Phishing: What is it and how to prevent it?
'Phishing' messages have grown increasingly common online. Phishing is a scam technique used to solicit user's credit card information, social security numbers, and other vital data. "Phishing messages usually take the form of fake notifications from banks, providers, e-pay systems and other organizations. The notification will try to encourage a recipient, for one reason or another, to urgently enter/update their personal data. Such excuses usually relate to loss of data, system breakdown, etc." (What is phishing, 2012, Secure List). These messages may be sent in a general fashion or to a target base of users. It is not unusual to get a phishing message from, say, Bank of America, even though the recipient has no Bank of America account. The hope is that users who do use BoA will mistake the message for a real notification, open the email, and follow the…...

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References

How to protect yourself against phishing. . (2012). Fraud Watch International. Retrieved:

 http://www.fraudwatchinternational.com/phishing-fraud/phishing-protection/ 

Phishing email scams. (2012). Fraud Watch International. Retrieved:

www.fraudwatchinternational.com/phishing-fraud/phishing-email-methods/

Phishing Problem in Internet Security
The number of people browsing the net across the world is increasing with each passing day. There are numerous new internet users each day, and these new users are not aware of the challenges or security issues of the internet. Any online user is vulnerable to numerous security risks like viruses, worms, Trojan horses, hackers, phishing, and pharming. All these are well-documented risks that users face, and some of these risks are constantly evolving. The viruses that users were used to in the past are very different from the ones for today. Scammers have made use of different methods in order to gain access to sensitive user information. The scammers mainly target financial, banking, credit card, and personal information in the frauds. Phishing is a method of gaining personal information from a user by masquerading as the trustworthy entity (Marforio, Masti, Soriente, Kostiainen, & Capkun, 2015).…...

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References

Goodman, J.T., Rehfuss, P.S., Rounthwaite, R.L., Mishra, M., Hulten, G.J., Richards, K.G., . . . Deyo, R.C. (2012). Phishing detection, prevention, and notification: Google Patents.

Hong, J. (2012). The state of phishing attacks. Communications of the ACM, 55(1), 74-81.

Levin, R., Richardson, J., Warner, G., & Kerley, K. (2012). Explaining Cybercrime through the Lens of Differential Association Theory, Hadidi44-2. php PayPal Case Study. Paper presented at the eCrime Researchers Summit (eCrime), 2012.

Marforio, C., Masti, R.J., Soriente, C., Kostiainen, K., & Capkun, S. (2015). Personalized Security Indicators to Detect Application Phishing Attacks in Mobile Platforms. arXiv preprint arXiv:1502.06824.

This means that you must train employees how to identify various forms of phishing. At the same time, you must implement some kind of security procedures that will place a restriction, on how personal information is distributed. For example, employees could be trained in spotting various kinds of fictitious emails. However, when they run across an email like that is requesting information, there would be a procedure where the company will call the customer at the telephone number on file. This is significant, because it will improve the vigilance of: employees involving various phishing related emails. If for some reason, one happens to go through, no information can be released until you contact the customer at the telephone number they provide. This will prevent phishing, by having an initial process for detecting vulnerabilities and having some kinds of checks / balances in place. (Goldman, 2009)
Once you have an effective…...

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Bibliography

Phishing. (2010). Retrieved June 24, 2010 you're your Dictionary website:  http://www.yourdictionary.com/computer/phishing 

Goldman, P. (2009). The Scam Model. Anti-Fraud Risk and Control Workbook (pp. 103 -- 105). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Jones, a. (2005). Risk Analysis. Risk Management for Computer Security (pp 198 -- 204). Burlington, MA: Elsevier

Critical Thinking: Addressing the Data BreachA data breach within our organization has occurred and requires immediate attention. This incident involves the unauthorized access and potential dissemination of sensitive data. It has serious legal and organizational implications. Understanding the full extent of the breach and its impact is imperative. To obtain this understanding, this critical thinking paper applies critical thinking and analytical skills to dissect the problem, identify the root causes, and propose recommended solutions. This paper gives a thorough analysis of the issue by considering various viewpoints and giving recommendations for improving our security measures.Explanation of the IssueThe issue at hand involves a breach of confidential information within our organization. This breach impacts our internal processes and our external relationships with clients and partners. The initial discovery of this breach came through an internal audit, which uncovered that sensitive data had been accessed and possibly disseminated without proper authorization. This…...

