Diagnosis and Treatment of Psychological Disorders
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Has Been Increasingly Used In the Treatment of Psychosis over the Last 10 To 15 Years. Describe CBT for Psychosis and Evaluate the Evidence for the Effectiveness for This Intervention in Treating Psychosis
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy's (CBT's) application to psychosis has, of late, been intensely debated. A number of independent psychologists and health organizations are proposing diverse interpretations with regard to what CBT in psychosis treatment really refers to. For example, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence proposes CBT with a small amount of evidence, whereas Maddox (2014), a psychologist, maintains that psychosis denotes a broad or umbrella term applied to a group of symptoms, which are divided into negative or positive. This classification does not imply that some symptoms are bad while others are good; rather, the intention is expressing that some symptoms add a new element, while others take…...
Leibig and Leichsenring. (2003). The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of personality disorders: a meta-analysis. (retrieved 7/11/2015)http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12832233
Lovell A.M. (1997). The City Is My Mother. Narratives of Schizo- phrenia And Homelessness.American Anthropologist. 99 (2): 355-368
National Institute for Clinical Excellence. (2002), Clinical Guideline 1: Schizophrenia. Core Interventions in the Treatment and Management of Schizophrenia in Primary and Secondary Care London: NICE
Psychological Disorders
Word Count (excluding subheadings and questions): 836
First Assignment
Option 1 - Perspectives on Psychological Disorder
Medical Perspective: Webpage: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/mental-illness/DS01104
The medical perspective on psychological disorders proposes that abnormal behavior can have a root physiological cause. Physiological causes of abnormal behavior include chemical imbalances or brain injuries. Changes in brain biochemistry can affect a mood and personality which can be seen as a symptom of mental disorder. Causes of brain chemistry changes include viruses, toxins, or brain injury. Brain tumors are a good example of a medical condition that may interrupt chemical production and neurotransmitters which could result in behavior that is out of the ordinary for a particular patient. The medical perspective is valid and useful as abnormal behavior can be diagnosed and treated through medical examination.
The sociocultural perspective emphasizes the effect that social context has on behavior and attitudes toward behavior. From this viewpoint, a particular behavior could…...
It also suggests issues Norman has in coming to terms with his own sexuality that, quite thankfully, do not apply to me personally.
Conclusion
There can be little doubt of Norman Bates' diagnosis with a dissociative identity disorder; the behaviors and beliefs he exhibit are near-textbook examples of the disturbance (Myers 2009). His relationship with his mother is never explicitly detailed, though it was obviously an unhealthy one, and the events of his upbringing seem to have led almost inevitably to the chain of events that unfolds during the action of the film. This is often the way that psychological disorders work, especially those that are the result of long-term trauma and abuse; the personality is set up in the developmental stages of life and continues basically unaltered throughout adulthood. The exact cause and nature of this psychological issue are left unanswered, though not unaddressed, in Psycho, which is what makes…...
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References
Hitchcock, a. (1960). Psycho. Shamley Productions.
Myers, D. (2009). Psychology in everyday life. New York: Worth Publishers.
Treatment of Psychological Disorders
The patient is a 46-year-old man who is experiencing difficulties at work to which he attributes the symptoms he is experiencing. Presenting symptoms include feelings of depression, difficulty sleeping, loss of appetite, difficulty concentrating, anxiety, and three episodes of panic-attack. The patient's wife is very worried about her husband and reports that their communication is practically non-existent over the past three weeks.
Schema for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management
New patient procedures include brief intake conversation, taking patient history, screening with appropriate instruments, confirmation of diagnosis, jointly establishing a treatment, and follow-up focused on lifestyle changes and treatment plan extension. The early tasks are to determine if there are any existing medical conditions or substance abuse that would contribute to the patient's symptoms. Fundamental tasks are to consider the clustering of the symptoms and symptom duration, to determine if there have been primary mood episodes at other times in…...
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References
Beck, A.T, Steer, R.A. And Brown, G.K. (1996) "Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II." San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. (2010). National Association of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapists (NACBT). Retrieved http://www.nacbt.org/whatiscbt.htm
First, M.B., Frances, A., Pincus, H.A. (2002). Diagnostic and Statistics Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV-TR Fourth Edition (Text Revision), American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved DSM-IV-TR handbook of differential diagnosishttp://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/content.aspx?bookid=22§ionid
Geisser, M.E., Roth, R.S., and Robinson, M.E. (1997, June). Assessing depression among persons with chronic pain using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory: A comparative analysis. Clinical Journal of Pain, 13 (2), 163-170.
responsible writing case studies psychological disorders (attachment choices). The case studies original work. In case studies incorporate DSM criteria diagnosis. Each case study 4-5 paragraphs length, typed, single spaced.
