al. (1992) found that parental involvement is more likely to promote adolescent school success as long as this academic involvement occurred in the context of an authoritative home environment.
This study was structured so as to examine long-term parenting style, including parental academic involvement with school performance in a sample of high school youth. Nine high schools from Wisconsin and North California were used in this study (Steinberg, 1992). Diversity was achieved as far as possible between different communities, ethnic population, family structures, and socioeconomic status levels. Self-report surveys were filled out by the students on two days of survey administration during the schools years of 1987-1988 and of 1988-1989 (Hill, 2004). In this case, I agree with the emphasis on self-reporting but the analytical framework, again, needs to be much stronger for truly measuring student perceptions as that is where the core of the mechanisms emerges.
The standard active consent form for ethical procedures was not used here since studies have shown that it would screen out individuals with possibly disengaged parents and it was precisely these individuals whom the researchers wished to include. Their procedure, therefore, was to request active consent from adolescents and passive consent from parents
Parental Involvement and Student Success: Article Review
Although parental involvement is usually encouraged by schools, its precise effects upon student achievement remains controversial. In the article, “A New Framework for Understanding Parental Involvement: Setting the Stage for Academic Success,” published in the RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Harris and Robinson (2016) offer a new framework for understanding parental involvement to permit greater systematization in comparisons of studies; their framework is called stage setting, based upon the premise that, “Stage-setters create a life space—the parameters within which the actor’s performance occurs—that corresponds with the intended action” (Harris and Robinson, 2016, p.189). This article reflects the focus of the journal, which is to solicit peer-reviewed articles from academics from fields across multiple disciplines in the social sciences. According to the journal’s published guidelines, all academics within all fields can submit research, and multidisciplinary studies which incorporate multiple…
Parental Involvement in Primary Schooling
The Standpoint
The first years of school is the most important in a child's life. It is during these years that the child establishes his or her academic personality. This is however not all. The years at primary school also helps a child to form and verify the values learned at home. It is therefore extremely important for parents to form a kind of partnership with primary schools. In this way the school and parents together can learn from each other how best to educate the child. Parents are also very important in helping their children with any problems that could be experienced in school. This will not only make the task of the school easier, but also help parents to establish a relationship of trust with the school.
For the years before the start of school, parents are the most important persons in a…
Bibliography
Handy, C. And Aitken, R. 1994. "The organisation of the primary school." In Teaching and Learning in the Primary School. Edited by Andrew Pollard & Jill Bourne. London: Routledge.
Macbeth, A. 1994. "Involving Parents." In Teaching and Learning in the Primary School. Edited by Andrew Pollard & Jill Bourne. London: Routledge.
Mortimore, P., Sammons, P., Stoll, L., Lewis, D., and Ecob, R. 1994. "Key factors for effective junior schooling." In Teaching and Learning in the Primary School. Edited by Andrew Pollard & Jill Bourne. London: Routledge.
Wilcock, M. 1994. "St. Andrew's Church of England Primary School." In Teaching and Learning in the Primary School. Edited by Andrew Pollard & Jill Bourne. London: Routledge.
TESOL: Fieldwork Experience
The student observed for the Student Oral Language Observation Matrix (SOLOM) was a native Spanish-speaking 16-year-old female who was a high school sophomore. The student's SOLOM score for the observation was a 20/25 with limited English proficiency. Based on what was learned about the student during the SOLOM initial assessment and previous fieldwork experiences, this paper identifies an appropriate instructional strategy for use with this student and reports the results of that strategy.
The instruction strategy selected for this exercise was "building trust with families" as advocated by Pompa (n.d.) of the AdLit organization. Just as it is vitally important for clinicians to forge a therapeutic relationship with their clients in order to formulate efficacious treatment interventions, it is likewise vitally important for ELL teachers to reach out to students' families in order to encourage their more active involvement in the education of their children. Indeed, the…
References
Pompa, M. (n.d.). Building trust with families. AdLit. Retrieved from http://www.adlit.org / media/mediatopics/ells/.
Silverman, F. (2009, July). Hitting the books-together: Through a family literacy program, Hispanic parents and their young children are learning to be partners in educational success. District Administration, 40(7), 24-26.
Vera, E. M. & Israel, M. S (2012, Fall). Exploring the educational involvement of parents of English learners. School Community Journal, 22(2), 183-189.
Parent Involvement
When it comes to children and how well they do (or do not do) in schools, a lot of the invective and scrutiny is directed towards the teachers at the school and the administrators that govern the same. Whether it be parents showing disdain for how well the students are not doing or whether it be national laws such as No Child Left Behind, the teachers seem to shoulder a lot of the blame when students do not perform as expected or desired. However, to just blame the teachers would be unwise because they are only part of equation and some would argue that teachers are not even the biggest part of the equation. While having adept teachers imparting knowledge to students is important, having parents or guardians of those children that are involved and engaged is even more important.
esearch
One of the linchpins of student success…
References
Harji, M. B., Balakrishnan, K., & Letchumanan, K. (2016). SPIRE Project: Parental Involvement
in Young Children's ESL Reading Development. English Language Teaching, 9(12), 1-
15.
Hemmerechts, K., Agirdag, O., & Kavadias, D. (2017). The relationship between parental
Socioeconomic Status, Family Structure, and Parental Involvement: The Correlates of Achievement
Eagle, Eva
Do class/socioeconomic status, the attention of a parent, the working patterns of the mother, and familial structure have any impact on a student's academic performance? This particular study seeks to, specifically, describe "the relationship between educational attainment and the components of the SES index as used in the National Longitudinal Surveys conducted by the National Center for Educational Statistics." The 1980 High School and Beyond senior cohort was utilized in the undertaking of this study, with more than fifty eight thousand high school seniors and sophomores (1980) being used as the nationally representative sample. The survey of the samples took place in years 1980, 1982, 1984, as well as 1986.
The research made use of correlational research design. As Privitera (2013, p. 215) points out, correlational research design seeks to "use data to determine if two or…
impacting family literacy fluency (race, class, etc.) How can the relationships between parents, teachers, and schools support literacy understanding and growth? How do family interactions
One thing that is omnipresent and pervasive in situations where one or minorities are present is the idea of feeling like one is excluded. The level of severity of this happenstance can vary quite a bit. However, it is very real when it happens. In many cases, race, class and even language can become something that is polarizing and problematic. Despite these challenges, the rules that hold true for children within the dominant culture hold just as true for those in a minority (or more than one). This is even truer, however, when it comes to children that are vulnerable to poverty, deviancy and so forth. Indeed, parental involvement in a child's learning is important irrespective of the race, language or class of the child.…
References
Adichie, C. (2016). The danger of a single story. Ted.com. Retrieved 15 September 2016, from https://www.ted.com/talks/chimamanda_adichie_the_danger_of_a_single_story?language=en#t-355
McGee, K. (2016). For History Teachers, It's Not Always Easy to Get Students of Color to Connect with Curriculum. kut.org. Retrieved 15 September 2016, from http://kut.org/post/history-teachers-its-not-always-easy-get-students-color-connect-curriculum
NEA. (2010). New Report Focuses on Minority Parent Engagement - NEA Today. NEA Today. Retrieved 15 September 2016, from http://neatoday.org/2010/12/17/new-report-focuses-on-minority-parent-engagement/
PAENTAL EDUCATION & GUIDANCE
Parental Education
The author of this article has been asked to conduct a literature review of three articles related to the seventh NCF substance item, that being parental education and guidance. A total of three articles will be reviewed. There will be a review, summary and critique of each of the articles. While the interventions and assistance of the school systems and surrounding community are very helpful in the upbringing of a child, nothing can replace a sound foundation of parental guidance and education.
