enewable Energy Sources Today: A eview
The emergence of modern-day developed economies depended heavily on the availability of cheap and abundant energy, but the planet's oil reserves, which supplies over 35% of the world's energy needs, are projected to be depleted within a hundred years (Balat 19). As this resource is depleted, demand will increase and drive prices to unheard of levels, thereby threatening the stability of economies in some of the most powerful nations the world. To avoid a catastrophic meltdown of what is now a global economic engine; governments worldwide have begun to invest in developing and promoting the use of renewable forms of energy. Although reducing fossil fuel use to lower green house gas emissions is a more laudable goal, it seems likely that economic incentives will be the primary driving force behind renewable energy development and implementation. This article reviews the various types of renewable energy in…...
mlaReferences
Balat, M. (2009). Development of worldwide green electricity in the past decade. Energy Sources, Part B, 4, 17-33.
Chan, Hoy-Yen, Riffat, Saffa B., and Zhu, Jie. (2010). Review of passive solar heating and cooling technologies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, 781-789.
Panwar, N.L., Kaushik, S.C., and Kothari, Surendra. (2011). Role of renewable energy sources in environmental protection: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, 1513-1524.
Phillips, Jason. (2010). Evaluating the level and nature of sustainable development for a geothermal power plant. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, 2414-2425.
Overall, the use of demographic, psychographic and geographic segmentation has allowed us to narrow down the different potential target markets considerably. These different markets each offer different levels of potential for exploitation by a solar panel installation firm. The targeting of each different segment will be analyzed in the next section of this report.
Targeting Strategy
The targeting strategy is used to find ways to bring the product to each of the segments that have been targeted. For solar panels in Australia, there are three main segments when understood by demographics -- consumers under $100,000; consumers over $100,000 and small businesses These segments are all desirable for a firm that is seeking to build a strong presence in the Australian market going forward.
There are a number of ways to target the different markets. Differentiated or segment marketing would result in each segment being targeted with a product that is different for the…...
mlaWorks Cited:
Millar, R. (2009). Solar industry cash dries up. The Age. Retrieved August 21, 2010 from http://www.theage.com.au/national/solar-industry-cash-dries-up-20090126-7q08.html
GTM Research. (2010). Global solar cell production grew 51 per cent in 2009, figures show. GTM Research. Retrieved August 21, 2010 from http://www.newenergyworldnetwork.com/alternative-energy-knowledge-bank/global-solar-cell-production-grew-51-per-cent-in-2009-figures-show.html
Beer, S. (2008). Australia's "ungreen" government cans solar panel rebates. iWire. Retrieved August 21, 2010 from http://www.itwire.com/opinion-and-analysis/beerfiles/18645-australias-qungreenq-government-cans-solar-panel-rebates
Queensland Business Review. (2010). UQ powers up with Australia's largest solar panel system. Queensland Business Review. Retrieved August 21, 2010 from http://www.qbr.com.au/news/articleid/67052.aspx
Part of the problem is governmental intransigence. For the past eight years in particular, energy policy has been driven by the oil companies (Environmental News Service, 2008), resulting in clean energy having been sidelined. Another reason is that there is significant opposition from other parties as well. Business groups have opposed clean energy measures, citing fears about higher energy costs (Dorschner, 2008). These groups have proven powerful enough to stall clean energy legislation.
Some states have limited ability to generate renewable energy sources of their own. Powerful industry trade groups such as the Edison Energy Institute have claimed that the public utilities of those states would, under clean energy initiatives, be "forced to buy higher-cost renewable energy from other suppliers." (Dorschner, 2008). There has also been considerable difficulty in getting governments to act. Texas is the nation's leading generator of wind energy, yet the Texas Senate has repeatedly refused to…...
mlaWorks Cited
Baker, David R. "Energy: Renewable power, alternative fuel measures early losers." San Francisco Chronicle 5 Nov 2008: p. A10
Redford, Robert. "The Highest Patriotism Lies in Weaning the U.S. from Fossil Fuels" Los Angeles Times. 2 Dec 2002: p. B11
No author. "Democrats Want Obama to Grow a Green, Clean Energy Economy" Environmental News Service. 27 Aug 2008: Accessed 13 Nov 2008http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/aug2008/2008-08-27-01.asp .
