Pay Equity Essays (Examples)

Pay Equity

As American business enters the 21st century the issue of unequal pay for equal work continues.

The course of attaining the objectives of just wages for all workers by eradicating the wage disparities between men and women workers is known as pay equity. It necessitates that the unequal jobs of comparatively same value to the employer is to be given the equal wages. Pay equity is considered to be a gender independent pay process that reduced wage inequity. (Policy Statement: Pay Equity) There exist considerable wage disparities between the employed men and women of America. Taking into consideration the educational and political progress of women the advocacy of the women to be in focus by a sexist society into the dominating female occupations seems to be absurd. Irrespective of the fact that more and more female are entering the top executive ranks in America they are to confront…

Pay Equity

1001 EH Tutorial Exercise

Week No & Date:

Corrections/refinement during tutorial discussion - feedback

(Done in class)

What explanations are given by this alliance to account for the gender-wage gap? What evidence is used to support this? Is it convincing? Why or why not? You might also like to look at the submissions made to Fair Work as part of the equal remuneration case. Submissions were also made by employers and employer associations http://www.fwa.gov.au/index.cfm?pagename=remuneration&page=introduction

Gender pay gap, a concept which denotes the difference that exists between the male and female earnings when expressed as a percentage of the male earnings (OECD,2011) has presented a serious problem within the Australian employment sector. The explanations that are given by the alliance to account for the gender-wage gap are numerous. In this section, we explore these reasons, the evidence used in supporting the cases as well as whether these evidences are…

Zippittelli v. J.C. Penney Company Case Study

Case Summary

The case of Zippittelli v. J.C. Penney Company stems from a hiring dispute between the plaintiff, Joanne Zippittelli, and her employer, J.C. Penney Company. In the summer of 2004 the plaintiff worked for the defendant as a general lead clerk in the Call Service Center, and after being informed by her boss that the position of shift operations manager had become available, the plaintiff elected to apply. As one of four women applying for the promotion, each of whom held the same job title at the time, the plaintiff expected her application to be given an equal level of appraisal as her peers during the hiring process conducted by Personnel Manager James Johnson. Instead, according to the plaintiffs allegations before the United States District Court, although the plaintiff passed the interview phase of the hiring process along with two other applicants,…

The other reason for higher salary is based on the performance of the employees. If the employee generates more revenue, they may be given higher compensation as a reward which will also act as an incentive for future improved performance. This is usually the case for sales department whereby the pay can be based on commission. Basing on the red-circling, higher compensation can be given to the employee i.e. specific reasons such as disability are attributed for the higher salaries. In this case the employee can be performing work which requires low pay since the higher paid work cannot be performed by the employee (Pay Equity Commission).

A merit system can be used to incorporate the productivity as a measure for pay increase. The employees who exhibit exceptional performance are rewarded. To ensure validity of this program, criteria with predetermined objectives like accuracy, efficiency and ability is used to evaluate…

From the standpoint of the labor market, the lack of equity in the public system would continue to exist until the market force becomes united and demands a better protection of its rights. For now however, when the people fear the loss of their jobs and when the market place is saturated, the public employers are not pressured to implement equity. At the level of personal evaluation and job contributions, these are only able to reveal the cases of lack of equity through a comparative analysis of contributions, evaluations and compensations of several public sector employees. Individually however, a person who is inequitably rewarded will not be able to make a difference in the system.

In the hypothetical context of a perfect compensation system, several elements would sit at the basis of its evaluation. All these elements would be constructed on complex analyses of past trends, future estimations, equity theory…

Equity, Diversity, And Accountability

One of the biggest problems facing the American educational system is equity in regards to the diverse student body, and how public schools should be made accountable for providing a quality education to all students. Bensimon, Polkinghorne, and Bauman's article "The Accountability Side of Diversity" examines the relevance and effectiveness of an accountability system that is designed to measure schools' response to diversity. The hypothesis is that such an accountability system, while difficult to design and implement, would promote equitable education for American students. This research and the article based on it are optimistic, encouraging, and should help American educational institutions pay greater attention to their treatment of minority students.

This article in large part describes the "Diversity Scorecard," a project of educational accountability experimented on several Los Angeles-area colleges. As the authors state, the Diversity Scorecard was designed not to promote diversity -- for these…

The people who opt for early retirement stop staring contribution to pension system where as they start getting the benefits of pension system. (Prieto, 1997)

The traditional unfunded social security system is facing lot of problems in the United States and other developing countries with the increasing life expectancy of the people. The cost of providing any level of service is directly linked to the percentage of people who are employed against people who have already retired and enjoying pension in a pay-as-you-go system. The problem is continuing and increasing with people's move towards early retirement which is encouraged in many countries social security system. Even in the event of retirement being stabilized, the steep increase in the ratio of the aged against that of working age is contributing to the substantial raise in the cost of pay-as-you-go system. The United States estimators, who work for social security system, forecast…

Equity in Human esource and Management

For a Human esource Department to be successful at what it does, there is a need for the management to put in place policies, regarding rewards system, motivation, job design and equity. Job design, motivation and rewards systems are geared towards increasing the productivity of the employees at the workplace. The objective of having equity in the workplace is to make sure that there is a balance between what workers put in and the wages they get out of their efforts. Equity is also about making sure that if there are conflicts, they are resolved in a fair and just manner. It is obvious that conflicts occur frequently in the workplace. Therefore, there has to be someone who is neutral and can take care of the interests of both sides. This role falls squarely on the shoulders of the guys in charge of Human…

Smith School of Business (at the University of Maryland), where she was granted an MBA (Master of Business Administration) and also the courses of the MIT Sloan School of Management, where she received a Master of Science in management.