Abigail
Abigail is a seventeen-year-old college student. When Abigail went away to college, she returned home from Thanksgiving break notably thinner. Abigail has always been thin: she was a competitive runner in high school. In college, she spends every morning at the gym. She prefers not to eat in the cafeteria and buys her own food, usually diet yogurts, TV dinners, and fruit. She religiously tracks the calorie count of what she eats and won't eat any 'bad' foods.
Abigail is often tired and has trouble staying awake in class but she often feels too jittery and anxious to sleep at night. Her grades have been suffering, which is uncharacteristic of her, since she was a straight -- A student in high school.…...
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Reference
Eating disorder diagnosis from the DSM. Retrieved:
100 surveys handed out as follows: 25 to non-psych majors (female scenario); 25 to non-psych majors (male scenario); 25 psych majors (female scenario); 25 psych majors (male scenario). The independent variable explored is gender; other independent variables include non-psych and psych majors. The dependent variable explored is depression level. Other dependent variables worthy of exploration may include self-esteem, anxiety or perceived anxiety and the existence or lack of social phobias. This approach will allow a qualitative analysis of the empirical data presented for more accurate results (Keppel, 1982; Reber, 1985).
Findings
The results of the study suggest as have previous studies (Maag, Behrens & Digangi, 1992; Miletich, 1995) that there is a stigma associated with depression. The preliminary results of this study suggest among non-educated consumers, men are more likely to be stigmatized and subsequently repress their feelings than are females diagnosed with…...
Beyond Autism Treatment: The Application of Applied Behavior Analysis in the Treatment of Emotional and Psychological Disorders by obert K. oss
In the article written in the International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, called Beyond Autism Treatment: The Application of Applied Behavior Analysis in the Treatment of Emotional and Psychological Disorders, obert K. oss talks about why Applied behavior analysis (ABA) based approaches are widely applied in autism treatment but are less accepted in the treatment of psychological and emotional issues. This is due to the differences in psychologists approach and the behavior analyst approach. The article goes on to define how ABA treatment can be empirically effective for psychological and emotional disorders.
The starting point for the treatment is to identify specific and measureable evidence for the disorder/diagnosis, and then apply treatment. Subsequent evaluation of levels of the symptoms then determines empirically if treatment is to be reduced, increased or…...
Mentally ill in U.S.
As the world becomes a more complex entity and technology and speed increase, mental illness is also on the rise. Mental illness can range from slight situational depression to more serious diseases such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The study of such illnesses in the population is called epidemiology.
Epidemiology is reported using different factors. Two of these are incidence, or the number of new cases of a condition that occur during a specified period of time and prevalence, or the number of new or existing cases observed at a point in time or during a period of time. According to the present epidemiological estimates, one in five people or more has a diagnosable mental disorder during the course of a year -- or a one-year prevalence.
According to the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study of the early 1980s and the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) of the early 1990s,…...
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Due to the high, and growing, incidence of mental illness in society, the cost is considerable for diagnosis and treatment. The direct costs of mental health services in the U.S. In 1996 reached $69.0 billion, which represented 7.3% of total health spending. Another $17.7 billion was spent on Alzheimer's disease and $12.6 billion on substance abuse treatment
Economists also estimate indirect costs, such as lost productivity in the workforce, school and home due to premature death or disability. The indirect costs of mental illness were estimated in 1990 at $78.6 billion. More than 80% of these costs stemmed from disability rather than death because mortality from mental disorders is relatively low.
Since the future of this country depends on the degree of mental illness and strength of the young people, it is hoped that the problem with the growing numbers of mentally ill children can be confronted and treated.
features of bipolar disorder, including its symptoms. Like its cousin, depression, bipolar disorder is a disease of depression that can become manic at times, and at other times, the symptoms can virtually disappear. There are various types of the disease, and it often appears in childhood, but is not diagnosed. Bipolar disease can be treated effectively in several different ways.
