Rats Essays (Examples)

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cerebral cortex, using rats. he researchers noted that there were two beliefs about the areas of the cerebral cortex dedicated to the five senses. Some believed that information came in from each sense separately and was not combined immediately. However, other research suggested that activating one sense area could also activate others. In the research, the scientists mapped the cerebral cortices of rats for sight, sound and touch.
he researchers found that while specific areas were dedicated to one or another sense only, in the areas bordering between two senses, both senses could be stimulated at once. hey suspect that these border areas may explain why one sense may develop more strongly if another sense is lost. For instance, if a person becomes blind, their sense of hearing may become more acute and discriminative. he research also suggests that the brain may combine information from multiple senses much sooner in….

Pulmonary Autopsy Findings of the ats Drowned at Surface and 50 Ft Depth
Critical Appraisal of a esearch Article

Of the following literature that was examined, one of the most useful articles was entitled Pathology of the Lung in Near Drowning, a paper in which the researchers created an experimental model that simulated the changes that actually occurred in a subject which had nearly drowned. The purpose was to study the pathological changes that happen when someone or something is drowned. The methodology involved intubating rabbits in either salt or fresh water, and microscopically examining their lungs and hearts. The results indicated that within the first 30 minutes after being drowned, the vast majority of damage does not occur in the alveolar cells but in the vascular endothelium (Karch, S.B, 1986).

The next piece of literature that was reviewed was called Alveolar Macrophages and the Diagnosis of Drowning, in which alveolar macrophages….

long-Term habituation of exploration in rats, hamsters, and gerbils by Poucet, Durup, & Thinus-Blanc
Concepts being studied

In this study, the researchers were seeking to study habituation to a novel environment in three species of rodent: rat, hamster, and gerbil. They wanted to see if the animals exhibited habituation behavior each time that they were placed in a new environment, and whether the animals exhibited any between-sessions habituation.

Prior research

Prior research had revealed that hamsters would actively reinvestigate objects during a test session, if, after two sessions of habituation, the spatial relationship between the two objects had changed. Prior research conflicted about whether rats would react to changes in the spatial relationship between objects in a field. They examined prior research and found what appeared to be a specific lack in rats of between-sessions habituation.

What the experimenters attempt to show

The experimenters attempted to show that there was a difference between in-session and….

Third Parties in the U.S. National Presidential Elections
For a long time, U.S. elections have been controlled primarily on a two-party system with the two major parties as Democrats and Republicans. The two-party system, although not categorically stated in the constitution was the norm adopted by many America. The inclination to such a party system highly depended on principles and policies promoted by the two parties that often influenced the decisions made by the citizens. Consequently, the two parties received much support, which made them run the American government interchangeably. However, the two-party system did not eliminate the role played by the third parties in the American politics. Several third parties have remained active in the American politics despite the obvious trend of two-party system supported by most Americans. They raised their presidential candidates, who ran for the presidency for many years

Most third parties survived the American politics courtesy of….

Ob Mouse and Fa Rat
PAGES 2 WORDS 644

Ob/ob mouse and Fa/Fa rat (what are they, who discovered them, when they were discovered, how was it discovered
The Ob/ob mouse (i.e. obese mouse model) was first discovered in the Jackson laboratory in Bar Harbor, ME and is popular for studying Type 2 diabetes, food intake, and obesity. A recessive mutation on a certain chromosome in the mouse results in premature termination of leptin and therefore a deficiency of leptin in the mouse.

These ob/ob mice are hypherhagic and already obese at 2 weeks old. They also show other signs indicative of diabetes such as marked hyperglycemia, mildly impaired glucose tolerance, severe hyperinsulinemia, and impaired fertility and wound healing. They are also resistant to insulin. With all the signs of diabetes, the mice become severely and fatally diabetic with pancreatic collapse resulting in death.

The Zucker fa / fa (fatty) rat was discovered in 1961 and is a popular model for studying….