No author (editorial). "Our view on energy mandates: Time for national standards" USA Today 20 Oct 2008: p. 12A
Renewable Energy
The Law of Conservaton of Energy:
The law of conservaton of energy says that energy can nether be created nor destroyed. The total energy that exsts n the world s constant because the total amount of energy s an solated system (Gles 1964,-page 97). Snce ths s the case, energy can only be changed n ts form, such as turnng knetc energy nto thermal energy. Wthn the realm of the busness world, ths means that the form of energy matters, but that regardless of the form chosen the energy obtaned wll be the same.
Pros and Cons of the Followng:
Fossl fuel, ol, natural gas, and coal
Pros: petroleum s relatvely nexpensve, combuston of fossl fuels s a hghly effcent way to produce usable energy, fossl fuels are stable and are more readly avalable, t s also nexpensve and tmely to extract materals, provdes 85% of all energy consumed n the Unted States,…...
mlaii. Cons: the initial cost of the solar panels can be cost prohibitive, solar energy is subject to climate variability based upon weather and the hours of sunlight within a region which will impact that wattage produced, some people argue that the panels are aesthetically unpleasant, and the solar energy panels can only absorb energy in the day meaning electricity used at night must rely on stored energy within the panels (Bocchine 2007).
d. Wind power
i. Pros: completely clean energy source which does not require drilling or mining for materials, renewable and sustainable, costs are low, abundant supply of wind available, the power is essentially free once the structures have been paid for, can be
enewable Energy and Interdependencies: Six Council Properties
Approach and uncertainty: What is the general approach that you will take to reduce carbon emissions associated with the issue that you are looking at and what sources of uncertainty are likely to be important?
The six council properties being constructed by regeneration specialist St. Modwen are situated on a brownfield site that was a former oil refinery and production site used by British Petroleum and represent an ambitious project that is intended to create a sustainable community for about 10,000 residents that can serve as a model for like-minded communities around the world (Evans 2011). The site will ultimately include 4,000 homes, four schools, various businesses, office premises as well as a cricket pitch (Evans 2011). According to Evans, "The project will take 25 years, but should leave behind a fully-formed community where people can live, work, educate their children and relax" (2011, p.…...
mlaReferences
Baird, G. (2001). The Architectural Expression of Environmental Control Systems. London:
Spon Press.
Brookes, A.J. & Poole, D. (2003). Innovation in Architecture. London: Spon Press.
Brown, V.J. (2003). 'Give Me Shelter: The Global Housing Crisis.' Environmental Health
There is another, more pressing reason for getting rid of our dependence on fossil fuels. It is not a newly recognized threat; in fact, it has been recognized and warned about almost as long as oil has been the dominant source of energy in the world. The very name "fossil fuel" -- which applies to oil as well as coal and other hydrocarbons found in the ground -- reveals the essential problem with a dependence on such fuels. They come from the same source as fossils -- organic material in the form of plants and animals dead for many hundreds of thousands or even millions of years. The rate of consumption is exponentially greater than the rate that new sources of fuel like oil and fuels deposits can be created, meaning that eventually the energy will dry up. This could be within the next century, even within the next few…...
Notwithstanding these disadvantages, some regions of the European Union, though, are particularly well suited to the installation of wind farms. For example, a 5-megawatt wind farm featuring 10 wind turbines with 500 kW capacity each, has already been constructed in Crete (Greece: enewable Energy Fact Sheet, 2007, p. 3). Although this wind farm facility is generating electricity, it is also serving as an experimental operation that uses two kinds of wind turbines that were provided by different manufacturers to assess their efficiency and to identify other locations in Europe that might be suitable for such operations (Greece: enewable Energy Fact Sheet 2007). Although it is reasonable to suggest that Greece could benefit from any and all of the foregoing alternative energy resources, the potential for solar energy application in the country appears to represent one of the more viable approaches for the future, and these issues are discussed further below.
Potential…...
mlaReferences
Blanchard, O.J., Das, M. & Faruqee, H. 2010 "The Initial Impact of the Crisis on Emerging
Market Countries." Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, pp. 263-265.
