teps in Content Analysis: There are ten steps in content analysis including: (1) copying and reading the transcript and making notes where pertinent information is located: (2) reviewing notes and making a list of the various information types located; (3) reading the list and categorizing each item and providing a description for what information has been identified; (4) identification of whether the categories are potentially linked and then listing the primary categories and the minor categories; (5) comparison and contrast of the primary and minor categories; (7) If more than one transcript exists then one should repeat the first five steps again for each additional transcript and collect the themes or categories and do a detailed examination; (8) After categorizing the transcript data into primary and minor categories or themes conduct a review to make sure that the information is categorized correctly; (9) Conduct a review of all…...

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Sources: Scholar sources are those located in peer-reviewed academic and professional journal publications or government publications.

Scholarly text v. non-scholarly text: This is the text contained within scholarly sources or alternatively text in sources that are not peer-reviewed academic or professional publications.

Steps in a Classical Randomized Experiment: the steps in a classical randomized experiment include: random assigning of individuals to treatment or control groups; (2) administering of the pre-test to both groups; (3) making sure that both groups have the same experience in the same conditions and that the experimental group is on the receiving end of the treatment; (4) administering the post-test to both groups; and (5) conduction of assessment on the amount of change on the dependent variable\'s value from pre- to post-test for each group and this is accomplished separately.

Steps in Content Analysis: There are ten steps in content analysis including: (1) copying and reading the transcript and making notes where pertinent information is located: (2) reviewing notes and making a list of the various information types located; (3) reading the list and categorizing each item and providing a description for what information has been identified; (4) identification of whether the categories are potentially linked and then listing the primary categories and the minor categories; (5) comparison and contrast of the primary and minor categories; (7) If more than one transcript exists then one should repeat the first five steps again for each additional transcript and collect the themes or categories and do a detailed examination; (8) After categorizing the transcript data into primary and minor categories or themes conduct a review to make sure that the information is categorized correctly; (9) Conduct a review of all categories and decide if any of the other categories can be joined or is sub-categorization is needed; and (10) Go back to the original transcript to make sure all the information needing categorization has been included.

Tautology: this is when the same thing is stated two times but in varying words.

Justifying esearch Methods and Design
Insider threats are one of the primary sources of risk to an enterprise network and to intellectual property. For decades, the internet security realm has been rather narrowly focused on pre-empting insider threats by mean of sophisticated architecture and conventional login identification barriers. More recently, internet communications and technology (ICT) experts have taken an active position by using technological capacity to identify risk patterns, and devising systems to address insider threat when and where it is most likely to happen -- before it happens. In other words, rather than just taking a technological approach to the problem of insider threats, professionals with expertise in internet security dovetail sociological and psychological knowledge with technological knowhow The research in socio-technical methods for mitigating insider threat to enterprises hold profound promise for effective and agile solutions to a pervasive, expensive, and fluid problem.

A socio-technical approach to assessing, understanding,…...

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References

Burstein, A.J. (2008, April). Conducting cybersecurity research legally and ethically. Berkeley School of Law, 18, 42. [Post]. University of California, Berkeley, CA. Retreived  http://static.usenix.org/event/leet08/tech/full_papers/burstein/burstein_html/ 

Cappelli, D.M., Desai, A.G., Moore, A.P., Shimeall, T.J., Weaver, E.A., and Willke, B.J. (2004). Management and Education of the Risk of Insider Threat (MERIT): System dynamics modeling of computer system sabotage. CERT3 Program, Software Engineering Institute and CyLab, ?Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie Mellon University.

Catrantzos, N. (2009, September). No dark corners: Defending against insider threats to critical infrastructure. [Master's thesis, Center for Homeland Defense and Security, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California]. Retreived  http://www.chds.us/?player&id=2319 

Creswell, J.W. And Clark, V.L.P. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (2nd ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Another approach to the survey study is to launch an online survey site for Starbucks customers. Qualified respondents will be randomly selected through a program integrated in its POS system, which will identify which customer will be randomly picked for the survey. To encourage 100% response from customers, these randomly selected customers will receive a "gift" or token for their participation in the online survey, to be claimed after they have completed the online survey. This approach ensures completeness of information from randomly selected Starbucks customers. This approach also makes this survey an anticipated activity for customers because of the gift or token s/he will receive after participating in it.