The first article was published in 2013 and relates to parental education and the ensuing/resulting gender gap at the college level in Europe. It would seem that the college population demographics in Europe is noticeably shifting towards the female gender and the study seeks to find out the influence of parental upbringing and educational level as an influence on how male and…
References
Ceballo, R., Maurizi, L.K., Suarez, G.A., & Aretakis, M.T. (2013). Gift and Sacrifice:
Parental Involvement in Latino Adolescents' Education. Cultural Diversity And
Ethnic Minority Psychology, doi:10.1037/a0033472
Hupp, J., Munala, L., Kaffenberger, J., & Hensley Wessell, M. (2011). The Interactive
(Siziya, Muula, and Rudatsikira, 2007)
The following labeled Figure 1 shows the factors associated with truancy among adolescents in the study conducted and reported in the work of Siziya, Muula, and Rudatsikira (2007)
Factors associated with truancy among adolescents in Swaziland
Factor or (95% CI)*
Age
Sex
Male
Female
Schooling (years) to 8 to 11
Hungry
Most of the times or always
Drank alcohol
Number of times bullied or 2
Most students kind and helpful
Most of the times
Parents checked homework
Most of the times
Parents understood problems
Most of the times
Parental supervision
Most of the times
or (95%CI)* adjusted for all the factors in the model
Siziya et al. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health 2007 1:15 doi:10.1186/1753-2000-1-15
Source: Siziya, Muula, and Rudatsikira (2007)
The work of Stanton et al. (2004) entitled: "Randomized Trial of a Parent Intervention" states that while "numerous interventions have been demonstrated…
Bibliography
Cookston, Jeffrey T. (1999) Parental Supervision and Family Structure: Effects on Adolescent Problem Behaviors. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, Vol. 32(1/2) 1999
Stanton, Bonita et al. (2004) Randomized Trial of a Parent Intervention: Parents Can Make a Difference in Long-Term Adolescent Risk Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 158:947-955. Online available at http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/158/10/947
Redd, Zakia; Brooks, Jennifer; and McGarvey, Ayelish (nd) Background for Community-level Work on Educational Adjustment, Achievement and Attainment in Adolescence: Reviewing the Literature on Contributing Factors. Child Trends.
Carter, Rebecca (2000) Parental Involvement With Adolescents' Education: Do Daughters or Sons Get More Help? Journal of Adolescence, Spring 2000. Online available at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2248/is_137_35/ai_62958274/print
The results of this study show several things: one, the child's temperament regarding willingness to learn at home is "mediated" by his or her mother's level of self-efficacy; two, stress in the family impacts the child's home learning because of stress's effect on mother's self-efficacy; three, low income parents have economic and ethnic hurdles to overcome in order to reach a point of self-efficacy, but those parents that can overcome those challenges have been demonstrated to show "...some sense of competency or confidence" (e.g., self-efficacy) to be able to facilitate a quality home-learning environment that truly can prepare the child for learning in school. Interventions that help parenting skills are important, the authors assert, because self-efficacy may be "a critical characteristic of healthy families who provide stimulating and nurturing contexts for young children" (Machida 183)
Fantuzzo, John, McWayne, Christine, & Perry, Marlo A. (2004). Multiple Dimensions of Family Involvement and…
" (ean, 2006) ean notes that a "dramatic decline in the influence of father involvement has been shown to be correlated with fathers' maintaining a residence other than that of their children." (2006)
According to the work entitled: "Theoretical Models of Juvenile Delinquency" developmental pathways of adolescent delinquency has been examined by researcher "through both longitudinal research and meta-analyses." (Theoretical Models of Juvenile Delinquency, nd) Resulting from these empirical investigations are "numerous insights...key indicators and predictors of behavior of those youths who engage and those who persist in delinquent behavior." (Theoretical Models of Juvenile Delinquency, nd) According to this work there have been a number of studies which had made identification of characteristic patterns of parent-child relationships that are strongly associated with juvenile delinquency." (Theoretical Models of Juvenile Delinquency, nd) the work of Juby and Farrington (2001); Patterson and Stouthamer-Loeber (1984); and Steinberg (1987) state that "evidence clearly demonstrates the…
Bibliography
Allen, Sarah; and Daly, Kerry (2007) the Effects of Father Involvement: An Updated Research Summary of the Evidence Inventory. FIRA-CURA Centre for Families, Work & Well-Being University of Guelph, Ontario Canada. Online available at http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:9pJUiihSv0YJ:fira.ca/cms/documen ts/29/Effects_of_Father_Involvement.pdf+CORRELATION+BETW EEN+the+ABSENCE+of+PATERNAL+INVOLVEMENT+and+SEXUAL+RISK+TAKING+BEHAVIOR+in+ADOLESCENT+FEMALES&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=26&gl=us
Bean, Matthew (2006) Understanding Father's Roles: An Evidence-Based Practice Guide for Family Therapists. Kansas State University 2006. Online available at http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:R_K1C-afXJ8J:krex.k-state.edu/dspace/bitstream/2097/314/1/MatthewBean2007.pdf+CORRELATION+BETWEEN+the+ABSENCE+of+PATERNAL+INVOLVEMENT+and+SEXUAL+RISK+TAKING+BEHAVIOR+in+ADOLESCENT+FEMALES&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=37&gl=us
Brooks, Constance M. (2007) Environmental Risk Factors and Risky Sexual Behavior Outcomes: Attitudes as a Mediating Factor. Online available at http://edt.missouri.edu/Winter2007/Dissertation/BrooksC-051107-D6584/research.pdf
Duncan, G.J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.) (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York: Russell Sage Foundation Brooks, Constance M. (2007) Environmental Risk Factors and Risky Sexual Behavior Outcomes: Attitudes as a Mediating Factor. Online available at http://edt.missouri.edu/Winter2007/Dissertation/BrooksC-051107-D6584/research.pdf
Parent Involvement and Student Academic Performance: A Multiple Mediational Analysis
David R. Topor, Susan P. Keane, Terri L. Shelton, and Susan D. Calkins
Numerous studies have shown a clear positive relationship between the involvement of a parent in a child's education, and the academic performance of the child. This particular study seeks to explore the mechanisms of the said association. On that front, only two potential mechanisms are taken into consideration. These, according to the authors, include; 1) the quality of the relationship between the teacher and the student, and 2) the child's perception of cognitive competence. A total of one hundred and fifty eight 7-year-olds participated in this study. The sample also included their teachers and mothers. It is important to note that data was in this case sourced from three key centers; the child, their mothers, and teachers -- with the gathering of data from the first two…
To summarize, research on gangs has shown the gang problem to be increasing dramatically. Gang members list many reasons for joining a gang, including protection, peer pressure, economic needs, social needs, power, because relatives are members, a lack of parental or community support, and social status. According to the research, gangs tend to exist in greater numbers in low-income populations, and in single-parent households. Additionally, research has shown that while there certainly are Caucasian gang members, the majority are Hispanic or African-American.
Methods
The purpose of this study was to determine why teenage males join and participate in gang activities. The independent variables were socio-economic status, peer influence, lack of family support, self-esteem, and protection. The subjects studied were from a high population area near Houston, TX, where the majority of residents were of Hispanic decent. This study examined the relationship between gang activities and the independent variables. This section…
References
Arthur, R., and Erickson J. (1992). Gangs and schools. Holmes Beach, FL: Learning Publications.