Professionally speaking, Fiorina occupied various secretarial positions; she was also a teacher of English in Italy and a receptionist. Her fruitful career began in 1980 when she joined at&T, where after various positions, came to be the company's Senior Vice President. In 1999 she joined Hewlett-Packard as Chief Executive Officer, but was forced to leave in 2005. After her departure from HP, Fiorina engaged in personal and political actions, such as the edition of her book Tough Choices: A Memoir, or campaigning with presidential candidate John McCain (Jacoby, 2008).

Carly Fiorina possesses numerous skills which qualify her for the leader's position. First of all, she has extensive knowledge and expertise, backed…

Pay Pal suffered a number of setbacks and challenges in bringing its IPO to market. The company was attempting to go public after the dot-com bubble had been burst, during a time when the IPO market for tech stocks -- especially those that were not turning a profit -- was terrible. The debut was delayed at the last minute due to a legal challenge from a company known as CertCo, which filed a patent infringement suit. The company had received notice from the state of Louisiana saying that it would not be allowed to do business there until it received a money transmission license (Glasner, 2002). This was seen as a sign that similar challenges could impede its ability to do business in any number of jurisdictions.

The IPO was planned with a proposed sale of 5.4 million shares at a price between $12-14, to raise in the neighborhood of…

human resources. One is determining the levels of pay and benefits within the organization. Most companies are smart enough to understand the value of internal equity, since employees talk to each other, and it is difficult to discriminate internally in terms to pay, by law. Internal equity is practiced most strongly at companies that have strict policies with respect to pay scales. These are typically based on a combination of hierarchy, experience and ability. In some circles, the concept of internal pay equity specifically applies to all levels of the organization, from the CEO on down. A good example of a company that practices strong internal pay equity is Costco. Former CEO Jim Sinegal famously only made $200,000 per year and the new CEO makes less than a million, offering what is at least pay equity for a company in the United States.

Internal pay equity is important because it…

Equal Pay Act: Difficult but Essential to Enforce

According to the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2009, women made about 80% of what men of the same race performing the same jobs did. Historical data from the BLS (and this is consistent with other sources) demonstrate that things have improved little in terms of pay equity for women over the past half century or so (Bureau of Labor Statistics, http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost ). This is true despite the fact that in 1963, the Pay Equity Act became federal law in 1963. It is nearly impossible not to consider this law a failure in its effects given that so little has changed. (One might argue that things might have gotten worse for women absent this law, but this argument seems at least primarily specious.)

Congress enacted the law, which amended the Fair Labor Standards Act, for a number of reasons, including the…

Goodyear which effectively denied employees the right to sue for wage discrimination after the passing of 180 days that "Justice Ruth ader Ginsberg was so incensed she read her scathing dissent aloud from the bench. She defended Lilly Ledbetter's right to sue her employer, Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Inc. For pay discrimination on the basis of sex, giving a not-so-gentle reminder of the realities of the American workplace." (Steiger, 2007) Specifically written by Justice Ginsburg is that as follows:

worker knows immediately if she is denied a promotion or transfer, if she is fired or refused employment. And promotions, transfers, hirings, and firings are generally public events, known to co-workers. When an employer makes a decision of such open and definitive character, an employee can immediately seek out an explanation and evaluate it for pretext. Compensation disparities, in contrast, are often hidden from sight." (Steiger, 2007)

Steiger reports that…

These figures dwarfed what other big businesses paid for discriminatory practices. These businesses included Texaco, Inc.; Shoney's, Inc., Winn-Dixie, Stores, Inc.; and CSX Transportation, Inc. Critics saw Coca-Cola's settlement as signaling a major breakthrough among big businesses as coming to terms with diversity in the workplace (King). ecause the company has been a leader in many areas, these critics regarded it as setting an example of greater openness to promotions across races of employees (King).

Settlement terms included $23.7 million as back pay; $58.7 million as compensatory damages; and $10 million as promotional achievement award fund distributed to the complainants. A remaining $20 million went to attorney's fees and $36 million to the implementation of internal program reforms. Coca-Cola would also create an external, seven-member task force to insure that the terms were complied with and to oversee the company's diversity efforts (King).

According to Social Networks. - Connections in…

Several justifications for the continuous disparity in wages have been explained. It is obvious that women usually receive less and the central issue is to find out the cause. Men have attempted since decades to provide a justification by the help of hypothesis of various academic qualifications achieved by men or the various occupational responsibilities or vocations controlled by women as against those controlled by men. One reason is that women are featured in the remuneration gap equation, and a lot of these women belonging to a bygone period that continue to be dependent on the behavior and circumstances prevailing in the yester years. (Nash, 68)

Adversaries of uniformity in remuneration assert that preferences and not inequity is responsible for the disparity in the remuneration gap. People who are not in support of bridging the gap in remuneration between men and women think that the gap is present due to…

compensation and traditional bases for pay.