After data collection (the survey should run for a specific period only to capture information about the customers and their behavior/patterns in a timely manner), data analysis will be conducted, wherein important information shall be generated and uncovered. The survey questionnaire…...

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References:

Bughin, J., A. Shenkan, and M. Singer. October 2008. How poor metrics undermine digital marketing. The McKinsey Quarterly.

Malhotra, N. 1996. Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation. New Jersey, Prentice Hall.

Sociology and Cultural Anthropology
esearch Methods used in Sociology

Closed or Structured Questionnaires and Participant Observation are among the many research methods used in sociological studies.

Structured questionnaire is a quantitative research method that was postulated by Emile Durkheim. It is positivist in nature and is comprised of low researcher involvement and high respondents' participation. A questionnaire is, in fact, a series of questions posed to individuals for obtaining statistically useful information about a certain subject matter. If a questionnaire is appropriately created and sensibly controlled, it becomes an imperative tool to make accurate and acceptable statements about particular groups or people or whole populace. Social research often uses questionnaires as it is a helpful method to collect ample information from a large number of individuals. In order for a survey to be successful, sufficient questionnaire creation is important. Any survey that has badly chosen questions, incorrect questions' arrangement, erroneous scaling, or bad…...

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References

Crossan, F. (n.d.). Research Philosophy: Towards an Understanding. Nurse Researcher, 11 (1), 46-55. Retrieved August 22, 2012 from  http://www.slis.indiana.edu/faculty/hrosenba/www/Research/methods/crossan_res-philo.pdf 

Marshall, C., & Rossman, G.B. (2011). Designing Qualitative Research. (5th ed.). USA: SAGE Publications, Inc. Retrieved August 22, 2012 from  http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=efSKBrsk7UkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Designing+Qualitative+Research&source=bl&ots=HjkCngoRO2&sig=EBumjuPnak6bPlMNlQzXAy5Tybc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=88Y0UKnqI-rN4QTl7oDQBg&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false 

Trueman, C. (n.d.). Census. Retrieved August 22, 2012 from  http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/census.htm 

Trueman, C. (n.d.). Structured Questionnaires. Retrieved August 22, 2012 from  http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/structured_questionnaires.htm

Marketing Research Process and Research Methods
The four steps in the marketing research process are designed to capture the information and insights needed to make better strategic and tactical decisions, gain greater intelligence on customer needs, and ultimately create greater value for a company. The four stages of the market research process are defined in this analysis with their applicability for given strategic decisions and trade-offs also discussed. The three dominant research methods including causal, exploratory and descriptive research are also analyzed from the standpoint of their applicability to specific types of decisions. Both of these concepts of the marketing research process and research methods fit into the broader definition of marketing research as defined in the text. The authors state that marketing research is the systematic design, collection, analysis and reporting of data relevant to a specific marketing situation facing an organization. This paper will also illustrate how these concepts…...

Focus of the study will be males within the age group of 15-25 years old, with equal split across ethnic membership/race. Controlling for this variable is critical as this study will need to establish if there are differences in the intervention (short-term counseling) results across race or ethnic membership. The experimental group will participate in short-term counseling sessions, as described earlier in this proposal (i.e., weekly one-hour sessions for six weeks). The counseling sessions will be conducted to two kinds of experimental group: first, novice criminals who are currently incarcerated, and second, male teenagers who have a history of committing criminal offenses. Names will be generated from the county or state's prison institution, to be randomly selected, but must be qualified given the initial criteria set.
Data collection will be in the form of self-accomplished questionnaires before and after the short-term counseling period. To ensure the authenticity of the respondents'…...

Some descriptive observation can even be unethical, if the subjects are unaware of the fact they are being observed.
Historical research is similar to descriptive research in that it cannot, by virtue of its retrospective nature, affect the variables in question under tightly controlled conditions. A historian may examine historical or past trends in a descriptive or comparative way, and test a hypothesis by examining different types of data, like marital trends in 20th century America, for example, to see if people were marrying older or younger than in previous eras (Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods, 2004, AllPsych).