Aumair, M.(1995). Characteristics of juvenile gangs. Youth Studies, 13, 40-48.
Bowker, L., and Klein, M. (1993). The etiology of female delinquency and gang membership: A test of psychological and social structure explanations. Adolescence, 8, 731-751.
Fleischer, M.(1998). Dead end kids. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
ole of a Father
Families in today's world can take many traditional and non-traditional forms. In some cases, the nuclear family consists of two heterosexual parents and no more than two or three children. This type of family became the norm during the years after World War II. In this type of family, gender roles tend to be clearly delineated, with the father earning money and the mother staying home and caring for the home and children. Increasingly, as the economy became worse, double-income families became the norm, with both parents working to earn an income. As women became more self-sufficient, some have chosen to remain single in favor of building a career rather than starting a family. The divorce rate has also increased as a result of the ability of women to live their own lives and earn their own income. In addition, the legalization of gay marriage in…
References
Allen, S. And Daly, K. (2007, May). The Effects of Father Involvement: An Updated Research Summary of Evidence. FIRA. Retrieved from: http://www.fira.ca/cms/documents/29/Effects_of_Father_Involvement.pdf
Northern Territory Government. (n.d.) Single Parenting. Retrieved from: http://childrenandfamilies.nt.gov.au/library/scripts/objectifyMedia.aspx?file=pdf/60/66.pdf&siteID=5&str_title=Single%20parenting.pdf
Scutti, S. (2013, Jun 12.) Why the Father-Daughter Relationship Is So Important. Medical Daily. Retrieved from: http://www.medicaldaily.com/why-father-daughter-relationship-so-important-246744
Stephens, K. (2007). Parents are Powerful Role Models for Children. Parenting Exchange. Retrieved from: www.easternflorida.edu/community-resources/child-development-centers/parent-resource-library/documents/parents-powerful-role-models.pdf
parents be held responsible for their children's actions?
I believe that parents should be held accountable for their children's criminal actions and according to an article in usiness Wire 72% of Americans agree. ("Harris Interactive Study Reveals Three Quarters of Americans elieve Parents Should be Held Liable for Children's Criminal Actions"). The article reports the results of a study conducted by Harris Interactive which interviewed 2737 people from around the country. The study found that regardless of social or economic standing Americans want to see parents held responsible for the criminal actions of their children. ("Harris Interactive Study Reveals Three Quarters of Americans elieve Parents Should be Held Liable for Children's Criminal Actions")
It is my assertion that holding parents responsible for the criminal actions of their children will deter crime. It will also encourage parents to be more attentive in the upbringing of their children.
The severities of the…
Bibliography
Armstrong, M., Evans, M., Wood, V. "The Development of a State Policy on Families as Allies." Journal of Emotional and Behavoiral Disorders. http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m0FCB/4_8/68273227/p1/article.jhtml?term=parent+responsibility+for+juvenile+deinquency
Brown, Michael. "Juvenile offenders: should they be tried in adult courts?" USA Today (Magazine). January 1998.
Harris Interactive Study Reveals Three Quarters of Americans Believe Parents Should be Held Liable for Children's Criminal Actions." Business Wire. http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m0EIN/2000_March_13/60057449/p1/article.jhtml?term=Should+parents+be+held+responsible+for+their+childrens+actions
Kozlowski, James C. "Court Upholds Juvenile Curfew Law." Parks and Recreation. Jan, 2000. http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m1145/1_35/59319073/p1/article.jhtml?term=parent+responsibility+for+juvenile+deinquency
Parental Training
Statistics show that incidences of juvenile criminal behavior are on the rise in the United States. In the year 2000, for example, over 2.3 million juveniles were arrested for various criminal offenses ranging from petty theft and drug abuse to crimes of violence. This figure alone represents a 64% increase from juvenile delinquency statistics from 1980. More disturbing is the fact that the greatest increases are in the areas of violent crime such as rapes, assaults and even homicide (Everett, Chadwell and Chesney 2002).
This trend did not happen overnight. Experts agree that the seeds of youth delinquency are planted at an early age, and that juvenile crime has complex socio-economic and psychological roots. Furthermore, many crime experts argue that delinquency is also the result of a combined failure of families, schools and the greater community.
This paper argues that many social difficulties, from delinquency in school to…
Works Cited
Cassel, Russell, Peter Chow, Donald F. DeMoulin and Robert C. Reiger. 2002. "Comparing the cognitive dissonance of 116 juvenile delinquent boys with that of 215 typical high school students." Education 121(3). ProQuest Database.
Everett, Charlie; Chadwell, Jason and McChesney, Jon. 2002. "Successful programs for at-risk youth." Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance. 73(9). Proquest Database.
Fontes, Lisa Aronson. 2002. "Child discipline and physical abuse in immigrant Latino families: Reducing violence and misunderstandings." Journal of Counseling and Development, 80(1): Winter. ProQuest Database.
Neeley, Steven. "The Psychological and Emotional Abuse of Children." Northern Kentucky Law Review. 2000. 27(4). EBSCO host database.
Administrator Management Accounting Principles
The purpose of this paper is to prepare a MEMO to the superintendent which will be published in the District Newsletter in regards to what was revealed as to the attitudes and confidence in school in this school compared to others throughout the nation.
The following page contains the Memorandum to the uperintendent with a committee meeting report setting down specific plans for implementing changes within the school by engaging the community in assisting with and the owning of the school plan.
CHOOL UPERINTENDENT
CHOOL ADMINITRATOR
COMMITTEE MEETING REPORT
After having attended the committee meeting and reflecting on the information gained the first conveyance of this memorandum is to express gratitude for the concern that we are so fortunate to have within this school system. Admittedly, there are issues that must be addressed. The awareness that our school is in crisis is within the minds of…
Strengthening of partnerships with agencies such as the city health and family services, early education and recreation services and the libraries.
Focus on specific reforms, prioritization of initiatives and addressing problems in a systemic fashion.
STRATEGIC PLAN Board Of Education Goals And CORRESPONDING ACTION PLANS [Online] available at: http://www.meridian.k12.il.us/Unit%20District%20Page/Demo, Strat, tec, Fees,/strategic_ plan.htm#strat%20process
Special Education
Influence of Parental Awareness on Individualized Education Plan (IEP)
In the period preceding 1975, the students with disabilities did not have sufficient access to education and often received education that was inappropriate for them, Huang (2013). However, hope began to rise in the 70s when advocacy organizations and parents with children with disabilities went round pressurizing governments and even taking them to court over what they referred to as neglect of children with disabilities and provision of inappropriate education and violation of the rights provided to such children by the U.S. constitution. There was a name change of the Education of All Handicapped Children Act to Individuals with Disabilities Education Act also referred to as IDEA.
IDEA is responsible for providing children with disabilities appropriate education and other services that are in line with their specific needs, including facilitating their education in public schools. IDEA recognized the role…
REFERENCES
Huang, L.-J. (2013, June). Parents' Knowledge and Perceptions Regarding Their Rights During the IEP Process. Retrieved April 20, 2016, from Southern Illinois University: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/
Myers, S. A. (2014, May). Parent's Perception of Engagement During the Individual Education Planning Meeting. (Doctoral Dissertation). Retrieved from UMI Dissertation Publishing. ProQuest LLC. (UMI Number: 3622989)
National Council for Special Education. (2006, May). Guidelines on the Individual Education Plan Process. Retrieved April 20, 2016, from National Council for Special Education: www.ncse.ie
Underwood, K. (2010). Involving and Engaging Parents of Children with IEPs. Exceptionality Education International, Vol 20, Issue 1, 18-36. Retrieved from http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/
Teen Pregnancy: The ole of Parental Support
A significant proportion of babies in the U.S. are born to women aged 15 to 19 years. In 2014 alone, 249,078 babies were delivered by teenage women, representing a birth rate of 24 in every 1,000 females in this age category (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016). This represents a historic low in the prevalence of teen pregnancy in the U.S. compared to two decades ago, with delayed and/or reduced sexual activity as well as increased use of birth control among teens believed to be the major contributors of the decline (CDC, 2016). Even so, teen pregnancy in the U.S. remains the highest in the developed world (Department of Health and Human Services [HHS], 2016).