Mary's Case

Background- Mary is what you could call a perfect employee. She holds the post of a supervisor in a construction company. She has been with the construction company for over 15 years. Mary is one of the few females in the male-dominated company and also the only female supervisor. All her male colleagues joined the company at least five years after her, but got promoted ahead of her. She is the only one among them with an advanced degree. Mary is in love with her job and has no complaints about the treatment she gets. One day, after a long and rough day at work, she decided to go out with some of her colleagues for dinner. While dining with her colleagues, some of her male colleagues got into a discussion about their salaries and other job openings that offer better paychecks.…

WOMEN'S IGHTS: EQUALITY IN THE WOKFOCE, EQUAL PAY

Women's ights: Equality in the Workplace, Equal Pay

Legislative background. The word "sex" is always an attention-getter, and when used in legislation, it can be polarizing. Public Law 82-352 (78 Stat. 241) was passed by Congress in 1964 as a civil rights statute. The Law made it a crime to discriminate in all aspects of employment on the basis of race and sex. epresentative Howard W. Smith (D-VA) added the word "sex" at the eleventh hour (O'Neill, 2011), reported to keep the bill from being passed. As a conservative Southerner, Smith was seen as an opponent of federal civil rights legislation. But Smith defended his action, explaining that he had amended the bill because of his work with the National Women's Party and his efforts to support Alice Paul. The effort to retain the word "sex" in the bill was led by…

If this were the case then the provisions of the Equal Pay Act might be of some assistance, although women's lower rates of payment might be explained by reference to factors such as age/work experience/seniority within the workplace or concentration in lower grades which might (but might not) be discrimination-free. Alternatively, women might be doing the same jobs as men, but doing them in female workplaces, with the effect that no comparison would be possible under the Equal Pay Act" (p. 215).

Essentially, what McColgan (1997) is implying is that there could be logical reasons for women earning fewer cents on the dollar than men, most of which have to do with women having spent less time in the workforce than men. While this logic might have applied in much of the last half of the twentieth century, our current generation has long passed the era when women were primarily…

Negotiation Strategies

The author of this report is asked to review a situation, both in general and in particular, as it relates to gender pay equity in Australia and how decentralization has led to a lower performance threshold as far as that goes. The questions that will be answered are what the fundamental problems are for women in the workplace as part of remuneration goes, how the author would prepare for negotiations given the state of affairs that exist and to define an interest (two of them) and the positions that will underpin them. While women have traditionally been the homemakers and second chair in the workplace over the course of history, those women that wish to be career minded should not encounter a glass ceiling and they should be paid equally.

Negotiation Strategies

The barriers that exist are not hard to miss. In Australia as well as around the…

Access and Equity of Higher Education by the Population

Policy Analysis Memo Draft Format guidelines

Equity in higher education is a serious concern as the cost of tuition continues to increase. The cost of college tuition has increased by over 150% in the last three decades. Current financial pressure on students leads them to using student loans as a method to pay for college tuition or other strategies such as opting for two-year degrees. Higher education institutions are also facing the same economic pressure and feel forced to increase tuition fees leading to a vicious cycle of tuition fee increase. Looking at the expenditure of higher education institutions, the largest increase in expenditure over the same 30-year period has been in labor costs. The administrative costs per student enrolled has increased considerably (Ladd & Fiske, 2012). The current situation in higher education means the tuition fees are unsustainable and there…

This would help to protect those people who invest in these kinds of companies, and also help them feel safer in doing so. In addition, it would protect the people who work for these companies so they could be less concerned about whether they will lose jobs if the company were to suddenly fold up based on things like bad accounting practices and lying. That is what happened with Enron, and people who had worked at the company for years and were close to retirement suddenly found that they had no job and no pension. A tightening of SEC rules would not completely prevent this, but would go a long way toward helping protect people from unscrupulous companies.

From reviewing the literature, it would appear as though the SEC has some problems in its organization, but also that they fail to deal with a lot of the issues that are…

pay back period" is the length of time that is required to cover the cost of an investment. I would use this in order to make a good financial decision.

The calculation that I would do is as follows:

"http://i.investopedia.com/inv/dictionary/terms/paybackperiod.gif" d?

For instance, if a project costs $100,000 and is expected to return $20,000 annually, the payback period will be $100,000 / $20,000, or, in other words, $20 per 5 years.

The better investment is the one that has the shorter pay back period.(Investopeida)

Another tool that I would use to measure the time value of money to assess long-term projects is Net present value (NPV). Businesses use it to measure the value of a time series of cash flows both incoming and outgoing. For instance, when all types of cash flows are incoming (such as bonds or coupons), and the only cash outflow is the purchase price, the NPV…

Now, the last one involves the balancing competitiveness with internal alignment through the use of ranges, flat rates, and/or bands. This is very important because a company would want to know who they are competing against and what they have to offer that will be able to go against them in the marketplace. Other things mentioned in this chapter, involve chapter talks about market pay survey (Salvador & Garcia-Menendez, 2001). There are three matters to look at before using pay surveys. One of those things is figuring out which employers will need to be included in the survey because clearly, everyone does not need to be involved. The second thing is to find out which jobs are will need to be included in the survey because obviously the proper ones need to be selected. It is not really necessary to use all of them. If multiple surveys are used, how…