A correlational method of research attempts determine if a relationship exists between two variables. Unlike experimental research, which attempts to make assumptions about cause and effect, correlational research assesses the strength of a relationship (Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods, 2004, AllPsych). It can be useful for describing…...

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Works Cited

Davis, John. (9 Jul 1997). "Experimental research methods." Department of Psychology.

Metropolitan State College of Denver. Retrieved 13 Dec 2007 at http://clem.mscd.edu/~davisj/prm2/exper1.html

Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods." 21 Mar 2004

Psychology 101. Retrieved 13 Dec 2007 at  http://allpsych.com/psychology101/research.html

Other pertained to the consumer's preferred method of going to the Starbucks, such as whether the consumer usually patronized the same Starbucks; frequency of patronization; preference for taking out beverages vs. eating in; and the usual size of the consumer's beverage. Finally, more subjective responses were requested, such as whether the store's customer service was good and the prices were fair.
Classification of findings

Findings were classified on a nominal basis, except for age and income. Because this was a small, preliminary survey, the responses and number were often merely recorded. For example, when asked 'how would you rate customer service' at Starbucks, 17 responded excellent, 3 responded good, and none responded fair. Another type of ranking would have involved ranking the customer service experience from 1-5 (excellent-poor) and averaging the frequency of different responses (for example, what numbered rankings received the greatest number of responses). However, this was not chosen,…...

Psychology esearch Methods
Imagine studying correlation research. Is there a possibility that this measure can get used in an actual psychology study? What does a positive, negative or zero correlation mean? Can a relationship exist between two variables? One will study in depth correlation through much evaluation and research.

The correlational research method is appropriate when an individual wants to study two different variables to see if there is a link between them or not. These are used when one wants to predict the results as well as describe what could occur between the concepts involved for the study. For example, research was conducted by Mayer as well as in 2004. People were required to fill out questionnaires in hopes to determine if there is a correlation between nature and life satisfaction. As a result, a positive correlation was found, and the researchers determined that there was a correlation between nature and…...

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References

Mayer, F.S., & Frantz, C.M. (2004). The connectedness to nature scale: A measure of individuals' feeling in community with nature. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24, 503-515.

Social Media Use by Minors, Teens and Youths
Benefits of children and adolescents using social media

Socialization and Communication

Enhanced Learning Opportunities

Accessing Health Information

isks of youth using social media

Cyberbullying and Online Harassment

Sexting

Facebook Depression

Privacy Concerns and Digital footprint

Influence of advertisements on buying

Legal amifications

On 'Too Young': Mixed Messages from Parents and the Law

Putting concerns over sexting into context -- the 'sexualization' of culture

ole of Monitoring of Cell Phone Use and Capable Guardians

ole of other professionals -- e.g. Pediatricians

esearch Methods and Statistics: Impact of Teenage Sexting on Children and Its Consequences

Literature review

Defining Sexting

To date, not one state in the country has legally defined sexting. The closest thing many states have come to prohibiting the same, are legislations against the sharing of nude / semi-nude photos of minors via cellphones. The word sexting is a combination of the words sex and texting. It is usually interpreted to mean the sharing of sex-related material, to sexually arouse the…...

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References

Attwood, F. (2006). Sexed up: Theorizing the sexualization of culture, Sexualities, 9(1): 77-94.

Bailey, R. (2011) Letting Children Be Children: Report of an Independent Review of the Commercialisation and Sexualisation of Childhood. London: Department for Education.

Barnes, G., Hoffman, J., Welte, J., Farrell, M., & Dintcheff, B. (2007). Adolescents' time use: Effects on substance use, delinquency and sexual activity. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36(5), 697-710.

Christakis, D.A. & Moreno, M.A. (2009). Trapped in the net: will internet addiction become a 21st-century epidemic? Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 163(10):959-960

School Advisory Systems
Some studies describe the attributes of programs that are run after school and assist in boosting social and academic growth of the youth in high school. Since the number of afterschool programs is limited, the importance of adopting the practices discussed in this paper will be significant and consequential. Following these practices will also help boost investment in after-school programs for youths in high school (Holstead, Hightower King & Miller, 2015). The effectiveness of advisory programs have corresponded to scope and intensity in the past. The delivery of learning and the ensuing firm innovation differs from program to program. Various methods are used to examine the range of delivery of various advisory programs, which are both quantitative, and qualitative (Sawang, Parker and Hine, 2016). Irrespective of the chosen hypotheses, esearch methods have to be effective. If they are not, there is a risk of failure to collect…...