Whereas majority of teen births are unintended and occur outside marriage, it is important to note that many of these are intended (Sekharan et al., 2015).…
References
Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2016). Teen pregnancy in the United
States. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/teenpregnancy/about/
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) (2016). Trends in teen pregnancy and childbearing. Retrieved from: https://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/adolescent-health- topics/reproductive-health/teen-pregnancy/trends.html
Macutkiewicz, J., & MacBeth, A. (2016). Intended adolescent pregnancy: a systematic review of qualitative studies. Adolescent Research Review, 1-17.
Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA) program is used to assess young children, their caregivers, and the program environment. One of the areas highlighted in the checklist focuses on responsive caregiving as an avenue for parents and other caregivers to reflect on and change -- where needed -- the way they interact with their young charges (osas, et al., 2012). Moreover, considerable research has been conducted on the implementation of parenting and mental health models within the early childhood education setting (osas, et al., 2012). The proposed research would employ the DECA and a questionnaire constructed specifically for this study to identify children who may be at risk for stress related to parental arguments and household conflict.
Initial Topical Literature eview
Current research on the impact of arguments between parents that occur near sleeping babies indicates that the brain activity of infants is responsive to the tone and loudness of the…
References
Copeland, W.E., Wolke, D., Lereya, S.T., Shanahan, L, Worthman, C., & Costello, J. (2014, May 27). Childhood bullying involvement predicts low-grade systemic inflammation into adulthood. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(21), 7570-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1323641111 Retrieved http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24821813
DaBerko, T. (2013). Hush! Sleeping infants still know when mom and dad are fighting. Phenomenon. Smithsonian Magazine, October, 20.
Graham, A. (2013, March 25). Arguments in the home linked with babies' brain functioning. Eugene, OR: University of Oregon, Retrieved http://uonews.uoregon.edu/archive/news-release/2013/3/arguments-home-linked-babies-brain-functioning
Graham, A., Fischer, P., & Pfeifer, J. (2013). What sleeping babies hear: An fMRI study of interparental conflict and infants' emotion processing. Psychological Science, in print.
School Improvements
Performance Outcomes at Dunn Middle School in Trenton
Inner-city schools today are struggling with a litany of challenges that threaten the quality of education and the opportunities available to students. Issues such as high poverty rates, crime-afflicted neighborhoods, racial disparity and limited parental involvement all threaten to stand in the way of bright futures for such students. This is true for the attendees of the Grace A. Dunn Middle School in Trenton, which is working to overcome the obstacles typical of such resource-strapped urban schools. The discussion here outlines some of the areas of Dunn Middle School that require improvement and offers some suggestions on how to achieve this improvement.
Performance:
Reviewing the Dunn Middle School performance outcomes, all evidence suggests that the school is in need of sweeping improvements. Under the thumb of mandatory state-proficiency tests, Dunn Middle School has struggled to yield any positive outcomes. The…
Works Cited:
Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO). (2008). ISLLC Standards. Coe.fgcu.edu.
Jennings, D.A. (2012). Schools in Need of Improvement in New Jersey. Statewide Parents Action Network.
NJ School Performance Report. (2013). Grace A. Dunn Middle School. State of New Jersey.
Whilst private schools in Wisconsin and Ohio make parent involvement in the school a condition for child acceptance, it is questionable whether traditional public schools should follow the same policy on the grounds that parental non-involvement may consequent in punishing the child rather than in serving an intended positive purpose.
Reilly (2008) presents a middle school parental -- school involvement program, at a Pennsylvania middle school, as an example of a program aimed to strengthen communication between parents and school. The article describes the program from the moment that the principal initiated it and invited all teachers to attend through to its culmination. Care is demonstrated through approximately 400 monthly messages that teachers sent parents regarding the child either via e-mail, phone, or written notes, and as the principal affirmed: "parents are more likely to support the teacher and will push their children to comply because 'this teacher cares about…
Van Dunk et al.'s (1998) policy report examines the issue of parental involvement from the perspective of parents whose children attend public and private schools in Milwaukee and Cleveland. The authors discovered that most parents do not seek personal involvement with the school when selecting a school for their child; that the majority of private schools require, per admission, that parents be actively involved in their child's school, and that research indicates that the child will profit by the parent's involvement in his or her school education: "Controlling for all other factors, a school that can require that parents volunteer time should have better student achievement than a school that cannot" (9). Whilst private schools in Wisconsin and Ohio make parent involvement in the school a condition for child acceptance, it is questionable whether traditional public schools should follow the same policy on the grounds that parental non-involvement may consequent in punishing the child rather than in serving an intended positive purpose.
Reilly (2008) presents a middle school parental -- school involvement program, at a Pennsylvania middle school, as an example of a program aimed to strengthen communication between parents and school. The article describes the program from the moment that the principal initiated it and invited all teachers to attend through to its culmination. Care is demonstrated through approximately 400 monthly messages that teachers sent parents regarding the child either via e-mail, phone, or written notes, and as the principal affirmed: "parents are more likely to support the teacher and will push their children to comply because 'this teacher cares about you'" (49).. According to the principal, this has consequented in greater parent involvement with the result that: "face-to-face confrontations have now been avoided since not doing homework or the misbehaving in class was exposed in its initial stages and was not allowed to grow to the detriment of the student's grade" (49). Hearing the teacher's 'side of the story' also resulted in fewer complaints about the school.
Wiseman (2010) deals with parental involvement with adolescent schooling. There is a misperception that adolescents need less parental 'interference', yet research demonstrates that the opposite is true. Wiseman (2010) conducted research on an eighth-grade poetry program in an urban public middle school designed to create parent-school involvement
For example, let's say that a student has tremendous amounts of respect for their history teacher. While at the same time, they do not like their math teacher. These two contrasting views will have a negative impact on how they will deal with a host of situation. As, the student is more willing to listen to ideas of teachers they like and respect. Whereas those educators, that are often looked down upon will be ineffective in reaching out to their student. This is significant, because it is showing how inside the classroom the teacher must be able to relate to each person. As a result, the way that this idea can be used in the classroom is to establish an initial foundation of support for the educator and the views that are being presented. The way that this is accomplished is through effectively reaching out to the student by ensuring…
McFerrin, K. (2008). Proceedings of Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference. Chesapeake, VA: AACE.
McGlyn, A. (2009). Millennials in College. Education Digest, 73 (6), 19 -- 22.
Shindler, J. (2010). Transformative Classroom Management. San Francisco, CA: Josey Bass.
agree with, yet ultimately I have a fundamentally different perspective on the issue of homework, teacher responsibility, and parental involvement in education. It is true that many homework assignments are found to be tedious, boring, and repetitive by students and their parents alike, and it is definitely part of a teacher's responsibility to find ways to overcome these perceptions and attitudes so as to enhance the learning process and make it more effective. Creating more "interesting" assignments is certainly one method for overcoming this issue, yet I agree that this solution does indeed miss the fundamental problems identified with the homework issue specifically and the educational system in general. I do not agree, however, with the poster's assessment of what the fundamental homework issue actually is.