"(National ureau of Economic Research, 2001) Analysis of this period was conducted with data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and findings indicate that women "were able to more than overcome the effect of adverse shifts in overall wage structure (that is rising labor-market returns to skills and to employment in high-paying male sectors) on their relative wages by improving their qualifications relative to men. So, although on average women continue to have less labor-market experience than men, they have narrowed the gender difference in experience considerably. They also have upgraded their occupations relative to men's, as they moved out of clerical and service occupations and into professional and managerial jobs. Women also have benefited from a decrease in the "unexplained" pay gap. Such a shift may reflect an upgrading of women's unmeasured labor-market skills, a decline in labor market discrimination against women, or a shift in labor market…

User Pays System Within the Hong Kong Social Welfare Programs

As an economically developed country with high standards of living, Hong Kong, like many developed countries in the West and the Far East, is facing an increasing problem in its traditional social welfare system. Hong Kong has a large middle-class and significant lower-class populations who need to be protected from unexpected economic problems, while the government also needs to maintain its competitiveness in the global arena. Fiscally austere policies aimed at building a business-friendly atmosphere may be good for economics overall but may leave the middle -- and the working-class insecure, while increasing government expenditures for social welfare programs may hurt the economy. In the face of this dilemma and other problems involving the economy and the welfare system, the government of Hong Kong plans to introduce and promote the "user pays" system. It is the position of this paper…

equity at Facebook is to use the capital asset pricing model. The formula for CAPM is as follow:

Rj = RF + ?j [RM - RF]

The first step to determining the cost of equity is to gather the different variables go into CAPM. The risk free rate is the first such variable. The risk free rate reflects the rate of return that an investor can earn on an investment that has no risk The only investments that are deemed to have no risk are Treasury securities. This is because the U.. Treasury prints money, so there is zero risk that these will not be repaid. There is risk that the payment will not have the same real value, but it will have the same nominal value as expected.

According to the U.. Treasury webpage, a one-year Treasury bond carries with it a rate of 0.13%. This is the risk…

On the other hand, organizations that focus on external equity enjoys the advantage of attracting and retaining highly qualified employees. Similarly, the rate of staff turnover is extremely minimal as the staffs remain aware that their organization is offering compensation packages, which are streamlined accordingly with the compensation in the market. However, insisting on the external equity bears also some disadvantages. For instance, by focusing on the prevailing market compensation, an organization whose economic state does not support such pay package ends up hurting its operations. Similarly, resentment within the top brass, such as CEO's and other managers may crop due to inequality dictated by the conditions in the market (CCH, Incorporated and Myers, 2003).

It is worth noting that a given organization may resort to choose a definite compensation plan depending on its objectives. For instance, Intel chose internal equity plan which is in accordance to its objective of…

.....debt and equity has a number of different implications, including some significant tax implications. Debt is repaid from earnings prior to taxation, where equity payouts typically occur on an after-tax basis. This is because debt repayments take priority over the payment of dividends or even to stock buybacks or retained earnings. Debt capital is thus repaid before the company is taxed -- debt lowers taxable income. Thus, debt will also lower the total tax burden that the company faces (FindLaw, 2017).

If the company opts for equity financing, it will face a higher tax burden. The taxable income will be higher, which means that the total tax payable will also be higher. Then, the equity that flows to shareholders will do so on an after-tax basis. The shareholders of course will also pay tax on whatever flows they receive. For the corporation, even though it doesn't pay that tax, it…

Undocumented tudents Equity to in-tate Tuition:

Reducing The Barriers

There exist policy ambiguities and variations at federal, state, and institutional levels related to undocumented student access to and success in higher education and this has created problems for these students. This study investigated specific policies and procedures to provide the resources and capital to assist undocumented students as well as reviewed key elements of showing the correlation of these difficulties with ethnic identity in access and equity to higher education that would help eliminate student's frustration. The study also illustrated that there is no accountability system surrounding the success of undocumented student's postsecondary education divide significant structure. Three research questions guided the study; a) Without the fundamental requirements met how will undocumented students achieve their goal to attain a degree, and seek a rewarding career? b) Is it unjust to extradite an illegal alien who has been living a constructive…

It means they have an equal opportunity to receive contraception, prenatal counseling and services, post-natal services for mother and child, preventative healthcare services, vaccinations, and dentistry services, from earliest childhood and through their lives into their elderly years when they require more medical services to remain healthy and active. To the extent everyone in a given community or society has the same relative access to healthcare services and to the extent those services received are of comparable quality, healthcare access could be described as being equitable. On the other hand, to the extent everyone in a given community or society does not have the same relative access to healthcare services and to the extent those services received are not of comparable quality, healthcare access could be describes as being inequitable (Kennedy, 2006; eid, 2009).

Healthcare Equity in the Contemporary United States

Unfortunately healthcare access in the U.S. is not equitable…

Social Equity

Justice and Social Equity

Income inequality is growing at a precipitous rate in America. The cry for justice for the 99% reflects the notion that America is increasingly being dominated by wealthy elites, and the wealthy can use their greater economic, political and social capital to sustain their advantage at the helm of American society. This is manifested in a variety of ways, including the high burden of debt carried by young people who try to better themselves by going to college and then are faced with the prospect of being beholden to that debt for most their productive working lives -- provided that they can find a job upon graduating. Fear of debt may drive the children of the middle and lower classes to cheaper colleges, thus creating even more of a concentration of wealth and power, given the social connections that can be fostered at elite…

PACTICES ELATING TO STOCKHOLDES' EQUITY

Hello. I write a project paper Accounting-302 (intermediate accounting 2). The topic Stockholder's Equity corporation. The emphasis practices,, corporations operate. For, I identify company ( - company) conduct a mini case study topic Stockholder's Equity company.