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References

Asharf, J., Moustafa, N., Khurshid, H., Debie, E., Haider, W., & Wahab, A. (2020). A review of

intrusion detection systems using machine and deep learning in internet of things: Challenges, solutions and future directions. Electronics, 9(7), 1177.

Ometov, A., Petrov, V., Bezzateev, S., Andreev, S., Koucheryavy, Y., & Gerla, M. (2019).

As such, people that use high amounts of bandwidth should be on the up and need to be paying for any extra bandwidth they use. Indeed, many ISP's put hard data caps on data usage and punish (if not throttle) people that are abusive. In the age of Netflix, figuring out what is what can be hard but drilling down to the network traffic in question can clarify that.
However, this even pertains to network managers/engineers at businesses. Whether it be for the data management/hassle avoidance items mentioned above and/or because employees are engaging in unethical (if not illegal) things at work, all of the above needs to be done. General training on virus/malware avoidance has to be engaged in but users should not be expected to get it all right themselves as they will often make very poor choices. Technologies such as firewalls, internet filters and overall limits on…...

Some programs are even able to track keystrokes and take snapshots of computer screens, allowing criminals even more information, such as credit card numbers and usernames (Bahl, 219).
While the obtaining of information through fraud is a problem related to Internet activity, there are other concerns with privacy that are still considered legal. For example, a company can obtain your personal information from transactions, and legally sell that information to the highest bidder (Sinrod, 17). While information traded between companies can increase competition, when the information is purchased by unscrupulous buyers, such transactions can threaten the security, privacy, and identity of consumers.

In addition, while restrictions exist on the government's collection of private and personal information from the Internet, loopholes exist that allow the government to obtain information without the knowledge of consumers. An example is the FBI's "Carnivore" system, developed to conduct surveillance of electronic communications by intercepting and collecting…...

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References

Bahl, Shalini. "Consumers' Protection of Online Privacy and Identity." Journal of Consumer Affairs 38.2 (2004): 217-235.

Bielski, Lauren. "Security Breaches Hitting Home: Phishing, Information Leaks Keep Security Concerns at Red Alert." ABA Banking Journal 97.6 (2005): 7-18.

Brin, David. "Privacy Under Siege." The Transparent Society: Will Technology Force Us to Choose between Privacy and Freedom? Reading, MA: Perseus Books, 1998: 54-89.

Dunham, Griffin S. "Carnivore, the FBI's E-Mail Surveillance System: Devouring Criminals." Federal Communications Law Journal 54 (2002): 543-566.

They have a moral obligation to the South African people in this area for many reasons. First, they have an obligation to make certain that they can participate in the global economy to give their citizens the same chances for advancement as other nations. Secondly, they have a moral obligation to do everything possible to keep their citizens safe.
When one discusses the topic of security in Information and Communication Technology (ICT), much of the discussion focuses on the technology itself. Currently, the South African banking industry is attempting to establish standards that represent best practices in information security (Tshinu, Botha, and Herselman, 2008). These measures currently focus on the technological aspects of information security. However, the development of industry-wide best practices must take all sources of vulnerability into consideration, including the moral and ethical responsibility to keep information safe.

Therefore, the development of best practices cannot ignore the human factor…...

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REFERENCES

Anderson, R. & Moore, T. 2006. "The Economics of Information Security." Science [Online] 314 (5799), pp.610-613, October 27, 2006. Available at:

  (Accessed June 20, 2010).http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/Papers/toulouse-summary.pdf 

Anderson, R. & Moore, T. 2007. "The Economics of Information Security: A Survey and Open Questions." Fourth Bi-annual Conference on the Economics of the Software and Internet Industries. January 19-20, 2007: Toulouse, France. [Online] Available at:

Phishing Spea Phishing and Phaming

The following is intended to povide a vey bief oveview of examples of some the most dangeous and pevasive secuity isks in the online and netwoked wold. One of the most insidious of identity theft is known as phishing. The tem 'phishing' efes to the pactice of "fishing fo infomation." This tem was oiginally used to descibe "phishing" fo cedit cad numbes and othe sensitive infomation that can be used by the ciminal. Phishing attacks use "…spoofed emails and faudulent websites to deceive ecipients into divulging pesonal financial data, such as cedit cad numbes, account usenames and passwods, social secuity numbes etc." (All about Phishing) . Thompson ( 2006) clealy outlines the basics of a phishing attack.

