In addition though the temptation is great to slam on the brakes if one is being tailgated this can only serve to further enrage the person who already has the anger issues. It is better to maintain a steady pace and pull over at the first opportunity to allow the angry driver to proceed ahead.

CONCLUSION

There are several identified risk factors for road rage including general personality traits, constantly running late and responding in such a manner as to cause the situation to escalate. To curb and reduce the number of road rage incidents the time has come for both the aggressive drivers and the potential victims to receive education on how to avoid the situations. The education should be part of any driver education curriculum and there should be public service announcements made regularly through the media. Only by education will awareness happen and reduction follow.

eferences

Carroll, Andrew Forrester (2005) Depressive…...

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References

Carroll, Andrew Forrester (2005) Depressive rage and criminal responsibility.(Australia)

Psychiatry, Psychology and Law

Indermuar, David (2005) Boys and road rage: driving-related violence and aggression in Western Australia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology

McGarva, Andrew R. Ramsey, Matthew Shear, Suzannah a.(2006) Effects of driver cell-phone use on driver aggression. The Journal of Social Psychology

oad age is on the rise, due to increased crowding on city streets, long commutes and tired drivers. oad rage is caused by a variety of factors, most of which could be avoided. The top two causes of road rage include being cut off and tailgated. oad rage has serious consequences. Many accidents result from road rage, and in extreme circumstances death can occur. The causes and effects of road rage are explored further below.
oad rage is the number one cause of motor vehicle job-related death in the United States (McKernan, 1999). oad rage can provoke all manner of behaviors, including physical and violent confrontation (McKernan, 1999). People studying road rage have concluded that two of the most prevalent causes of road rage including being cut off and tailgating. Motorists become angry when drivers don't use turn signals, shift between lanes improperly and swerve back and forth between lanes (Pagewise,…...

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References

Road Rage Found to be Common." United Press International. Volume 1, Number 13, Aug. 27, 1999. http://www.applesforhealth.com/roadrage1.html

McKernan, Timothy. "Putting the Brakes on Road Rage." SDSU, Marketing and Communications. October, 1999  http://advancement.sdsu.edu/marcomm/Fall99News/ReleasesONLY/RoadRage.html 

Pagewise. Causes of Road Rage. Pagewise, Inc. 2001.  http://allsands.com/Health/Alternative/causeofroadra_xal_gn.htm

As Dr. Johnson's testing and surveys have concluded, and provided statistical data in support of his conjectures; aggressive driving will lead to assault depending upon how the driver who triggers the road rager's emotional response responds to that aggressive behavior.
The DOT does acknowledge the need to address aggressive driving, and has strong recommendations concerning the penalties for the offense. The DOT makes recommendations in six areas with statutory strategies (Statutory Strategies, online):

1.

Strengthen existing statutes to include stricter penalties. epeat offenders should receive enhanced punishment, including increased points, loss of license, higher fines, and jail sentences or probation.

2. Establish comprehensive education programs that address aggressive driving and include them as part of legislative changes. At a minimum, include aggressive driving education in public and private driver education programs. States should also consider anger management education as a supplement to other sanctions when making legislative changes.

3. Develop statutes that match the…...

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Reference List

Larson, J. And Rodriguez, C., 1999, Road Rage to Road Wise, Tom Doherty Associates,

New York, NY.

ROARR, 2009, found online at retrieved 10 December 2009.http://roarrinc.bizopiaweb.com/Default.aspx?tabid=231442,

U.S. Department of Transportation (2009), National Aggressive Driving Action Guide: A

Road Rage
A Short Study of Aggression on the Road

New York City has recently been voted by the participants of a survey as the U.S. city with the angriest and most aggressive drivers, who "tailgate, speed, honk their horns, overreact and lose their tempers." As a recent visitor of the Big Apple, I can attest to having heard excessive honking and some hand gestures that are very inappropriate for discussion here, on the streets of the city. Whether it is called intermittent explosive disorder, aggressive driving or just plain frustration with traffic, road rage is real and it is dangerous. This paper will thus attempt to understand why most drivers experience aggression the road, and will also offer examples of aggressive driving and give advice as to how to prevent road rage from taking place in the hopes to mitigate the dangers accompanied by this reaction to road conditions. [1: Reuters.…...