Common practices relating to stockholders' equity

Stockholders' equity is an item of the balance sheet that represents the capital that has been raised by the investors in the business in exchange for stock, referred to as paid-in capital, retained earnings, and donated capital. It represents the stake of the investors in the company and is calculated by deducting the company's total liabilities from their total assets. Accounting experts commonly refer to stockholders' equity as the book value of the company since it captures the funds that were originally invested by the investors and the additional investments that they made thereafter Lowe, 1961.

It also captures earnings that the company…

Merit wage increases are awarded to employees for their ability to meet stated goals.

4) Because employees define their own goals and deadlines, they may not be appropriately aligned with organizational goals and employees may set them too low just so they can meet them. Equity is part of the salary increase process, but comes only after allocation of merit. This could mean that serious inequities in pay go unresolved. Employees are rebelling against the system, as evidenced by overrides of dates and resistance to entering goals.

5) Management should work more closely with employees to set goals and the notion of team goals should be incorporated into the system to foster team work. Equity should not take a back seat to merit; adjustments should be made to resolve inequities, particularly those that may be related to gender, race or age. Once employees have submitted goals, they should be frozen…

Unethical/Criminal Conduct following the Equities Market Crash 2000 to 2002

This paper is a discussion of the identification and analysis of unethical and criminal conduct following the equities market crash from 2000 to 2002. The paper begins with an Introduction to the problem in Chapter One that also contains the hypothesis for the paper, the definition of terms section, and other valuable information. This information sets up the rest of the paper and gives rise to the belief that there was a great deal of unethical and criminal conduct in this country following this event.

A review of the literature follows in Chapter Two where information available about the issue will be presented and discussed. At least 60 sources will be analyzed in order to receive a complete picture of the issue. Chapter Three will then set up the methodology for analyzing this literature and determining what, if any, decision…

Brand equity is becoming a necessity within the modern day business climate, when economic agents compete not only for market shares, but also for the best employees, the best technologies or the best resources. In this setting, brand equity provides competitive advantages and points of differences and is essential.

The creation of brand equity varies across industries, across economic agents and it depends on various elements. In other words, there are no secret recipes to creating brand equity, but Yahoo! has to devise its own strategies based on its own specifics. Some of the features which can impact the brand equity strategy would include the size of the company and its resource availability, the marketing expertise it possesses, the features of the market it addresses or the nature of the items it sells.

In terms of the items commercialized, it could be argued that brand equity is created differently at…

Often employees also receive an end-of-year lump sum bonus that is not included in their base pay (Employee Compensation, 2010).

Perkins and Balkin can choose to do any types of compensation plans that they want to. They can have plans for different areas within the organization. For example, everyone in the company could be on an hourly compensation plan while say the sales department could be on a pay for performance plan. The key is to make sure that everyone that is within a department is on the say type of plan so that everything is kept fair and ethical.

A high performance work system has many benefits for both employees and organizations. If employees feel that they are part of a high performance system then they will be happier employees and thus more productive. There are seven steps that a company must go through in order to establish a…

SEO

This literature review looks at the question of SEO return characteristics of large and small firms from several different perspectives. The goal is to determine whether small firms are more effected by the equity offering than larger firms. This section examines the overall evidence for performance issues (including financial anomalies and manager performance) and whether research indicates evidence for a rational or behavioral explanation.

Financial Anomalies

A firm's success in a seasoned equity or initial public offering is determined by many factors that are seemingly disconnected, but which the research shows are interdependent. Among these are the anomalies that cannot adequately be described by rational theories of pricing. As an example, Li (2012) suggests that the cyclical nature of the economy has a far greater effect on certain types of offerings (IPOs and SEOs among them) than was previously thought. Again, the relatively unpredictable nature of firms and investors…

This make it easier to finance firm operations by selling stock, but on the other hand the firm can be forced to pay shareholders when it needs the cash to finance its debt, invest in new projects, or simply to pay for its daily activities without going further into debt.

The final method is that of a hybrid method. Dividends are paid on a stable basis. But over the long-term, the debt-to-equity ratio is reviewed, and if the firm is regularly coming short on paying its debts and other expenses, payments to shareholders may be curtailed (How and why do companies pay dividends, 2010, Investopedia). This is the preferred method, given the added flexibility it offers the firm. Hybrid methods have the ability to ensure the firm's long-term financial health, as payments can be curtailed in times of sustained economic hardship -- but hybrid payments still offer stable returns for…

Shuffle master is a little known equity, as evidenced by the fact that it is 95% owned by institutional investors such as pension funds and mutual funds. It is what would be considered a small cap stock, with a capitalization of a mere 500 million dollars. The company is unique in that it maintains almost no debt and maintains no long-term debt. With a beta of.659, Shuffle Master has less than half the undifferentiable risk that its market peers do, but more than the industry average of.54. Shuffle Master's P/E is higher than average at slightly more than 32. The industry average is between 25 and 26. According to the most recent income statement, 12-month trailing revenue growth totals 17%. This is exceeded by earnings growth, which at 20.9% reflects both decreasing expenses and the non-existence of interest expenses.