A typical phishing sends out millions of faudulent e-mail messages that appea to come fom popula Web sites that most uses tust, such as eBay, Citibank, AOL, Micosoft and the…...

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references the CISA Review Manual, 2006.

Thompson, S.C. (2006). Phight Phraud: Steps to Protect against Phishing. Journal of Accountancy, 201(2).

This study by Thompson provides some significant aspects that the business owner and customers in online commerce should pay attention to. These include basic but important aspect that should include in e-training; for example, never e-mail personal or financial information or never to respond to requests for personal information in e-mails. This provides useful background to the issue of risk identification and is also related management of this threat.

Wetzel R. ( 2005) Tackling Phishing: It's a Never-Ending Struggle, but the Anti-Fraud Arsenal Continues to Grow. Business Communications Review, 35, 46+.

This study A sheds light on the implications in term of the costs of identity fraud to financial institutions. The study underscores the severity of the vulnerabilities faced by today's organizations in the online world. The author refers to the obvious cost to intuitions like banks and also discusses hidden costs that relate to the erosion of customer confidence as a result of ID theft.

The responsibility to seek out and use the most appropriate form of protection for a particular system lies with its user. If a user does not regard these duties with the appropriate seriousness, the consequences could be dire indeed. Another very threatening form of computer crime is the phishing scam.

Phishing

Phishing involves email from an apparently legitimate source such as a bank or other place of business that requires the user to respond with personal information. Most commonly, banks are used as a front for these scams. The most common messages of this type is that a user's account has been disabled and will only be reinstated once the apparent company has received the specific requested data. When a user sends this data, the criminal can then use it for his or her own purposes, such as identity theft or credit card fraud.

According to WiredSafety.org (2011), phishing criminals target a very…...

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References

AllAboutCookies (2011). What other steps can I take to protect my privacy online? Retrieved from:  http://www.allaboutcookies.org/faqs/protect.html 

Bickell, K.D. (2011). 4 Tips for Malware Protection. Retrieved from: http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/4-Tips-for-Malware-Protection/1038740

Bukisa (2010, Nov 8). Protecting Your Identity and personal information over the Internet. Retrieved from:  http://www.bukisa.com/articles/390310_protecting-your-idemtity-and-personal-information-over-the-internet 

McCandlish, S. (2002). EFF's Top 12 Ways to Protect Your Online Privacy. Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved from:  http://www.eff.org/wp/effs-top-12-ways-protect-your-online-privacy

0 is "…a broad name used for a number of different experiments that are being done in the research community" (eddy & Goodman, 2002, p. 12). The emphasis here is in 'experiment' as Web 2.0 is a platform for the testing of new applications and innovation, as well as being an area for research and development in education and science.
The differences in the way that Web 2.0 functions can be seen in the concept of the Internet as a new platform or environment. This is a concept that exceeds the idea that a new Internet would merely offer new applications that would be in essence an extension of Internet 1.0. As Tim O'eilly and John Battelle note, Web 2.0 means "… building applications that literally get better the more people use them, harnessing network effects not only to acquire users, but also to learn from them and build on their…...

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References

Anderson a. ( 2007) What is Web 2.0? Ideas, technologies and implications for Education. Technology and Standards Watch, Feb. 2007. Retrieved from  http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/techwatch/tsw0701b.pdf 

Atchison S. (2007) Are You Chasing the Web 2.0 Trend? Part 2. Retrieved from  http://www.clickz.com/3626152 

Bogatin B. ( 2007) Web 2.0 Social Networks: Cool but marginal and unprofitable?