Peter tells the King, "Goes back to 1720. Father to son. That's a lot of tradition to try to fight" (pg 244). That tradition of honorable service causes Peter much angst. One example in the book is when Peter is faced with taking money from the King for assisting in the completion of a black market sale. Peter feels that the King should not have sold a phony watch, and he certainly has qualms about accepting a 10% commission for his role in the deal. He remembers his father telling him, "There is such a thing as honor. If you deal with a man, tell him the truth then he must of necessity tell you the truth" (pg. 179). What is ironic is that Peter ends up taking the money because he knew what it could buy him.

That Peter accepted the money gives is similar to the way many individuals….

Phantom; I am a rat.
-Julian Sands as Erik

A child is born, shunned by his own mother. He is brilliant and artistic, possessing skills untouched by even the greatest masters in many areas. Perhaps he is also insane, not relating to the human race. Eventually, he will come to be known as a ghost, haunting the world of normal people as he passes in and out of sight in one of the greatest centers of musical performance in the world. Passionate, he falls in love, and in jealousy he falls even further. This plot line has the potential to be studied in depth by sociologists, psychologists, historians, and artists on so many levels, exploring the child himself and the life and events that build around him. Similar to any number of ancient myths and fairy tales, this love story about an extraordinary outsider was first introduced as "Le Fantome de….

I especially liked the transition of the first line. In some ways I found I liked the second version better, sometimes payment is a daydream. One can only wish.
Revision Process

Noble-winning author William Faulkner stated, "The past is never dead. It isn't even past." As this statement pertains to the revision process one can argue that Faulkner is claiming that a written work is a living, growing entity, constantly in a state of flux. These changes are built upon past events: dialogue, scenes, plot twists, and so forth that instigate consequences, so that even portions of a written work that are discarded live on in the portions they inspired..

Human Development
PAGES 2 WORDS 823

Diamond
Marian Diamond addressed the nature vs. nurture issue so long debated by researchers and scientists by actually observing the effects of living in different environments on young rats. The beginnings of her research with Donald Head occurred in the 1960's, a time when the brain was not viewed as plastic. When presenting the results of their early research demonstrating a small but significant thicker cerebral cortex in rats raised in enriched environments vs. rats raised in impoverished environments she was actually told, "Young lady, that brain cannot change" (Diamond and Hobson, 1998-page 8). Nonetheless, Diamond believed the neurological basis that the environment provided for brain enrichment is the spreading of dendritic spines in the neuron as a result of environmental stimulation (Diamond and Hobson, 1998-page 25). In fact, research from her lab along with other researchers found that even honey bees' brains responded to environmental stimulation. Based on the work….

Food Ban
Food should be banned from the New York City subway system. There are a few reasons why the food ban should be enacted, chief among them are the health concerns cited by state senators. Proponents of eating food on the subway system generally have weak arguments based around their own personal desire to eat food on the subway, rather than any coherent responses to the central sanitation and public nuisance argument.

According to the text of the bill (S6312), the purpose of the bill is to "mitigate the growing rat infestation in the NYC subway system." The bill would establish fines and other punishments for eating food on the subway system. There are a number of problems with the rat issue in the subway system. In general, people experience a sense of revulsion at the sight of rats, in particular the large, greasy variety found in the subway system. This….

After 13 months, the rats begin to show signs of dementia including reduced cognitive ability and memory impairment (McGill University, 2010).
Amyloid B. immunotherapy

Past research

Past research on the effects of active or passive a? immunization on a? buildup and AD progression provided evidence that such immunization "protects against the progressive loss of synaptophysin in the hippocampal molecular layer and frontal neocortex of a transgenic mouse model of AD" (Buttini & al, 2005). This provided further support for the amyloid hypothesis.