Shuffle Master's profit margin, at 25.82%, is quite high, as is…

What Fromm was implying is that the form of education described is seen as a way of having rather than being.

Fromm wrote those words back in 1957, but it is still utterly true in that education, now more than ever, is viewed as a commodity; we are told from the time we are very small children that education is an investment. In the society we live in, there is no doubt that it is. The education we either have or don't have is a direct influence on what kind of job we get and, ultimately, what kind of life we lead. We very rarely -- if ever -- think of our education as a piece of the puzzle -- that is, as a way of being directly associated with human flourishing. By gaining the best education we can, we wouldn't be readily willing to agree that it is alienating…

Sourcing equity / ax management

Contrasting between global tax systems

National taxing has been proven to affect economic decisions made by MNEs. ypically, the settlement of taxation will take two different approaches, which are the worldwide approach and the territorial approach. he first approach will levy taxes based upon the income earned by firms that are controlled in the host country. herefore, an investor earning income internationally would find his/her income taxed by the local tax authorities. For example, a country such as the United States will tax the income earned based upon firms that are located in the U.S. whether the income is received by firms based in the United States, domestically sourced, and/or foreign sourced (Moffett, Stonehill & Eitemen, 2012). However, an issue that arises is that the taxation does not take into consideration the foreign companies that are based in the United States.

herefore, the territorial approach…

Remuneration & ther Subjects

The authors of this report have been asked to assess a number of subjects surrounding remuneration of employees and the overall corporate/social ethics involved in the same in Australia. There are also some tangential and related subjects that will also be spoken of. In total, there are five broad-based questions. The first question speaks about risk aversion, profit/wealth maximization, wealth management, different stances that different people and personnel take vis-a-vis risk and financial reporting manipulation. The second question references the horizon problem. This second question looks at the different motivations and perspectives that different people in an investment and accounting situation might take. Managers have their axe to grind and stakeholders typically have a different one. How bonuses for investment managers figure in will also be explored. Finally, there will be a review for the fifth question that pertains to the transparency and visibility of remuneration…

Secondly, performance-related pay increases prevents inflationary tendencies since such increases are the outcomes of increased productivity. Managers and employees are benefited by performance-related pay increases in the following way: when profit or performance goes up higher earnings go to the employees. However, when the profits come down, the lowering of performance-related pay can protect employees from job losses. Moreover, there is enhanced motivation as employee can identify with the success of the business. Depending on the information-sharing habits of the management, pay variations may result in employees knowing more about fortunes and misfortunes that a business goes through. (de Silva, 1998)

Other advantages of performance-related pay include the following: it is an effective method of coping with poor performance; introducing such a reward system can help to develop a performance culture within the company; it can work as a direct incentive for employees to help reach defined job targets; an…

Gender Equity in Education

Taking the Field: Women, Men and ports (Michael a. Messner)

Chapters One, Two, Three & Five

Women and men are clearly different, in ways far beyond mere physical composition, as Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus discusses in deep detail. But, the author (Messner, 2002) of Taking the Field: Women, Men and ports also wonders: where children are from, how children "do gender," how the American Youth occer Organization (AYO) does gender, and he wonders about the cultural symbolism of the process of sports. These are valid investigative questions.

Other questions posed by Messner: is gender a "thing" that one "is" or "has" - or is it situation-constructed through one's performance on the soccer field, for example? Those questions came to mind after the author witnesses the "Barbie Girls vs. ea Monsters" soccer contest - with "boys...unwittingly constituted as an audience for the girls"…

This method is popular amongst firms in cyclical industries, as it allows them to curtail dividends during down cycles and reward their investors handsomely during up cycles.

The market analyzes stocks based on their returns, of which dividends are just one components. Dividend policy is considered to be a measure of a company's financial health, and a function of its business situation. The dividend is not considered important for investors in growth stocks, who view the company's business opportunities as being lucrative enough that free cash should be reinvested rather than paid out. Conversely, high dividend stocks, known as "widows and orphans" are considered to be companies in mature industries with steady income streams. The market's view is that there is little to be gained for such companies to reinvest their earnings. ecause of this, the opportunity for capital gains is limited, and investors will require the certainty of a…

Wage Equity for Women

Compensation and Gender Pay Gap

Compensation is one of the main functions of human resource management (HM), with the goals of meeting an organization's objectives, maximizing an organization's investment in a labor force, and rewarding employees for their contribution. Ideally, HM should implement a compensation policy that provides equitable and consistent treatment for all employees, thereby improving productivity, employee retention, and loyalty. The term 'procedural justice' has been used to describe this process and represents, for example, whether an employee perceives a compensation policy as equitable and fair.