Cleveland, C.J. & Morris, C. 2006 Dictionary of Energy. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Close, DH 1999 "Environmental Movements and the Emergence of Civil Society in Greece."
renewable energy resources and investment has grown exponentially over the last decade. hile availability of renewable technology, its ease of use and possibilities for application have increased the costs of such technologies have decreased, to a large degree. The result of these changes coupled with international pressure and interest in renewable energy has created a dearth of policy change and public and private investment in renewable energy projects and systems almost despite of the current global recession, with of course a slight decline in total investment as a result of the economy. (Sawin and Martinot)
(United Nations Environment Programme)
Since the first edition of REN21's annual Renewables Global Status Report in 2005, the renewable energy sector has grown strongly and steadily. Even in 2009, when up against strong headwinds caused by the economic recession, low oil prices, and the lack of an international climate agreement, renewables managed to hold their own.…...
mlaWorks Cited
Sawin, Janet L. And Eric Martinot. "Renewables 2010: Global Status Report." 2010. http://www.ren21.net/globalstatusreport/REN21_GSR_2010_full.pdf
United Nations Environment Programme. Global Trends in Sustainable Energy Investment 2010: Analysis of Trends and Issues in the Financing of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency . Paris: UNEP, New Energy Finance Ltd., Bloomberg New Energy Finance, 2010. http://sefi.unep.org/english/globaltrends12010.html
(Williams 2005)
The foundation of the Middle East region, is as dependant upon the realization of a balanced energy system, as is the rest of the world, for the same and differing reasons. The opportunity for a smart start is ripe and with the rational guidance of the technology available, and its experts as well as their own desire to create independence in real and figurative ways will be realized only when such a realization is put into action. In the core the individuals and governments in the Middle East are aware of such a need and opportunity and will likely create a model for change in the future.
eferences
Anthony, J.D. 1997, The U.S.-GCC elationship: a Glass Half-Empty or Half-Full?. Middle East Policy, 5(2), pp. 22-41.
1984. Appropriate Technology in Third World Development (D. E. Morrison & P.K. Ghosh, Ed.). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Bahrain WTC website, December 4, 2006 "Bahrain World Trade…...
mlaReferences
Anthony, J.D. 1997, The U.S.-GCC Relationship: a Glass Half-Empty or Half-Full?. Middle East Policy, 5(2), pp. 22-41.
1984. Appropriate Technology in Third World Development (D. E. Morrison & P.K. Ghosh, Ed.). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Bahrain WTC website, December 4, 2006 "Bahrain World Trade Center Moves Towards Launch of Kingdom's First World-Class Office and Commercial Complex http://www.bahrainwtc.com/news33.htm
Belgrave, R., Ebinger, C.K., & Okino, H. (Eds.).1987, Energy Security to 2000. Aldershot, England: Westview Press.
Non-enewable Energy Data Analysis
There were 143 respondents to the survey. They were 52.45% female (75) and 47.55% male (68). The survey respondents skewed older than the national average. The median age in the UK is 40.5, and 54.17% of survey respondents were over the age of forty. So the age skews only slightly older than the total UK population. Children were underrepresented in the survey. 17.44% of UK citizens are aged 15 or under, but in the survey only 9.03% were 17 or younger. Some 59.03% of respondents reported themselves to be married, with 25% reporting "never married." A relatively low number reported cohabitation or domestic partnership.
Most of the survey respondents were employed, at 59.03%. A total of 4.86% reported that they are unemployed and looking for work, slightly lower than the national unemployment rate of 5.4%. While 10.42% of respondents are over the age of 60, only 4.86% report…...
mlaReferences
CIA World Factbook (2016). United Kingdom. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved December 6, 2016 from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.html
China' s Investment in Green Companies
Introduction
Climate change is one of the major issues facing the world today – arguably the most important one of them all. At issue is the reality that, of the present path of development during the entire industrialized era, much of it has come as the result of using machines to perform tasks that otherwise were performed by humans, animals, or not at all. This is not a problem of itself, but combined with the fact that the negative externalities of development, from climate change to pollution to garbage, are often poorly priced into the cost of goods. This means that there is a trade-off between the desire to develop, and the negative impacts that development has on our world, and ultimately will have on human society as a whole. As many observer has pointed out – the planet will be just fine, in a million…...