Current research

Since the discovery of a? immunotherapy effectiveness in the treatment of AD in mice, the AN1792 a? vaccine was developed and tested on humans (Lemere & Masliah, 2010). Unfortunately, clinical trials were discontinued when around 6% of the subjects developed meningoencephalitis (Lemere & Masliah, 2010). However, since some subjects showed improvements in a? plaque clearance, several new a? immunotherapies have been developed and are currently undergoing clinical trials (Lemere &….

Motivation of Behavior
PAGES 4 WORDS 1331

Motivation in Behavior
a) What does Tolman's theory of animal learning tell us about the motivation for human learning?

Unlike John Watson, B.F. Skinner and the other strict behaviorists, or the ussian physiologists like Ivan Pavlov, Edward C. Tolman argued that the behaviorist theory that learning was a matter of stimulus-response (S-) and positive and negative reinforcement was highly simplistic. Although he rejected introspective methods and metaphysics, he increasingly moved away from strict behaviorism into the areas of cognitive psychology. In short, he became a mentalist without actually using that term to describe himself and concluded that all behavior was "purposive" (Hergenhahn, 2009, p. 428). All of his experiments with rats moving through mazes at the University of Berkeley proved to his satisfaction that behavior was actually the dependent variable, with the environment as the independent variable, with mental processes as intervening variables. Tolman summarized this basic theory, which he applied to….

Saw From Where I Stood by Marisa Silver offers a lot to women's literature. Firstly, it is an effectively told story, with the literary techniques of the story making it an important piece of literature, regardless of its themes. Secondly, the themes are important to women. Thirdly, it offers a new perspective as it is told from a man's point-of-view. Finally, we can compare it to another important story, A Sorrowful Woman by Gail Godwin. By comparing the two stories we can see both the similarities between the two stories and also the unique features of What I Saw From Where I Stood.
Firstly, we can look at the story as an example of an excellent short story regardless of its place in women's literature. The literary techniques throughout the story are both effective and powerful. The first noticeable thing is that the real subject of the story is told….

Studies conducted by Doughty et al. (2004) suggest that panic disorders, potentially exacerbated by the panic-inducing qualities of drug usage, are significantly associated with bi-polar disease, and Long finds that panic disorders are generationally related to bi-polar. Therefore, the well-known panic- and anxiety-related effects of drug usage have been shown to be related to bipolar disorder, so that both diseases correlate. Further, chemical responses that drive the bi-polar are complicated by the chemical effects of drug addiction, making treatment difficult to sort out. The associated risk of suicide, already high with sufferers of bi-polar disorder, is heightened. Care and treatment, both physical and mental, must be approached in an integrated fashion.
Drug and chemical treatments for dual diagnosis patients have attempted to sort out the effects of each disorder. However, because the brain centers that are impacted by drug abuse and addiction are often driven by the same or similar….

CHINESE-American STEEOTYPES
Chinese-Americans form one of the most professional and most well educated sections of American population yet they are still portrayed as 'unwanted' ethnic minority by electronic and print media. The stereotyping of Chinese-Americans goes back to the days when trade cards were used for advertising and is still a part of media depiction of this community. Stereotypes may not always be negative in nature, but they are certainly based on generalizations, which may or may not fit every individual of a certain community. However in our media, we notice that some communities are always presented in one fixed way and change is rarely accepted or allowed to creep in which says a great deal about biases prevailing in media circles. James Chan in his article " ough on ats" traces the history of this type of stereotyping of Chinese-Americans and shows that most of the times, media presents Chinese….