It is somewhat true that children these days have less and less time to spend on homework with the increasing amounts of structured and…
Family Involvement Brochure 2143139
How can you ensure the involvement of family members into your plan for servicing your special education population?
The need for a collective effort is obvious when dealing with young children in special education enrollment in their respective schools or place of learning. Teachers need to ensure that parents stay involved in their' child's education, or that child becomes at serious risk at becoming "lost in the system" and permanently damaged due to this abuse and neglect. It is important that we treat those in our society who appear to have less with dignity and respect and contribute to their quality of life.
The family is where the child learns to act and behave in society and many of the initial traits and behaviors within the child's life is learned from the family source. This may be helpful or not helpful depending on the relationship and…
References
Duchnowski, A.J., Kutash, K., Green, A.L., Ferron, J.M., Wagner, M., & Vengrofski, B. (2012). Parent support services for families of children with emotional disturbances served in elementary school special education settings: Examination of data from the Special Education Elementary Longitudinal Study. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 1044207312460889.
Henrich, C.C. (2013). Commentary on the Special Issue on Parent Involvement/Engagement in Early Childhood Education.
Peters, M.J. (2012). Parental Involvement: How Much Is Enough and What Can Schools Do to Encourage It? (Doctoral dissertation, William Paterson University of New Jersey).
Sheridan, S.M., Kim, E.M., Coutts, M.J., Sjuts, T.M., Holmes, S.R., Ransom, K.A., & Garbacz, S.A. (2012, November). Clarifying parent involvement and family-school partnership intervention research: A preliminary synthesis. In Poster presented at the annual convention of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
Parents and Family Context on Children's Involvement in Household Tasks" discusses the results of a study conducted with hundreds of families living in Sydney, Australia. The reason for the study was to examine how household tasks are influenced by parents, family context, and the combined impact of family context and parental influences. Through this study the researcher intended to demonstrate that children would most often perform gender related tasks in the home. In addition, the researchers intended to demonstrate that,
Children with an opposite-gender sibling would do fewer opposite-gender tasks but more same-gender tasks when compared to children with a same-gender sibling... Parental encouragement of both masculine and feminine household tasks would result in increased child performance of those tasks... The gender of the child would be the most influential of the family context variables on the performance of gender-linked household tasks." (Antill et al., 1996)
Participants
The sample group…
References
Antill, John K., Cotton, Sandra, Goodnow, Jacqueline J., Russell Graeme. (1996) The Influence of Parents and Family Context on Children's Involvement in Household Tasks. Journal Title: Sex Roles: A Journal of Research. Volume: 34. Issue: 3-4. p215.
patterns of physical activity and exercise indicates that there has been an overall trend of decreasing physical activity levels and increasing levels of inactivity among adolescents and adults (Gordon-Larsen, McMurray, & Popkin, 1999; Van Der Horst, Paw, Twisk, & Van Mechelen, 2007). Inactivity and poor diet are responsible a large number of deaths annually and could soon become one of the leading causes of death in developed countries. esearch continues to reaffirm that there is a dose response relationship between physical activity and all causes of mortality. There is typically a risk reduction of around 30% for those attaining the recommended levels of at least moderately intense physical activity on most days of the week compared with those who are relatively inactive (Lee & Skerrett, 2001). egular physical exercise has long been associated with decreased risk of fatal cardiovascular disease (Powell, Thompson, Caspersen, & Kenderick, 1987), obesity and diabetes (Knowler,…
References
American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Public Education. (2001). Media violence. Pediatrics, 108, 1222 -- 1226.
Dennison, B.A., Straus, J.H., Mellits, E.D., & Charney, M.D. (1988). Childhood physical fitness tests: Predictor of adult physical activity levels? Pediatrics, 82 (3), 324-330.
Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L.S., Nelson, M.C., & Popkin, B.M. (2004). Five-year obesity incidence in the transition period between adolescence and adulthood: The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 80, 569 -- 575.
Gordon-Larsen, P., McMurray, R.G., & Popkin, B.M. (1999). Adolescent physical activity and inactivity vary by ethnicity: the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Journal of Pediatrics, 135, 301 -- 306.
Sexuality
esearch has shown that men and women look for different characteristics when looking for long-term partners. Some research shows that men favor physical variables (attractiveness) more than women (lecture notes). This could be due to an underlying biological impetus to breed with women who have good genes. The fact that many men worldwide reveal a preference for younger partners might also be traceable to biology; younger women are more likely to bear children.
Women might value things like "vocational status, earning potential, expressiveness, kindness, consideration, dependability, and fondness for children," (athus, et al., 2002, cited in lecture notes). The fondness for children preference is linked to biology and psychological necessity as well, as women want mates who will be able to share in the childrearing duties. On the other hand, some men might value traits like "cooking ability, frugality, and youth (athus et al., 2002, cited in lecture notes).…
References
"Chapter 6: Sexual Violence."
Lecture Notes
Nunnink, S.E., Goldwaser, G., Afari, N., Nievergelt, M. & Baker, D.G. (2010). The role of emotional numbing in sexual functioning among veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars. Military Medicine 175(6).
PBS (2012). Teen Brain. Retrieved online: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/teenbrain/view/#rest
Family-Centered Approach in Child Development
Family centered
Child Development: Importance of Family Involvement
Family plays a vital role in the upbringing of a child. A child has not developed his/her senses at the time of his birth. Senses are present from the time of the birth and give the child enough potential to step out in the practical world. Apart from five basic senses i.e. taste, smell, touch, sight and sound, there are countless of other senses that are fed by the family. Ideally a person must be able to utilize every resource he has in him but this does not happen. Einstein being the world's genius person utilized his potential up to 11% approximately which means 89%of his brain was left unexplored. Similarly a lot of other people can do better if their family helps them to explore their personalities while growing up. This research will investigate a family's…
References
Britto, P.R. & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (2001). The Role of Family Literacy Environments in Promoting Young Children's Emerging Literacy Skills. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Davies, D. (2010). Child Development. NY: Guilford.
Hojat, M., Gonnella, J.S., Nasca, T.J., Mangione, S., Vergare, M., & Magee, M. (2002). Physician empathy: Definition, components, measurement, and relationship to gender and specialty. American Journal of Psychiatry.
Meggitt, C. (2006). Child Development: An Illustrated Guide. UK: Hienemann.
Community esearch
By placing the demands of literacy education on the community as a whole, a shared responsibility is created and therefore a substantial interest is gained in the process. Literacy is indeed a problem of not just students and teacher, but for the entire population. The purpose of this essay is to review literature pertaining to this argument in order to defend my position and create an opportunity for knowledge and learning. This essay will discuss and reveal some expert opinions about the subject at large and adds context and ideas to the already heavily discussed topic of literacy programs and ways to successfully implement large scale educational changes within an already existing format.