mlaReferences
Bradsher, Keith (2010). \\"China leading global race to make clean energy.\\" New York Times. January 31, 2010.Byrne, John, Shen, Bo, and Wallace, William. (1998) \\"The economics of sustainable energy for rural development: A study of renewable energy in rural China” Energy Policy. Vol. 26, No. 1, pp 45-54.Chang, J., Leung, Dennis, Wu, C. & Yuan, Z. (2003) \\"A review on the energy production, consumption, and prospect of renewable energy in China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 453-468.Chemi, Judith & Kentish, Joanna. (2007) Renewable energy policy and electricity market reforms in China. Energy Policy Vol. 35, No. 7, pp. 3616-3629.Cheng, Hefa & Hu, Yuanan. (2010) \\"Municipal solid waste (MSW) as a renewable source of energy: Current and future practices in China.\\" Bioresource Technology. Vol. 10, No. 2010, pp.3816-3824.Davis, Kenneth (2010) \\"Outward FDI from China and its policy context\\" Columbia Academic Commons Gardiner, B. (2017) \\"Three reasons to believe in China\\'s renewable energy boom\\" National Geographic. https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/05/china-renewables-energy-climate-change-pollution-environment/Ge, Mengpin, Friedrich, Johannes & Damassa, Thomas (2017). \\"6 graphs explain the world\\'s top 10 emitters\\" World Resources Institute. https://wri.org/blog/2014/11/6-graphs-explain-world%E2%80%99s-top-10-emittershttps://doi.org/10.7916/D8VD76C0
Electric car has recently become a viable alternative for the average consumer. Along with hybrid vehicles, most manufacturers offer some type of alternative fuel vehicle in their product line. The feasibility that alternative vehicles will replace combustion engines, however doesn't appear to be happening anytime soon. This raises the question that will be explored in this paper, of whether or not electric cars are a real industry or merely greenwash for manufacturers.
History of Electric Cars
Electric vehicles are far from a new concept in transportation. In fact, the first electric carriage was built by a Scottish inventor in 1832 using a crude non-rechargeable battery ("Timeline"). Thomas Davenport is credited as having built the first electric vehicle in 1835, a small electric locomotive, and William Morrison built the first successful electric car in 1891, more than a hundred years ago ("Timeline"). The electric vehicle is not new technology, as many may believe,…...
mlaReferences
"Americans Using Less Energy Overall and Using More Renewable Energy Resources." Greencarcongress.com, 24 Aug. 2010. Web. 17 Dec. 2010.
Garthwaite, Josei. "Hey, What's Big Oil Doing in That Electric Car?" Gigaom.com, Gigaom, 1 July 2010. Web. 17 Dec. 2010.
Hsu, Jeremy. "Peak oil production predicted for 2014." MSNBC.com, March 12, 2010. Web. 17 Dec. 2010.
"J.D. Power forecasts hybrid- and battery-electric vehicles will represent 7.3% of global auto sales in 2020." Greencarcongress.com, 28 Oct. 2010. Web. 16 Dec. 2010.
Government Role
Renewable energy and sustainable development
Why Australian Government should lead the initiative?
Governmental initiatives
Supply side interventions: Rebates and feed-in tariffs
Renewable energy is derived from sources that are naturally replenish-able and supply of energy from these sources is infinite. The main purposes served by using renewable energy are many such as generation of power, transport fuel production, and for heating of houses and other living places. Except the naturally occurring main difference of supply source between renewable and non-renewable energy, there are several industry related differences as well. Usability of renewable energy, level of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, cost of generating energy, and the phase from renewable energy production is passing through, all these industry related aspects for both renewable and non-renewable energy are different.
Due to the environmental and socioeconomic benefits that renewable sources (RES) provide, renewable energy is considered as most important source of Sustainable Development SD.[footnoteRef:2]The main forms of renewable…...
mlaBibliography
BREE. Energy in Australia, (Bureau of Resources, & Energy Economics, 2012) http://www.bree.gov.au/documents/publications/energy-in-aust/energy-in-australia-2012.pdf
Dalton, G.J., D.A. Lockington, and T.E. Baldock. "Feasibility analysis of stand-alone renewable energy supply options for a large hotel." Renewable energy 33, no. 7 (2008): 1475-1490.
Del Rio, Pablo, and Mercedes Burguillo. "Assessing the impact of renewable energy deployment on local sustainability: Towards a theoretical framework." Renewable and sustainable energy reviews 12, no. 5 (2008): 1325-1344.
Del Rio, Pablo, and Miguel Gual. "The promotion of green electricity in Europe: present and future." European Environment 14, no. 4 (2004): 219-234.
Nonrenewable vs. enewable Energy Use
Energy is required to run households, industrial units, transport, and for the production of goods and services in their basic as well as advanced form. With respect to its potential of depletion and reproduction ability, energy is divided into two categories, non-renewable and renewable energy. Energy derived from non-renewable resources, those which cannot be reproduced or replenished to their original level is called the non-renewable energy. Consumption of non-renewable energy is unsustainable in the long run. Leading non-renewable resources are fossil and radioactive fuels. Fossil fuel includes resources such as coal, crude oil, and natural gas whereas radioactive fuel includes metal ores such as uranium ore to produce electricity (Mongillo, 2011). Predominantly, non-renewable energy is produced from fossil fuels.