Bipolar disorder is not as common as depression, but it does affect a percentage of the population. The editors of a medical Web site write, "About 5.7 million American adults or about 2.6% of the population age 18 and older in any given year, have bipolar disorder" (Editors, 2008). The disease has very visible symptoms including increased manic or uncontrollable activities like spending sprees, having huge amounts of energy, sleep loss, and miscalculating one's abilities. These manic times contend with periods of powerful depression, including severe hopelessness, sleeping too much,…...
It is also interesting to note that the correlation between depression and childhood sexual abuse was found to be higher among females in many studies.
However, the issue of the relationship between depression and sexual abuse may not be as clear-cut as the above studies suggest. Recent research has begun to question this correlation and has produced findings that suggest that there are many other parameters and variables that should be considered. This is especially the case with regard to the view that childhood sexual abuse necessarily leads to depression in adulthood. As one report claims, "...there is accumulating evidence to contradict these claims" (Roosa,
Reinholtz, (Angelini, 1999). However the majority of studies indicate that there is a strong possibility that children who are sexually abused experience symptoms of depression that can extend into adulthood.
PTSD
3.1. What is PTSD?
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a disorder that has shown a marked degree of…...
This point also emphasizes a cardinal aspect in the recent literature. There has been an increasing research focus on a more discursive and holistic approach which should be adopted in dealing with PTSD and related areas of psychological concern. At present the research into the field is an ongoing process which must be continually updated. The literature also leaves little doubt that PTSD and other related psychological problems as result of the Iraq war can no longer be ignored.
orks Cited
Casualties of war. April 21, 2007. http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/casualties-of-war/2005/10/26/1130302840559.html?page=3
Hare M. 2007. Army psychologist using new ways to treat
Stress. April 20, 2007. http://www.democratandchronicle.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070422/NES0201/704220321/-1/COLUMNS
Finer J. 2006. Frontline Care for 'At Risk' Soldiers: Army Effort Treats
Psychological Trauma at Source. April 20, 2007. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/07/AR2006060702390_pf.html
Friedman M.J. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An Overview. Retrieved April 20, 2007, at http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/clients/sub.cfm?source=mhealth/factsheets/overview
Foa, E., & Meadows, E. (1997). Psychosocial Treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Critical Review. 449+ (1997) Retrieved April 22, 2007, from…...
Portfolio: Patients who express suicidal ideation should always be taken seriously. I have read that the greatest risk factor for suicide in previous attempts. Sometimes suicide can be considered a cry for help, and everyone who expresses some time of suicidal ideation deserves evaluation.
Question 14.2
The form of psychotherapy I find the most appealing is the cognitive behavioral approach. It appeals to me since the focus if reparative and based on a desire to change one's behaviors which contribute to the problem which prompted therapy in the first place. Patients who engage in cognitive behavioral therapy require a certain degree of insight into how their behaviors contribute to their own emotions or feelings. The interaction of mind and body can be especially telling; many psychological disorders have physical manifestations and conversely, many chronic medical problems can also manifest emotional symptoms. Cognitive behavioral therapy allows the individual to recognize patterns of distorted…...
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Reference:
Moscicki EK. Identification of suicide risk factors using epidemiologic studies. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1997; 20:499-517.
Bushman BJ, Peterson WC, Bonacci EA, Vasquez EA, Miller N. (2005) Chewing on it Can Chew You Up: Effects of Rumination on Triggered Displaced Aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Copyright 2005 by the American Psychological Association. Vol. 88, No. 6, 969-983
Caprara, G.V., Barbaranelli, C., & Comrey, a.L. (1992). A personological approach to the study of aggression. Personality and Individual Differences,
James' father is responsible for James' involvement in crime and burglary. Origin of the problem. Alcoholic parents are the reason for the moral decay of juveniles
Another reason for James' feelings of inadequacy
Effect of alcoholism in the upbringing of a child
The effect of taking James out of his mother's home as a juvenile
eaction formation
An examination of James' denial of his responsibility over his problem
Personality theory
Sociological theory
Personality and sociological theory
An explanation of James' behaviors, and his father using the two frameworks
Thorburn (2005) suggests that a misapprehension that numerous alcoholics seem to have is that their behavior does not affect other people. They deny ever hurting other people but themselves. A great deal of research and huge anecdotal proof suggest otherwise. The behavior of alcoholics can affect those around them, including family members, friends, coworkers and employers. Children are the most susceptible. The psychological impact of drinking disorder on the…...