Literature eview
eese & Goldenberg (2008) found explicit data that literacy resources within immigrant Latino families are seriously lacking. They wrote " findings from a study of 35 communities show that communities with greater concentrations…
References
Epstein, J. & Salinas, K. (2004). Partnering with Families and Communities. Educational Leadership, 61,8. May 2004, 12-18. Retrieved from http://www.ascd.org/publications/educational-leadership/may04/vol61/num08/Partnering-with-Families-and-Communities.aspx
Reese, L. & Goldenberg, C. (2008). Community Literacy Resources and Home Literacy Practices Among Latino Families. Marriage & Family Review, 43 (1/2) 2008. Retrieved from https://people.stanford.edu/claudeg/sites/default/files/Parental-Involvement.pdf
Sheldon, S.B., & Epstein, J.L. (2002). Improving student behavior and school discipline with family and community involvement. Education and Urban Society, 35(1), 4-26.
forget the tremendous impact that governmental cutbacks and recessionary times have on certain populations. For instance, in the wake of the recent recession, more and more families face poverty and lack of job and housing stability, which impacts family life in a relative negative manner. Too, investment in insurance, food, and other social programs for children is often cut during recessionary times as a line item budget -- not necessarily realizing the impact this has on the lives of millions of children. Finally, educational cuts that may see quick fixes to state and federal budgetary concerns have a marked negative effect upon children and youth -- many who are never able to recover and thus increases unskilled workers and the eventual possibility of unemployment (Children in the ecession, 2011).
Part 2 -- The data show an interesting set of circumstances regarding the school district in question:
Funding -- From local…
REFERENCES
Children in the Recession. (June 2011). Action for Children North Carolina. Retrieved from:
http://www.ncchild.org/sites/default/files/2011_Children%20in%20the%20Recession-Action%20for%20Children%20North%20Carolina_0.pdf
Academy, as part of its attempt to instill reflective learning in students has created the GOWTH program, a school, community-based program in which students who have interpersonal difficulties are given specific assignments to promote reflection and change. "Every student that serves a GOWTH lunch is required to do a GOWTH CENTE EFLECTION SHEET that consists of various questions and an apology letter. The purpose of the sheet is to allow students to reflect on the choice that they made, why the choice was wrong, how they could've handled the situation differently using better choices, and what they have learned from their experience" (GOWTH, 2013). Thus, relationships between students and deans are fostered via GOWTH; however there is no little direct family contact in the program -- the emphasis is on personal responsibility for the student.
The program is considered community-based given that it relies upon concepts of conflict diffusion embraced…
References
GROWTH. (2013). See All Academy. Retrieved: http://www.seeallacademy.com/#!deans
Minutes. (2012). PTA. Retrieved: http://www.seeallacademy.com/pta#!__pta/minutes
immensely important for school leaders and most education professionals to understand the evidence base and theory behind educational practice. Their cognizance of such theory helps to provide a degree of continuity in the entire educational process -- the culmination of which is the quality of education a child receives. Pedagogues play a fundamental role in that process, as do a host of other factors including the facilities, parental involvement, instructional strategies, and evidence-based practices. When instructors familiarize themselves with the evidence that influences eminent government mandated and funded programs such as the No Child Left Behind Act, they can better understand the reasons for the theories developed from such data. That understanding can guide them in a number of ways of actually implementing that knowledge and deriving actionable insight from research, in addition to being compliant with federal policy (Kretlow and Blatz, 2011, p. 8).
This process of deriving actionable…
References
Kretlow, A.G., Blatz, S.L. (2011). The ABCs of evidence-based practice for teachers. Teaching Exceptional Children. 43(5) 8-19.
Markusic, M. (2012). The evidence-based practice in teaching gifted and exceptional students. Bright Hub Education. Retrieved from http://www.brighthubeducation.com/teaching-gifted-students/31414-issues-with-evidence-based-practice-in-teaching-the-gifted/
Paenting Style Influence on Excess Alcohol Intake Among Jewish Youth
Clinical Psychology
The health hazads that ae associated with adolescent alcohol use ae well documented, and thee is gowing ecognition among policymakes and clinicians alike that moe needs to be done to addess this public health theat. The pupose of this study was to examine the effects of diffeent paenting styles on alcohol consumption levels among Jewish college students in the United States. The study daws on attachment theoy, social leaning theoy, and a paenting style model as the main theoetical famewoks to evaluate the effects of diffeent paenting styles on alcohol consumption levels among Jewish adolescents to develop infomed answes to the study's thee guiding eseach questions concening the elationship between peceived paenting style and excess alcohol use of male, Jewish, college students aged 18-26 yeas, the elationship between academic achievement and the alcohol use fequency of male Jewish…
references to gender.
Scoring: The PAQ is scored easily by summing the individual items to comprise the subscale scores. Scores on each subscale range from 10 to 50.
Author: Dr. John R. Buri, Department of Psychology, University of St. Thomas, 2115
Summit Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55105.
Source: Buri, J.R. (1991). Parental Authority Questionnaire, Journal of Personality and Social Assessment, 57, 110-119
Paenting Style Influence on Excess Alcohol Intake Among Jewish Youth
Clinical Psychology
The health hazads that ae associated with adolescent alcohol use ae well documented, and thee is gowing ecognition among policymakes and clinicians alike that moe needs to be done to addess this public health theat. The pupose of this study was to examine the effects of diffeent paenting styles on alcohol consumption levels among Jewish college students in the United States. The study daws on attachment theoy, social leaning theoy, and a paenting style model as the main theoetical famewoks to evaluate the effects of diffeent paenting styles on alcohol consumption levels among Jewish adolescents to develop infomed answes to the study's thee guiding eseach questions concening the elationship between peceived paenting style and excess alcohol use of male, Jewish, college students aged 18-26 yeas, the elationship between academic achievement and the alcohol use fequency of male Jewish…
references to gender.
Scoring: The PAQ is scored easily by summing the individual items to comprise the subscale scores. Scores on each subscale range from 10 to 50.
Author: Dr. John R. Buri, Department of Psychology, University of St. Thomas, 2115
Summit Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55105.
Source: Buri, J.R. (1991). Parental Authority Questionnaire, Journal of Personality and Social Assessment, 57, 110-119
Paenting Style Influence on Excess Alcohol Intake Among Jewish Youth
Ross
Maste of Science, Mental Health Counseling, College, Januay, 2008
Clinical Psychology
Anticipated; Decembe, 2016
The health hazads that ae associated with adolescent alcohol use ae well documented, and thee is gowing ecognition among policymakes and clinicians alike that moe needs to be done to addess this public health theat. The pupose of this study will be to examine the effects of diffeent paenting styles on alcohol consumption levels among Jewish college students in the United States. The study daws on attachment theoy, social leaning theoy, and a paenting style model as the main theoetical famewoks to evaluate the effects of diffeent paenting styles on alcohol consumption levels among Jewish adolescents to develop infomed answes to the study's thee guiding eseach questions concening the elationship between peceived paenting style and excess alcohol use of male, Jewish, college students aged 18-26…
references to gender.
Scoring: The PAQ is scored easily by summing the individual items to comprise the subscale scores. Scores on each subscale range from 10 to 50.
Author: Dr. John R. Buri, Department of Psychology, University of St. Thomas, 2115
Summit Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55105.
Source: Buri, J.R. (1991). Parental Authority Questionnaire, Journal of Personality and Social Assessment, 57, 110-119
There are many of these individuals, and it is time that this is changed.
Parents often look away from these kinds of problems, or they spend their time in denial of the issue because they feel that their child will not be harmed by parental involvement with drugs or alcohol. Some parents have parents that were/are addicts themselves, and some are so busy with their lives that they do not actually realize that their child has any kind of problem with the lifestyle of the parent until it becomes so severe that it cannot be overlooked, or until it is brought to their attention by police, the school, or someone else that has seen it first hand. Parents are not the only ones that overlook this issue, though.
Sometimes siblings and friends also see problems that they ignore, do not understand, or do not talk to anyone about, and the…
Bibliography
Aleman-Padilla, L. 2002. Babies First gets last word on infant care Hundreds recognize groups contribution at fourth annual event. The Fresno Bee.