Road Rage
What Road Rage is Why Road Rage Happens

Causes of Road Rage

Anger at Other Drivers

Anger at Other People (Not Drivers)

Rush to Arrive Somewhere

Feeling of Power Over Others

Stress That Comes From Other Causes

Several Causes for Road Rage

Concerns for the Future

To understand the causes of road rage and the general problems that it creates, it is important to understand what road rage actually is. Road rage is intense anger that occurs when an individual is driving his or her vehicle and something goes wrong or causes upset. When these people get angry they might make rude gestures at other drivers, cut them off in traffic, or even follow them when they exit a highway in hopes of starting some type of fight or intimidating the other person. Most people think that road rage happens just because of things that go on when someone is driving but in all reality there are many…...

Thus, just about any aggressive behavior on the road can bring out the worst in a person, and can trigger a chain reaction of reactions that can lead to deadly situations. oad rage can be controlled, and in fact, some people who suffer from road rage behavior can attend anger management classes to help learn to control the behavior. If you are confronted with road rage, stay as far away from the aggressive driver as you can, and apologize if the situation was your fault. If you think you are in danger, call the police, and try to get the license number of the aggressive vehicle ("age on the road," 2008). Always try to stay courteous on the road, so you will not become a victim of road rage.
eferences

Editors. (2008). age on the road. etrieved 7 June 2008 from the oadandTravel.com Web site: http://www.roadandtravel.com/safetyandsecurity/2007/road-rage.htm.

Editors. (2008). What is road rage?…...

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References

Editors. (2008). Rage on the road. Retrieved 7 June 2008 from the RoadandTravel.com Web site:  http://www.roadandtravel.com/safetyandsecurity/2007/road-rage.htm .

Editors. (2008). What is road rage? Retrieved 7 June 2008 from the Roadragers.com Web site:  http://www.roadragers.com/what-is-road-rage.htm .

Root, J.M. (2008). Top 10 tips to prevent road rage. Retrieved 7 June 2008 from Edmunds.com Web site: http://www.edmunds.com/reviews/list/top10/110033/article.html.

Ferguson and researchers believe the problem exists because there are more drivers on the road today than ever before, and they are more varied, both culturally and emotionally, and there are fewer drivers' education classes to train young drivers. He also notes that for most people, driving is a singular pursuit, and that people act differently inside their car, doing things they would never do in other situations. There is also a feeling of power and control in driving, especially driving large SUVs that are so popular today.

Ferguson talks to experts who believe that the bad road rage behavior can be corrected, and that education should start very early, before children pick up the bad habits of their parents and other adults. Finally, he believes road rage may simply be a part of American culture, and that one thing may help in the world or road rage: praying.

eferences…...

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References

Ferguson, Alan. "Road Rage." 553-556.

Psychological Trait Measurement
The author of this report is asked to create a psychological-related test that measures something important yet psychological in nature. To that end, the author of this report is going to have a test that measure stress and anger in drivers as they commute to work in a rush hour environment. The different levels of reaction times and emotions expressed will be capture and measured so as to find out the depth and breadth of a person's problems with driving in a dicey commute. While no such test is going to be exhaustive and perpetually accurate, the test can at least point practitioners using the test in the right direction (Aiken & Groth-Marnat, 2006).

Analysis

A proper review of a person's reactions and performance in traffic and how it might degrade when they get angry or stressed requires a dual-pronged measurement approach that focuses on both positive and negative behaviors…...

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References

Aiken, L.R. & Groth-Marnat, G. (2006). Psychological testing and assessment, (12th

ed.).Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. ISBN: 0205457428.

Albrecht, S. (2013, January 5). The Psychology of Road Rage. Psychology Today:

Health, Help, Happiness + Find a Therapist. Retrieved July 20, 2014, from  http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-act-violence/201301/the-psychology-road-rage

In the same situation, a female driver is much more likely to give permission and allow the other driver to cut in front of her. Men are much more prone to road rage and provoked into verbal or even physical altercations with other drivers over their respective points-of-view about which driver had the right of way or which driver did something disrespectful to the other. Men are much more likely to make rude comments about other drivers to their passengers and to make obscene gestures to other drivers who annoy them, such as by "giving them the finger" through their window.
Sometimes, these differences can be harmful to male drivers. Because they are more confident than female drivers, men are more likely than women to drive substantially above the speed limit. For the same reasons, insurance companies tend to charge male drivers more for their insurance, even when all of…...