Retrieved from  http://blogs.zdnet.com/micro-markets/?p=1062 )

The vision Oracle has is one of unifying all of their enterprise applications into their Fusion architecture and creating a single unifying Service oriented Architecture (SOA) was first announced in 2006 (Krill, 13). Since that time Oracle has continually strived to create an SOA in Fusion that would appeal to its corporate customers. The proposed Fusion SOA platform has been designed to be robust and scalable enough to encompass enterprise-level applications including Enterprise esource Planning (EP) applications while also being flexible enough to provide for individualized application development. There are critics of SOA in general and Fusion specifically, with industry analysts considering it too difficult to create a process-centric model that allows for pervasive, in-depth applications necessary for mission-critical business while at the same time allowing for significant scalability (Handy, 2005). Despite these concerns however Fusion continues to gain market acceptance and provide Oracle with a path to the fulfillment…...

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References

Oracle

Alex Handy. 2005. Oracle Fusion: The 'Frankenstein' of SOA? Software Development Times, October 15, 6

Paul Krill. 2006. Oracle Does SOA. InfoWorld, August 14, 11-13

Security

Internet: Security on the Web
Security on the Web -- What are the Key Issues for Major Banks?

The age of digital technology -- email, Web-driven high-speed communication and information, online commerce, and more -- has been in place now for several years, and has been touted as a "revolutionary" technological breakthrough, and for good reason: This technology presents enormous new business opportunities. For example, by moving the key element of marketing and sales from local and regional strategies onto the global stage, and by providing dramatically improved customer convenience, the Web offers medium, small and large companies -- including banks -- unlimited growth potential.

That having been said, there are problems associated with online services, in particular online banking services, and security is at the top of the list of these issues. Some of the most serious security issues associated with Web-banking keep customers away from this technology, in fear of money…...

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References

Anti-Phishing Working Group (2004), "Committed to wiping out Internet scams and fraud: Origins of the Word 'Phishing'," Available:  http://www.antiphishing.org /word_phish.html.

Arnfield, Robin (2005), "McAfee Warns on Top Viruses," (News Factor Network / Yahoo! News), Available:

cid=75& u=/nf/20050104/tc_nf/29450& printer=1.http://www.news.yahoo/news?tmpl=story&

Bergman, Hannah (2004), "FDIC Offers, Solicits Ideas on Stopping ID Theft," American Banker, vol. 169, no. 240, p. 4.

Social Engineering and Information Security
We are in an age of information explosion and one of the most critical problems facing us is the security and proper management of information. Advanced hardware and software solutions are being constantly developed and refined to patch up any technical loopholes that might allow a hacker attack and prevent consequent breach of information security. While this technical warfare continues, hackers are now pursuing other vectors of attack. Social engineering refers to the increasing employment of techniques, both technical and non-technical, that focus on exploiting the cognitive bias in humans as the weakest link in computer security. What is shocking is the fact that in spite of the great vulnerability to human exploitation, there prevails a seemingly careless attitude in this regard in the corporate world. While more and more money is spent on beefing up hardware security and in acquiring expensive software solutions, little is…...

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References

1) Christopher Hadnagy (2011), 'Social Engineering: The Art of Human Hacking', Wiley Publishing Inc.

2) Greg Sandoval, (Feb 2007), 'FTC to Court: Put an end to pretexting operations', Retrieved Mar 5th 2011 from,  http://news.cnet.com/FTC-to-court-Put-an-end-to-pretexting-operations/2100-7348_3-6159871.html?tag=lia;rcol 

3) Mindi McDowell, (Oct 2009), 'National Cyber Alert System: Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing attacks', retrieved Mar 5th 2011 from, http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/tips/ST04-014.html

4) Sonja Ryst, (July, 2006), ' The Phone is the latest Phishign Rod', retrieved Mar 5th 2011 from,  http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/jul2006/tc20060710_811021.htm

Persistent Threats (APT) Summit occurred in July of 2011 over two days in Washington DC and was an attempt to bring together the top leaders from the government and from business to help target the influence that such threats pose. The summit also functioned as a means for drafting up ways to protect against the most detrimental APTs and to discuss defense mitigation (rsa.com). Advanced Persistent Threats are essentially "needles in a haystack" and they are small but significant threats that can too easily go undetected in the entire system. The summit did draft up some of the most multi-faceted recommendations. For instance, the summit leaders urged "chief executives in every industry sector not to delay devoting attention and funding to combat advanced threats and to 'plan and act as though you've already been breached.' Lawmakers urged to remove legal barriers that impede information sharing among global security ecosystem.eal-time…...