Anderson, D. 2004. Funding cuts impact health services. Precinct Reporter.
Anderson, S.A. (2000). How parental involvement makes a difference in reading achievement. Reading Improvement.
Baker, P.L. (2000). I didn't know: discoveries and identity transformation of women addicts in treatment. Journal of Drug Issues, 30, 863-881.
, 1999). In many areas of the country this may be very accurate.
Another problem that comes into the picture where obesity in children is concerned is that many parents must work very long hours today to pay bills and have money for what their family needs (Mokdad, et al., 1999). ecause of this, many children are latchkey kids and are not watched as closely by their parents as they used to be (Mokdad, et al., 1999). Children used to come home from school and go and play with others, but many now live in neighborhoods where this is unsafe or where there are no children their age so they remain inside watching TV or playing video games and snacking on whatever is available (Mokdad, et al., 1999).
If there is healthy food in the house this is often not a problem, but many households are full of potato chips,…
Bibliography
Anderson, J.G. (1987). Structural equation models in the social and behavioral sciences: Model building. Child Development, 58, 49-64.
Arlin, M. (1976). Causal priority of social desirability over self-concept: A cross-lagged correlation analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33, 267-272.
Averill, P. (1987). The role of parents in the sport socialization of children. Unpublished senior thesis, University of Houston.
Bandura, a. (1969). A social-learning theory of identificatory processes. In D.A. Goslin (Ed.), Handbook of socialization theory and research (pp. 213-262). Chicago: Rand McNally.
esults
Surprise. Fan and Chen (2001) discovered that a higher parental involvement had a positive correlation on student achievement. Perhaps such results would be unexpected by an academic toiling away in obscurity, but for this author and the man on the street, the results are unsurprising. Specifically, Fan and Chen noted that the focus on core subjects in isolation (e.g. math, reading, science, etc.) rather than a cumulative effect (e.g. GPA) was not the best practice. Fan and Chen suggest that researchers should focus on GPA/Parental Involvement because a GPA is a comprehensive analysis of a student's performance in school and that a GPA is more reliable (e.g. measurable) than an ala cart approach to student evaluation.
Critique
This article is bland, banal and bordering on redundancy. Fan and Chen (2001) broke no real new ground with their study. Fan and Chen successfully turned what would normally be a review…
References
DeCoster, J. (2004). Meta-analysis Notes. Retrieved 10/30/2010
from http://www.stat-help.com/notes.html
Fan, X. And Chen, M.C. (2001). Parental involvement and students' academic achievement: a meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, (13), No. 1.
divorce rate in the United States is rising at an alarming rate. Just after the Civil War, approximately 5% of marriages in the United States ended in divorce. The divorce rate increased to approximately 10% by the 1920s and approximately 35% by the mid-1960's. y 1990, the divorce rate in the United States had risen to 50%. In a span of 125 years, the divorce rate in the United States increased by 900%. These rising divorce rates have undoubtedly had a profound effect on children. In 1988, 15% of all chil-dren lived with a divorced or separated parent. Presently, more than one mil-lion children per year experience a parental divorce. In the 1960's, almost 90% of children lived in homes with two biological parents. y 1995, approximately 18.9 million children under the age of 18 lived with one. With the rising divorce rate it is important to look at how…
Bibliography
Ham, B. (2003). The Effects of Divorce on the Academic Achievement of High School Seniors. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 38(3/4), 167-185.
Jeynes, W.H. (1999). The Effects of Children of Divorce Living with Neither Parent on the Academic Acheivement of Those Children. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 30(3/4), 103-120.
Jeynes, W.H. (2002a). Does Parental Involvement Eliminate the Effects of Parental Divorce on the Academic Achievement of Adolescents? Journal of ivorce and Remarriage, 37(1/2), 101-115.
Jeynes, W.H. (2002b). Examining the Effects of Parental Absence on the Academic Achievement of Adolescents: The Challenge of Controlling for Family Income. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 23(2), 189-210.
It follows that if the most effective types of parental involvement in education can be identified, then the lack of these measures would be strong indicators of low achievement in many students. Essentially, this is a positivistic approach to addressing the issue of low achievement in the context of parental involvement; it is easier to diagnose in cases where the favorable factors are absent. In other words, one of the most informative uses of finding the styles of parenting that aid in student achievement would be to determine instances in which low levels of parental involvement can be recognized as the leading component in low academic achievement. In order to isolate these factors, however, studies need to be conducted that control for social status -- of both the student and their parents -- sex, race, and the structure of the household -- whether there is one or two parents. Additionally,…
Works Cited
Bogenschneider, Karen. "Parental Involvement in Adolescent Schooling: A Proximal Process with Transcontextual Validity." Journal of Marriage and Family, volume 59, number 3, August 1997. Pages 718-733.
Fan, Xitao and Michael Chen. "Parental Involvement and Students' Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis." Educational Psychology Review, volume 13, number 1, March 2001. Pages 1-22.
Pong, Suet-ling. "Family Structure, School Context, and Eighth-Grade Math and Reading Achievement." Journal of Marriage and Family, volume 59, number 3, August 1997. Pages 734-746.
Taylor, Loraine C. et al. "Parental influences on academic performance in African-American students." Journal of Child and Family Studies, volume 4, number 3, September 1995. Pages 293-302.
Adolescence)
The Issue of Students of Arab Descent
Scope for Advisory Participation groups
ole of Involvement from Parents as External Stakeholders
Barriers and Facilitators to Parent Involvement
Advisory Participation and Policy Implications
elation between Parental Involvement and Child Growth
The ole of Native Americans in Interventions
Traditional Parenting Practices
Considerations
Middle Eastern Students: Effect of Advisory Participation in the Adolescent Years - Grades 8-9
It is believed that when children and adolescents take part in group activities, they experience better social and psychological health. Indeed, it has also been documented that participating in team sports leads to positive health outcomes. Analysts observe that such eventuality accrues from the social dimension that team sports provide. The positive involvement by adults and peers enhances such gains (ochelle M. Eime, Janet A Young, Jack T. Harvey, Melanie J. Charity, & Warren . Payne, 2013). eader advisory techniques; applied with youthful patrons present an…
References
Abdul Tawab, N., Saher, S., & Nawawi, N. (2013). Learning About Youth. New York: Population Council.
Aghajanian, A., & Cong, W. (2012). How Culture Affects on English Language Learners' (ELL's) Outcomes, with Middle East Immigrant Students. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 172-180.
Alnawar, H. (2015). Raising Teachers' Cultural Knowledge of Middle Eastern Students in The Classroom. California State University - Capstones and Theses.
Badri, M., Al Quabaisi, A., Al Rashedi, A., & Yang, G. (2014). The causal relationship between parental involvement and children's behavioural adjustment to KG-1 schooling. International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy.
Free access for students and teachers will be available at school and home at any time (Charp, 2002, p. 10).
Schools have also been helped by funding from corporations of various types, many of which see the need for a workforce in the future that is fully adept at using the new information technology, or that has some stake in assuring that a well-trained public is developed. Companies focusing on engineering and mathematics offer computer help to students, and some programs are more far-reaching:
lso, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is donating $40 million to create small high schools across the United States to increase high school graduation and college attendance. Students will be able to earn both a high school diploma, and an associate's degree or two years of college credit. The effort includes the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Ford Foundation and the W.K. Kellogg Foundation.…
Although widely accepted as a useful statistical tool, multiple regression and correlation analysis are fraught with dangers in estimating effect sizes when one uses a number of predictor variables in the linear equation. For example, it is highly unlikely that a large number of naturally occurring predictors will be statistically independent. When two or more variables are relatively highly correlated, the statistical estimation method of squared error minimization used in multiple regression is incapable of sorting out their independent effects on the dependent variable. This condition is referred to as multicollinearity and results in highly unstable regression coefficients (Pfaffenberger & Patterson, 1997).