Based on Taylor's (1989) analysis, the Equal Pay Act of 1963 fails to address procedural justice because it ignores jobs with 'comparable worth.' The Equal Pay Act requires equal compensation for equal work, but Taylor (1989) points out that jobs with equal value to an employer or society also deserve equivalent rates of compensation, regardless of whether comparable…

Advertising and Promotion1 Advertising in the 21st CenturyThe 21st century is the Digital Age, the age that marked the shift from legacy media to new media. Advertisers have thus focused more and more on digital media, social media, and clicks than on the power of print media or traditional commercials on TV. The reason for this shift is that more people now use their mobile devices for browsing the Internet, consuming information, shopping via e-commerce, or communicating with peers than ever before. More people have cut the cord of cable TV and now stream content via providers like Amazon Prime, Netflix, Hulu, Disney+, HBOMax and more. Fewer people read books and magazines than ever before. Advertisers have to go where the eyeballs are, and digital media platforms like Facebook and Google have ways to track eyeballs through online monitoring, which gives advertisers a way to understand what users are doing.…

Compensation and Differences in Pay

Reasons for Differences in Pay

The reasons for pay differences include:

Good performance that warrants increased compensation - EX, GS

Organization Loyalty - GS, PE

Experience - amount of time with the organization; - EQ

Education and professional qualification level, training, and skills - EQ

Negotiation made when recruiting

Seniority in the office environment - EQ

Need for retaining employee through compensation - PE

Hard work; - EX, GS

Personal traits in commanding respects and motivating others - EQ

Acknowledgment or preferential treatment from a manager.

Expectancy Theory

The difference in compensation resulting from the good performance that warrants increased compensation and hard work draw relevance from the expectancy theory. Expectancy theory argues that employees have an expectation that the effort they put in work tasks, and the performance that yields will be valued. The expectation of valuations of the outcomes influences an individual motivation…

value? exhorts the reader to pay closer attention to the drivers of value. He argues that bubbles typically occur when people in the financial community lose sight of value, and that this is something that should be guarded against. Tried and true economic principles, he argues, will always hold, and the prudent investor will never forget them.

The prompt for Koller's article is the recession of 2008-2009, which resulted in a crisis. He spends a few paragraphs explaining, in brief, how he sees the crisis as having emerged. He cites two key factors. One is that a misinterpretation of the concept of value led bankers and investors alike to consider mortgage-backed securities as safe when they weren't. The mistake about value was thinking that by securitizing mortgages, that added value. He makes the point that securitizing the mortgages did not enhance their value, and therefore these products should not have…

Iron Triangle" Of Care, Cost, And Quality

Prior to explicating the particular direction that the health care system in the United States needs to take to consistently offer high levels of health care access at reasonable costs with substantial quality, it is necessary to understand the so-called iron triangle conundrum. The typical view of health care in the U.S. is that these three important factors (cost, quality and access) inevitably produce a detrimental effect upon one another. This viewpoint propounds the notion that increasing access to health care will inevitably drive up the costs associated with it, and quite possibly produce a noxious effect on the quality of such care. Conversely, there is a popularly held belief that reducing costs for health care will lead to a definite reduction in the quality of care delivered. Essentially, the iron curtain view of these three aspects of health care maintains that any…

Working egulations & Conditions

The Working Tine egulations of 1998 established a variety of legal provisions impacting the working hours and rest periods of employees. egulation 12 establishes the right to an uninterrupted break of 20 minutes for a daily work period in excess of six hours. egulation 10 establishes an entitlement to a daily rest period of 11 consecutive hours for each 24 hours during which the employee works, although there are a host of exceptions to this provision. egulation 11 establishes the right of adult workers to one day off a week, averaged over a two-week period (National Archives 2012).

There are a variety of provisions, and rights, available to mothers, fathers, and adult caretakers that impact the terms and conditions of an employee's employment. Using women as an example, it is clear that there are many provisions intended to protect, and enhance, the employment conditions and opportunities…

Broadbanding: Compensation of a "Different Color"

In a 1997 survey reported by the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, more than two-thirds of state government personnel managers indicated they "would like to change their state's salary and classification systems" (http://www.afscme.org/wrkplace/cbr2971.htm). They believed that their governments had far too many job titles, far too few people filling each title, and outmoded salary systems (some over two decades old). But what kind of solution would help companies win that "numbers game"?
Enter "broadbanding," the practice of structuring job classifications to have fewer "layers" than a traditional compensation system. For example, a company that starts out with eight layers compresses those layers to four broader ones, creating a new set of job classifications that grou p
similar skill sets and skilled personnel together. Overnight (or so it can seem), a company's entire compensation picture shifts, its grades change, and the "lay…

Compensation Plan Outline

Ford Motor Company is the largest manufacturer of heavy commercial vehicles and second largest producer of automobiles in the world. Their range of vehicles comprises 70 different types that include Jaguar, Lincoln, Volvo, Mercury, Aston Martin, and Ford with presence in over 30 countries worldwide. Ford employs over 300,000 employees across the globe. In the United States itself, Ford has an employee strength nearing 100,000 employees and sales exceeding three million units (Joesph, 2003).

Compensation Plan of Ford Motor Company

Association with Ford Motor Company is a fulfilling experience for the workforce. The company offers motivation for exemplary work ethics, opportunities for individual and collective growth that translates into challenges to be met and overcome. The vast range of vehicles produced in the company provides the stimulus for development of the personnel at all levels, as does the cultural and regional diversity of the workforce itself. Ford…

organization can use to help reduce the gender wage gap, which is a complex problem in the modern labor force. The comparison begins with a discussion of the background information regarding this problem and its causes. The importance of reducing the gender wage gap in the workforce to the businesses, workers, and the overall economy is also examined. Following this analysis, the article presents negotiation and flexible work schedules as the two major ways that organizations can use to address the problem. Based on the comparison of these measures, flexible work schedules are recommended as the most appropriate strategy to help deal with the issue.

educing Gender Gap in Pay:

The achievement of stronger and sustainable growth through increasing the productivity of labor and human capital requires equal economic opportunities for men and women. In the past few years, this process has largely been affected by gender wage gap regardless…

Equitable Compensation

The objective of this study is to examine fair and equitable compensation and to utilize critical thinking in discussing issues from two perspectives and those being the perspectives of both employee and employer. The writer's own concepts will be critically examined concerning compensation and benefits issues.