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References

Cohen-Abravanel, D. (2013, April 22). Spear Phishing Emails -- Can You Really Prevent Them? Retrieved from Seculert.com:  http://www.seculert.com/blog/2013/04/spear-phishing-emails.html 

Emc.com. (2011). Cyber Security Leaders Rally to Combat Advanced Persistent Threats. Retrieved from Emc.com:  http://www.emc.com/about/news/press/2011/20110913-01.htm 

Rsa.com. (2011, April). Anatomy of an Attack. Retrieved from Rsa.com:  https://blogs.rsa.com/anatomy-of-an-attack/ 

Rsa.com. (2011). APT Summit findings. Retrieved from Rsa.com:  http://www.rsa.com/innovation/docs/APT_findings.pdf

Information Technology holds great promise for improving the way a government serves its citizens in various services it conducts to the citizens. This rapid adoption of information technology has produced substantial benefits to the citizens, tax payers, and businesses alike. It is therefore recommended for every particular government to develop digital services to streamline all its operations. One area where governments should enhance its key functions is the establishment of online tax preparation services for the citizens.
It is quite obvious that the government is actively involved in taxation, and this is where the provision of information technology makes the entire process easier and more efficient. Electronic provision of tax forms and other tax information is very beneficial to the residents and falls within the traditional scope of government's activity. This is why government must actively engage tax payers in electronic filing since it is appropriate in boosting the efficiency of…...

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Bibliography

Arcot (2009) Arcot Fraud Detection and Risk Analysis for eCommerce Transactions

Solution Guide. Available http://www.arcot.com/resources/docs/Arcot_Fraud_Detection_&_Risk_Analysis_for_eCommerce_Transactions.pdf

A definition from Webopedia "Data Center Tiers" (HTML). Webopedia. 2010-02-13. Retrieved 2010-02-13.

A document from the Uptime Institute describing the different tiers (click through the download page) "Data Center Site Infrastructure Tier Standard: Topology" (PDF). Uptime Institute. 2010-02-13. Retrieved 2010-02-13.

To help make the internet safer, we can take the following measures:

1. Strengthen password security:
- Use strong and unique passwords for each online account.
- Consider using a password manager to securely store and generate passwords.
- Enable two-factor authentication whenever possible.

2. Educate users about phishing and malware:
- Raise awareness about common phishing techniques and the importance of not clicking on suspicious links or opening attachments from unknown sources.
- Promote the use of reliable antivirus software and regularly update it.

3. Encourage responsible online behavior:
- Teach users about the potential consequences of sharing personal information online.
-....

Refined Thesis Statement:

The multi-layered security protocols employed by modern online banking platforms, combined with robust user awareness and vigilance, effectively safeguard financial transactions, mitigating cyber threats and ensuring the integrity of online financial services.

Supporting Arguments:

Multi-Layered Security Protocols:

Strong Authentication: Two-factor authentication (2FA) and biometrics provide an additional layer of protection by requiring multiple forms of authentication.
Encryption: Advanced encryption algorithms ensure that data is securely transmitted and stored, protecting against eavesdropping and data breaches.
Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs): These systems monitor network traffic for suspicious activity and block unauthorized access.
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)/Transport Layer Security (TLS): Encrypts....

1. Be cautious of unsolicited emails: Be careful when opening emails from unknown senders, especially if they contain links or attachments.

2. Verify the source: Before clicking on any links or providing any personal information, verify the sender's email address or website URL to ensure it is legitimate.

3. Use security software: Install and regularly update antivirus and anti-phishing software to help protect your device against phishing attacks.

4. Keep software up to date: Make sure your operating system, web browser, and other software are always up to date with the latest security patches.

5. Enable multi-factor authentication: Use multi-factor authentication whenever possible to....

Cyber hackers exploit vulnerabilities in computer systems in various ways to gain unauthorized access, including:

1. Exploiting software vulnerabilities: Hackers can target software weaknesses (such as bugs or security flaws) to gain access to a system. They may deploy malware or use techniques like buffer overflows to exploit these vulnerabilities.

2. Phishing attacks: Hackers often use phishing emails or fake websites to trick users into providing sensitive information like login credentials. Once hackers obtain this information, they can use it to access the system.

3. Social engineering: Hackers may use social engineering techniques to manipulate people into providing access to a system. This....