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1 Pages
Term Paper

Teaching

Cerebral Cortex Using Rats The Researchers Noted

Words: 315
Length: 1 Pages
Type: Term Paper

cerebral cortex, using rats. he researchers noted that there were two beliefs about the areas of the cerebral cortex dedicated to the five senses. Some believed that information…

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6 Pages
Essay

Death and Dying  (general)

Comparison of Pulmonary Autopsy Findings of the Rats Drowned at Surface and 50 Ft Depth

Words: 1967
Length: 6 Pages
Type: Essay

Pulmonary Autopsy Findings of the ats Drowned at Surface and 50 Ft Depth Critical Appraisal of a esearch Article Of the following literature that was examined, one of the most…

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2 Pages
Essay

Animals

Long-Term Habituation of Exploration in Rats Hamsters

Words: 561
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Essay

long-Term habituation of exploration in rats, hamsters, and gerbils by Poucet, Durup, & Thinus-Blanc Concepts being studied In this study, the researchers were seeking to study habituation to a novel…

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5 Pages
Essay

Government

How Thirds Parties Influence the Successes of Democrats and Republicans

Words: 1875
Length: 5 Pages
Type: Essay

Third Parties in the U.S. National Presidential Elections For a long time, U.S. elections have been controlled primarily on a two-party system with the two major parties as Democrats…

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2 Pages
Essay

Animals

Ob Mouse and Fa Rat

Words: 644
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Essay

Ob/ob mouse and Fa/Fa rat (what are they, who discovered them, when they were discovered, how was it discovered The Ob/ob mouse (i.e. obese mouse model) was first discovered in…

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2 Pages
Research Paper

Economics

King Rat James Clavell May

Words: 612
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Research Paper

Peter tells the King, "Goes back to 1720. Father to son. That's a lot of tradition to try to fight" (pg 244). That tradition of honorable service causes Peter…

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5 Pages
Term Paper

Children

Phantom I Am a Rat -Julian Sands

Words: 2296
Length: 5 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Phantom; I am a rat. -Julian Sands as Erik A child is born, shunned by his own mother. He is brilliant and artistic, possessing skills untouched by even the greatest…

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1 Pages
Essay

Literature

Noriginal Poem Rat Race Payday

Words: 370
Length: 1 Pages
Type: Essay

I especially liked the transition of the first line. In some ways I found I liked the second version better, sometimes payment is a daydream. One can only…

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2 Pages
Term Paper

Teaching

Human Development

Words: 823
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Diamond Marian Diamond addressed the nature vs. nurture issue so long debated by researchers and scientists by actually observing the effects of living in different environments on young rats. The…

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4 Pages
Essay

Transportation

Food Ban Food Should Be Banned From

Words: 1216
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Essay

Food Ban Food should be banned from the New York City subway system. There are a few reasons why the food ban should be enacted, chief among them are the…

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4 Pages
Essay

Disease

Alzheimer's Immunology Alzheimer's Disease Ad

Words: 1197
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Essay

After 13 months, the rats begin to show signs of dementia including reduced cognitive ability and memory impairment (McGill University, 2010). Amyloid B. immunotherapy Past research Past research on the effects…

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4 Pages
Research Paper

Psychology

Motivation of Behavior

Words: 1331
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Research Paper

Motivation in Behavior a) What does Tolman's theory of animal learning tell us about the motivation for human learning? Unlike John Watson, B.F. Skinner and the other strict behaviorists, or the…

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image
4 Pages
Term Paper

Literature

Saw From Where I Stood by Marisa

Words: 1666
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Saw From Where I Stood by Marisa Silver offers a lot to women's literature. Firstly, it is an effectively told story, with the literary techniques of the story…

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image
3 Pages
Thesis

Psychology

Treatment of Bi-Polar Disease Is

Words: 1058
Length: 3 Pages
Type: Thesis

Studies conducted by Doughty et al. (2004) suggest that panic disorders, potentially exacerbated by the panic-inducing qualities of drug usage, are significantly associated with bi-polar disease, and Long…

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image
2 Pages
Term Paper

Sociology

Chinese-American Stereotypes Chinese-Americans Form One of the

Words: 749
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Term Paper

CHINESE-American STEEOTYPES Chinese-Americans form one of the most professional and most well educated sections of American population yet they are still portrayed as 'unwanted' ethnic minority by electronic and print…

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