Defining Fair and Equitable

In order to examine the issue of fair and equitable compensation it is necessary that the words 'fair' and 'equitable' be defined. The word 'fair' is defined by the Merriam-Webster Dictionary as "agreeing with what is thought to be right or acceptable" and "pleasing to the eye or mind especially because of fresh, charming, or flawless quality." (2013, p.1) The word 'equitable' is defined by the Merriam-Webster Dictionary as "dealing fairly and equally with all concerned." (2013, p.1) Therefore, fair and equitable compensation means that the compensation offered by the employer to the employee is fair and equal…

iordan Manufacturing: Internal and External Compensation

iordan Manufacturing: External and Internal Equity Compensation

iordan Manufacturers, being a leader in its industry, appreciates the need to meet the needs of its employees through a fair compensation policy - one that equates pay with the value of the task performed, because fair treatment boosts employee performance and morale, and is an effective employee retention technique (omanoff, Boehm & Benson, n.d.). Internal equity compensation describes an employee's compensation in relation to that of other employees at the same level within iordan Manufacturing (H Council, 2014). External equity, on the other hand, compares iordan Manufacturing's wages with those of organizations within the industry.

Employee compensation is fundamental to iordan Manufacturing, just as is stipulated in the company's compensation philosophy. iordan realizes the intensity of global competition and understands that in order to maintain its industry position and market share, it has to acquire the…

Advice is given to supervisors on how to correct poor appearance and employee misconduct. In these instances, progressive guidelines and other requirements must be taken into account the completing disciplinary actions and in resolving employee grievances and appeals. Information is given to employees to encourage a better understanding of management's goals and policies. Information is also given to employees in order to assist them in improving poor performance, on or off duty misconduct, and/or to address personal issues that influence them in the workplace. Employees are told about appropriate policies, legislation, and bargaining agreements. Employees are also directed about their complaint and appeal rights and discrimination and whistleblower safeguards (Employee elations, 2009).

Preserving a positive, productive work environment is significant for all managers. This is often accomplished by engaging in: mentoring and coaching your staff, regular feedback, including annual performance reviews, open and honest communication regarding group, unit and university…

omen in Corporate Professions

The American workforce is increasingly reflecting the changing American demographic. "Minorities" like women and people of color are occupying more management and leadership positions in the business world and corporate America. Their presence has begun to trigger changes in how companies are managed and in the broader areas of corporate culture.

However, in many ways, women in business continue to face unique problems because of their gender. This paper discusses how these difficulties continue to form barriers for women in the business world. The effects of gender stereotypes and expectations can be seen in virtually all aspects of employment -- from hiring practices to wages, from chances for advancement to retirement benefits. This paper examines how factors like unequal pay and a male-dominated corporate culture help to ensure that the American corporate world remains largely an enclave of men.

Unfair hiring and advancement practices

In a…

Figue 1. Demogaphic composition of the United States (2003 estimate).

Souce: Based on tabula data in Wold Factbook, 2007 (no sepaate listing is maintained fo Hispanics).

Fom a stictly pecentage pespective, it would seem that Asian-Ameicans do not epesent much of a theat at all to mainsteam Ameican society, but these mee numbes do not tell the whole stoy of couse. Fo one thing, Asian-Ameicans ae one of the most divese and fastest gowing goups in the United States today (Hong, Kim & Wolfe, 2005). Accoding to Alvaez and Kimua (2001), studies have documented time and again that, consistent with thei histoical teatment, Asian-Ameicans continue to be the tagets of acially motivated popety vandalism, vebal haassment, theft, physical assaults, and in some instances, homicide; futhemoe, othe studies have confimed that a pesistent patten diving anti-Asian violence is the peception of Asian-Ameicans as foeignes who pesent an economic, academic, social, and/o…

For instance, LaFleur and Hyten (1995) suggested that performance of hotel banquet staff improved when staff members received monthly bonuses function of their ability to meet accuracy and timeliness goals in setting up banquet functions (cited in Ambrose & Kulik, 1999).

Implementing these strategies should be facilitated by the fact that the two strategies complete each other. Establishing clear goals and their attainment is facilitated by the incentive, which may increase goal commitment, motivation, and thus, performance.

eferences

Incentive media kit (2005), etrieved from site: http://www.huttonmedialimited.com/images/pdfs/Incentive-rates-Production2005.pdf

Ambrose, M.L., & Kulik, C.T. (1999). Old friends, new faces: Motivation research in the 1990s. Journal of Management, 25(3), 231-292.

Steven H. Appelbaum, ammie Kamal (2000). An analysis of the utilization and effectiveness of non-financial incentives in small business. Journal of Management Development, Volume: 19 Issue: 9 Pp. 733-763

t Hon. Andrew Smith MP. "Making a difference - motivating people to improve performance," etrieved…