Energy derived from resources that are continuously reproduced and replenished is called the renewable energy. Primary examples of renewable energy resources are sunlight, wind, geothermal heat, biomass, and…...
mlaReferences
Aresta, M., & Dibenedetto, A. (2007). Utilization of CO2 as a chemical feedstock: opportunities and challenges. Dalton Transactions, (28), 2975-2992.
Asif, M. & Muneer, T. (2007). Energy supply, its demand and security issues for developed and emerging economies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 11(7), 1388-1413.
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Conservation Council SA. (n.d.). Uses of Uranium: Is Uranium Needed. The Conservation Council of South Australia. Retrieved from: http://www.ccsa.asn.au/nuclearsa/b1.html
renewable energy development from the 1970s to present. Historical changes in energy misuses (i.e. pollution) and consumption (oil reserves) have resulted in increased concern regarding the search and use for alternate and/or renewable energy worldwide. The world faces a critical shortage of non-renewable energy sources in the next decades, and something must be done now to combat the rising disappearance of these energy sources that will eventually cripple transportation around the globe if not checked. enewable energy sources offer hope for the future, but must be supported today to create a future less dependent on high-priced, non-renewable resources.
enewable energy sources are certainly not a new idea. Solar, wind, hydrogen, geothermal and other renewable energy technologies have been around for decades, even centuries, and many of them have been perfected to be much more reliable and practical than their earlier forms. enewable energy replaces or supplements non-renewable energy sources such…...
mlaReferences
Borowitz, S. (1999). Farewell fossil fuels: reviewing America's energy policy. New York: Plenum.
Flavin, C., & Dunn, S. (1999). A new energy paradigm for the 21st century. Journal of international affairs, 53(1), 167.
Fleagle, R.G. (1994). Global environmental change: Interactions of science, policy, and politics in the United States. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
Pasqualetti, M.J. (2000). Morality, space and the power of wind-energy landscapes. The geographical review, 90(3), 381.
Title: The Critical Reality of Global Warming: Challenges and Solutions
Introduction (300 words)
Definition and Overview: Begin by defining global warming and its relevance in the current global scenario.
Thesis Statement: Present a clear thesis that outlines your perspective on global warming, its impacts, and potential solutions.
Scope of Essay: Briefly describe what the essay will cover, including causes, effects, and mitigation strategies.
Section 1: Causes of Global Warming (600 words)
Human Activities: Discuss how industrialization, deforestation, and burning of fossil fuels contribute to greenhouse gas emissions.
Agricultural Practices: Explain the role of agriculture, including livestock farming and rice cultivation, in methane emissions.
Energy Consumption: Analyze how our....
Creating a 900-word essay on global warming is a substantial task. However, we can certainly help you get started with an outline, key points, and some sources that you can use to expand your essay.
"Global Warming: Understanding the Crisis and Seeking Solutions"
1. The Benefits and Challenges of Microgeneration for Sustainable Development.
2. The Role of Microgeneration in Overcoming Energy Poverty in Developing Countries.
3. The Impact of Microgeneration on Grid Resilience and Energy Security.
4. The Economic Viability of Microgeneration: Cost Analysis and Evaluation.
5. Microgeneration Technologies and their Potential for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
6. The Integration of Microgeneration into Smart Grid Systems: Opportunities and Challenges.
7. The Role of Government Policies and Incentives in Promoting Microgeneration.
8. Case Study: Successful Microgeneration Projects and their Lessons for Scaling-Up.
9. The Role of Microgeneration in Empowering Consumers and Supporting Energy Democracy.
10. Microgeneration and Energy Transition: How can it Facilitate....
1. The impact of global warming on natural disasters such as hurricanes, droughts, and wildfires.
2. The role of human activities in causing global warming.
3. The effects of melting polar ice caps and rising sea levels on coastal communities.
4. The importance of renewable energy sources in combating global warming.
5. The role of international cooperation in addressing global warming.
6. The economic consequences of global warming for industries such as agriculture, tourism, and insurance.
7. The social and health impacts of global warming on vulnerable populations.
8. The role of education and awareness in combating global warming.
9. The ethical considerations surrounding global warming and climate....
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