Conclusion
Zangle is a system for providing information on student performance, assignments, and other matters to parents over the Internet, making it possible to keep this information flowing all year long and not simply during parent-teacher conferences. The intent is to enhance communication between teacher and parent and so to help change behavior and improve the performance of students, addressing problems as soon as they appear rather then waiting. This is a proposal for research to test whether the system delivers on its promises and does improve student performance in those districts where it is currently in use.
Next, the researcher will conduct a query of the computer awareness of education administrators, teachers, parents, and students in the New Orleans school district, then evaluation of documented data will provide a research base of the required elements needed to consider while developing a framework that can be used as a guide by educational leaders and parents for the protection of children at school and at home. esearch areas will include law enforcement agencies, various information systems security sites that provide security solutions that can be implemented in schools and in the home, other avenues of research will include interviews with a multitude of technical personnel proficient in hardware, software and network technology utilized for computer security.
Purpose Statement
The purpose of this dissertation is to provide recommendations from experienced practitioners of detailed, hands on instruction or guides that even the computer illiterate parent or senior caregiver can use to…
References
Atkinson, E.N. (1995). Interactive dynamic graphics for exploratory survival analysis. The American Statistician, 49(1), 77.
Barker, C., & Groenne, P. (1996). Advertising on the World Wide Web. [online]. Available: http://www.samkurser.dk/advertising/research.htm[1998, April 6].
Bever, T.G., Smith, M.L., Bengen, B., & Johnson, T.G. (1975). Young viewers' troubling response to TV ads. Harvard Business Review, 54, 109-120.
Cai, X., & Gantz, W. (2000). Online privacy issues associated with Web sites for children. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 44(2), 197.
School Choice Program
This study aimed to determine the impact of school choice through a comparative study of two private schools, which serve primarily, or exclusively African-American students, and a public school.
Data in student achievement in math and reading and data on student attendance were used to determine the impact of choosing a school. Qualitative data derived from interviews with administrators and faculty as well as classroom observation were used to provide additional insight regarding the intellectual climate of the two private schools and the public school.
The focus of this study was on mathematics and reading in middle school students in both public and private schools in Milwaukee, as well as the focus of reform in the state -- reading in Michigan, writing in Vermont and California. This approach enabled me to adequately address my research questions and prove or disprove my hypotheses.
To begin, I conducted structured…
Bibliography
Brown, Andrew (1995). Organizational Culture. London: Pitman Publishing.
Dianda, Marcella. Corwin, Ronald. (February 1993). What a Voucher Could Buy: A Survey of California's Private Schools. Far West Lab for Educational Research and Development, San Francisco, California and Southwest Regional Lab Survey Results.
Fuller, Bruce. (1995). Who Gains, Who Loses from School Choice: A Research Summary. ERIC Document Reproduction Services No. ED385928.
Greene, Jay. Peterson, Paul. Du, Jiangtao. (1997). Effectiveness of School Choice: The Milwaukee Experiment. Occasional Paper 97, Program in Education Policy and Governance Center for American Political Studies, Department of Government, Harvard University.
real world opportunity for improvement within the education profession. For this examination, Boyne City Middle School is being approached for their problems in mathematics achievement. The data suggests that through competency tests, there is a serious rift between math scores and other scores. The inability to address this issue in the past has led to this opportunity for improvement in this area.
For this school, parental involvement is key to it improving its ability to transcend the current problems they are facing. Parental involvement is key to curing many of the ills that are being experienced by this school The general target that is improving math proficiency is suited as a useful opportunity for improvement to focus upon. For this target to be realized some modifications may be necessary to the SIP proposals. More parental and community involvement appears necessary to modify this approach to the desired ends.
Objectives
The…
The pogam pimaily suppots the local Chinese communities to maintain younge geneation's heitage backgound, and speading Chinese cultue in the U.S. The classes ae nomally held two to thee hous on weekends with Chinese language lessons and othe taditional cultual and at activities. Most students have high levels of oal poficiency in Chinese, but needed to enhance skills in liteacy. Chinese heitage schools ae mainly suppoted by two goups: the National Council of Associations of Chinese Language Schools (NCACLS) which is founded by Taiwan o Hong Kong immigant and heitage communities, and the Chinese School Association in the United States (CSAUS) that is connected with immigant and heitage communities fom mainland China. Accoding to Scott McGinnis's (2005) compiled statistics, the combined enollment of NCACLS and CSAUS was aound 150,000 in 2003. The numbe of students in the heitage schools is lage than in othe CFL pogams acoss the U.S.
Many…
references for the researchers and educators that may lead to some recommendations in developing a better learning environment in future foreign language education. The data collected from the surveys will be treated as confidential by me, and all the collected data will be anonymous. The data will be only applied directly to this study and not in other use, nor is it available for other parties. A letter of consent form will be sent to all participants to be aware to the purpose and the use of this study from the collected data. All collected data will be protected by the researcher during the study.
Instrumentation/Materials
A survey developed by the researcher of this study includes two sections of questions which relate to the foreign language learning. The first part of the questions is based on the participants' background and their children's background relating to their cultural and language background. The second section includes questions about the reason of sending their child to CFL program; what level do they want their child to complete Chinese language learning, and what area do they want their child to apply the language. The participants choose from the options provided that applies to them the best. There are three open ended questions, allowing for free comments. (See appendix a).
Research design
The research is a qualitative research design that investigates the similarities and differences between parental motivations towards CFL learning between diverse ethnicities by using an online survey to explore the two essential questions in this research.
Alcohol and substance abuse is a prevalent problem among youth. Effects of alcohol and substance abuse range from mental health problems like depression and suicide ideation to dating violence, to poor academic performance (adliff, Wheaton, obinson, & Morris, 2012). Early exposure to substance and alcohol abuse in the home may lead to an earlier instance of drug and alcohol abuse. This is because of the higher degree of availability and potential lack of parental involvement. This research paper aims to highlight the various ways in which drug and alcohol abuse affect youth from within and outside the home.
Effects of alcohol and substance abuse on high school youth
Academic failure can be one effect of substance and alcohol abuse. One study notes the lack of school commitment from youth experimenting with drugs and alcohol (Kelly et al., 2015, p. 627). The study examined gender, and substance/alcohol abuse in a 30-day…
References
Benjet, C., Borges, G., Medina-Mora, M., & Mendez, E. (2013). Chronic childhood adversity and stages of substance use involvement in adolescents. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 131(1-2), 85-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.12.002
Epstein-Ngo, Q., Cunningham, R., Whiteside, L., Chermack, S., Booth, B., Zimmerman, M., & Walton, M. (2013). A daily calendar analysis of substance use and dating violence among high risk urban youth. Drug And Alcohol Dependence, 130(1-3), 194-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.11.006
Gauffin, K., Vinnerljung, B., Fridell, M., Hesse, M., & Hjern, A. (2013). Childhood socio-economic status, school failure and drug abuse: a Swedish national cohort study. Addiction, 108(8), 1441-1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.12169
Ivanov, I., Liu, X., Shulz, K., Fan, J., London, E., & Friston, K. et al. (2012). Parental substance abuse and function of the motivation and behavioral inhibition systems in drug-naive youth. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 201(2), 128-135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.08.004