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References
Plant, M.A., Peck, D.F., Samuel, E., & Stuart, R. (2000). Alcohol, drugs, and school-leavers.
London: Tavistock Publications.
Thorburn, D. (2005). Alcoholism myths and realities: Removing the stigma of society's most destructive disease. Northridge, Calif: Galt Pub.
Psychological Testing: Establishing Diversity
Psychological testing is the backbone of how psychologists are able to gain a higher level of understanding regarding human beings and how/why they act as they do. Good psychological exams can help tremendously in the task of problem-solving and in getting a better snapshot of a person's psychological or mental health issues while identifying strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, a precise psychological exam helps to exam an individual's precise point in time in a mode which examines their present-functioning in terms of test data. There are a range of psychological tests which are available, many of which are the results of decades and decades of research and procedures. The four main types of psychological tests are as follows: clinical interviews, assessment of intellectual functioning, personality assessment, and then behavioral assessments.
However, since psychological tests emerged within the field, the issue of diversity in psychological testing was an issue that…...
Physical and mental disorders are often comorbid, reflecting an entire system that is out of balance. A healthy state, both physically and mentally reflects a state of equilibrium and stability that every organism wishes to achieve (Wallace, 2008).When one portion of the system is out of balance, the entire system can be out of balance. The degree to which the system is out of balance determines the degree of the disturbance.
A child that has greater resilience skills can recover from a greater disturbance than a child with little resiliency. Everyone has heard stories of the rich and famous who rose up from situations of poverty and despair to become something great. This is exactly what this research is about. Eriksson's psychosocial model sets up the situation that the person must overcome. Wallace's theory on resiliency provides an understanding of what the child needs to overcome these circumstances to become…...
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References
Anthony, E., Alter, C. & Jenson, J. (2009). Development of a Risk and Resilience-Based Out-of-
School Time Program for Children and Youths. Social Work. 54 (1): 45+. Retrieved from Questia Database.
Brendtro, L. & Larson, S. (2004). The Resilience Code: Finding Greatness in Youth. Reclaiming Children and Youth. 12 (4): 194 +. Retrieved from Questia Database.
Brown, W. (2006). The Value of Role Models in Inspiring Resilience. Reclaiming Children and Youth. 14 (4): 199+. Retrieved from Questia Database.
Title: The Impact of Steroid Laws on Public Health and Safety
Introduction: Steroid laws have been implemented worldwide to regulate the use and distribution of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS). These laws aim to protect public health and safety by preventing the misuse of steroids, which can lead to severe health consequences. This essay explores the impact of steroid laws on public health and safety, examining both the positive and negative implications of these regulations.
Body:
1. Prevention of Health Risks: Steroid laws effectively reduce the accessibility of AAS, making it more challenging for individuals to obtain and use them. This restriction helps prevent the serious health....
Sure, here are some complex and thought-provoking essay topics on Pembunuhan (murder):
1. The psychological motivations behind committing murder: exploring the factors that drive individuals to take another person's life. 2. The role of justice and punishment in cases of murder: analyzing the effectiveness and ethical implications of different approaches to dealing with murder cases. 3. The impact of media coverage on perceptions of murder: examining how sensationalized news reports and true crime documentaries shape public attitudes towards murder. 4. The intersection of race and class in cases of murder: discussing how social inequalities may influence who is targeted and how murders are perceived....
To craft an effective thesis statement on the topic of music, it is essential to clearly identify the specific aspect of music you will be discussing and your overall argument or perspective on that aspect. Here are some potential thesis statement examples on different music-related topics:
1. For a research paper on the impact of music on mental health: "Music therapy has been shown to significantly improve mental health outcomes in individuals with various psychological disorders, making it a valuable and effective treatment modality."
2. For an essay on the influence of technology on the music industry: "The widespread use of digital streaming platforms....
1. The impact of the death penalty on racial minorities and whether it creates a disproportionate number of executions for individuals of color. 2. Investigating the psychological effects of being on death row and the toll it takes on the mental health of inmates. 3. Analyzing the cost effectiveness of the death penalty compared to life imprisonment and whether it is a reasonable use of taxpayer dollars. 4. Examining the role of public opinion in shaping the use of the death penalty and how attitudes towards capital punishment have evolved over time. 5. Exploring the role of international law in shaping the use of....
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