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References

Attride-Stirling, J. (2012). Thematic networks: An analytic tool for qualitative research. Qualitative Inquiry, 1, 385-405.

Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.

Crooks, C.V., Burleigh, D., Snowshoe, A., Lapp, A., Hughes, R. & Sisco, A. (2015). A case study of culturally relevant school-based programming for First Nations youth: improved relationships, confidence and leadership, and school success, Advances in School Mental Health Promotion. DOI: 10.1080/1754730X.2015.1064775

Drusin, L., Gerber, L., Miller, C., Storey-Johnson, C., & Ballard, B. (2013). An advisory program for first- and second-year medical students: The Weill Cornell experience. Medical Education Online, 18. doi:  http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/meo.v18i0.22684

In this paper, we provide a brief two page summary of the recently printed eighth edition of the book “Research Methods in Social Sciences” written by Frankfort-Nachmias, C., Nachmias, D. and DeWaard, J., published in the year 2015. The authors are an exprienced group of people in the field of social sciences. Chava Frankfort-Nachmias works at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. She is a respected Emeritus Professor of Sociology there. She has been a part of many other co-writing and co-editing projects for works like Social Statistics for a Diverse Society and Sappho in the Holy Land. David Nachmias works at the Israel Democracy Institute (IDI) as a Senior Fellow Emeritus. He has also worked tirelessly in projects within the fields of Public Administration and Policy, in Israel and internationally. Jack DeWaard works in the Minnesota Population Center at University of Minnesota as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology. The…...

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Reference

Frankfort-Nachmias, C., Nachmias, D. and DeWaard, J. (2015). Research Methods in the Social Sciences. Eighth Edition. ISBN-10: 1-4292-3300-1. ISBN-13: 978-1-4292-3300-2

Nachmias, C.F., Nachmias, D. (2000). Research Methods in the Social Sciences, Sixth Edition. New York: Worth Publishers and St. Martin’s Press

Methods Preferring to use a quantitative approach to provide the business community with numerical data it can use to transform organizational practices and increase employee retention, I will be using a survey as the primary instrument of data collection. Pennsylvania State University (2006) defines a survey as “a research method for collecting information from a selected group of people using standardized questionnaires or interviews,” (p. 1). While the central component of the survey method is a questionnaire, the survey methodology also includes the selection of the population sample, designing reliable and valid survey instruments that accurately measure the target variables, and using the most robust methods of data analysis. Performing surveys is a critical component of social science research, and it is important to ensure survey method validity and reliability.
Surveys are not necessarily easy or simple. The most common methods of collecting survey data is by using in-person questionnaires, telephone interviews,…...

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References

Kelley, K., Clark, B., Brown, V. & Sitzia, J. (2003). Good practice in the conduct and reporting of survey research. International Journal for Quality in Health Care 15(3): 261-266.

Pennsylvania State University (2006). Using surveys for data collection in continuous improvement. Innovation Insights 14. Retrieved online:  

Pew Research Center (2017). Collecting survey data. Retrieved online:  http://www.pewresearch.org/methodology/u-s-survey-research/collecting-survey-data/ 

Ponto, J. (2015). Understanding and evaluating survey research. Journal of the Advanced Practitioner in Oncology 6(2): 168-171.

http://www.virginia.edu/processsimplification/resources/PennState%20Surveys.pdf 

1. Qualitative research does not depend on numbers or statistics, unlike quantitative research. Liberated from the need to devise surveys or instruments to measure only quantifiable results, the research can gather information that is more abstract, subjective, or exploratory in nature. Both qualitative and quantitative research are empirical methods relevant to the social sciences, and can be used together to bolster understanding of a specific subject, population, theory, issue, or set of variables. Some of the most common research designs used in qualitative research include interviews, observations, and case studies. Some of the drawbacks of qualitative research methods include the small sample size, and the lack of generalizable data. To make up for this drawback, researchers can supplement their initial qualitative research with a follow-up study that focuses on some of the key variables that were elucidated in the qualitative research. Qualitative research is systematic, even though it is not quantitative…...

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References

Morse, J.M., Barrett, M., Mayan, M., Olson, K. & Spiers, J. (2002). Verification strategies for establishing reliability and validity in qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods 1 (2). Retrieved online:  

 

https://sites.ualberta.ca/~iiqm/backissues/1_2Final/pdf/morseetal.pdf 

Mixed methods research design is popular in many research settings because it offers a set of advantages as well as a flexibility that cannot be matched by other available methods. This method combines some of the features from both quantitative and qualitative research methods to create unique methods that can integrate many theoretical or conceptual frameworks. This analysis will use a case study form of a mixed methods approach from studies that were performed in different academic fields to illustrate this form of research. The case study approach is popular in various environments due to the fact that it has more flexibility to explore and explain complex social phenomenon that are difficult to account for in strict quantitative approaches. Furthermore, it also allows room for the social constructivist approach that allows participants some freedom to add information that is relevant to their particular perspective to be added to the data.
Case…...

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Works Cited

Mayo, J. (2002). Case-based Instruction: A Technique for Increasing Conceptual Application in Introductory Psychology. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 65-74.

O'Connor, B., & Cordova, R. (2010). Learning: The Experiences of Adults Who Work Full-Time While Attending Graduate School Part-Time. Journal of Education for Business, 359-368.

van der Voot, J., Glac, K., & Meijs, L. (2009). ''Managing'' Corporate Community Involvement. Journal of Business Ethics, 311-329.

Topic 1: The Effectiveness of Online Education Compared to Traditional Classroom Instruction

Comparative study of student outcomes, engagement, and satisfaction in online vs. traditional learning environments
Analysis of the impact of online learning on critical thinking skills, collaboration, and communication abilities
Exploration of the role of learner autonomy and self-motivation in online education

Topic 2: Accessibility and Equity in Online Education

Investigation of the barriers and facilitators to online education participation for diverse learners (e.g., low-income, rural, students with disabilities)
Examination of the policies and practices that promote inclusion and reduce disparities in online learning
Assessment of the effectiveness of online....

Thesis statement: Despite skeptics' claim that paranormal phenomena are mere illusions or hoaxes, robust evidence and personal experiences suggest that the existence of paranormal phenomena, such as ghosts and ESP, cannot be dismissed, prompting a more comprehensive exploration of the topic. When formulating your thesis statement on paranormal phenomena, it's important to consider the various aspects of the topic you want to explore. You could focus on specific types of paranormal experiences, such as ghost sightings, hauntings, or psychic abilities. Alternatively, you may want to delve into the scientific explanations and theories behind these phenomena, or examine the cultural and historical....

Developmental Psychology: A Comprehensive List of Essay Topics

Cognitive Development

Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development: An Examination of its Stages and Implications
Information Processing in Children: How Age and Experience Shape Cognitive Function
Language Development and the Role of Environment: Exploring the Interplay of Nature and Nurture
Cognitive Biases in Children and Adolescents: The Impact of Cognitive Immaturity on Decision-Making
The Development of Memory in Infancy: How Early Experiences Influence Retrieval and Recognition

Social and Emotional Development

Attachment Theory: Bowlby's and Ainsworth's Perspectives: Implications for Infant-Caregiver Relationships
Socialization and the Development of Prosocial Behavior: How Children Learn to Cooperate and Share
Moral....

I. Introduction
A. Definition of physical therapy
B. Role of the physical therapist
C. Types of physical therapy

II. History of Physical Therapy
A. Ancient origins
B. Development in the 19th and 20th centuries
C. Modern advances

III. Education and Training
A. Educational requirements
B. Clinical experiences
C. Continuing education

IV. Physical Examination
A. Subjective examination
B. Objective examination
C. Special tests

V. Treatment Planning
A. Goals of treatment
B. Development of a treatment plan
C. Collaboration with other healthcare professionals

VI. Treatment Techniques
A. Exercise therapy
B. Manual therapy
C. Electrophysical agents
D. Assistive devices

VII. Patient Education
A. Importance of patient involvement
B. Home....