If any of the above are present, or if family members concur that the deceased was significantly depressed it is important to consider the death for evidence of final exit suicide instead of a homicide.

First Degree Murder

An investigator would rely on one question to determine whether to charge someone with first degree murder or with manslaughter. Did the killer decide to kill, and then act on that decision resulting in the victim's death?

If a person was in a club and someone bumped into him and he angrily hit the man in the head with his beer bottle and the man died, that would be manslaughter, because the man committing the act did not plan to kill anyone when he entered the club that night and he didn't think through the moment he reacted.

A difference scenario would be if the man found out his wife was having an affair. He then…...

hile milder forms of aggressive driving, such as horn-blowing, flashing lights, gesturing and shouting, are nothing new, the more violent forms of aggressive driving are becoming increasingly more frequent, and are generally referred to as 'road rage' (Nutter 2002). Many experts believe that this increase may be due to the frustration caused by rush-hour traffic and congested roads, yet others believe that the anonymity provided by the car is likely to induce more overt expression of aggression (Nutter 2002). For example, one study measured the effects of a stationary car at a green light by drivers of convertibles and four-wheel drive vehicles, and found that horn-honking of drivers of four-wheel-drive vehicles started earlier and lasted longer than drivers of convertibles, thus suggesting that anonymity produces higher levels of overt aggression (Nutter 2002). Many studies have shown that men are more overtly aggressive than women despite similarities in the reporting of…...

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Works Cited

Aggressive Driving. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Retrieved February 12, 2007 at  http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/portal/site/nhtsa/menuitem.67eecd05574f18227983419cdba046a0/;jsessionid=FFRYt00l1rvGRtyXdXudta1O3WkR6TdnGjKxwG05mGoG8eqhZO5g!-1149177452 

Mizell, Louis. (1996 November). Aggressive Driving. AAA Foundation for Traffic

Safety. Retrieved February 13, 2007 at  http://www.aaafoundation.org/resources/index.cfm?button=agdrtext#Aggressive%20Driving 

Nutter, Amanda. (2002 August 01). A comparison of reported levels and expression of anger in everyday and driving situations. British Journal of Psychology. Retrieved February 12, 2007 from HighBeam Research Library.

Urban Studies
ecently in Bridgeport, Connecticut, highway I95 looked like an inferno from Hades. A tractor-trailer carrying 9,000 gallons of fuel oil erupted in a spectacular fireball after striking a car. State police said the automobile apparently forced the tanker truck carrying 12,000 gallons of home heating oil into a concrete barrier on the southbound side. This section of the highway lies in the midst of Fairfield County, an extensive multi-town bedroom of New York City. It handles about 120,000 vehicles per day. Fifteen thousand of these are trucks, about 70% not making local stops. The location can easily be compared to the highway stretch going into Los Angeles. For two days, this direction of the highway was completely closed and commuters either had to take bumper-to-bumper back roads or switch to a commuter train. A number of people did take to the rails. However, as soon as the highway was…...

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References

Connecticut Post. March 27, 2004 article on online paper. "Rail, Buses Offer I95 Alternative." Website visited 31, March 2004.  http://www.connpost.com/Stories/0,1413,96~31478~2045722,00.html 

Connecticut Department of Transportation. "Developing a Baseline Projection for Connecticut's Transportation GHG Transmissions." May 30, 3003. Website visited 31, March 2004. (  -- Baseline_Dev_Memo.pdf).http://www.ccap.org/Connecticut/2003-May-30--CT--Transp 

BOOK AND AUTHOR?). Part 3, Chapter 11 -- Autos and Highways. "Urban Transportation."

I have had friends that I've known since I was in grade school. Our initial interaction occurred because of our attraction toward one another. We had so many things in common, such as the same favorite television shows and the same favorite sports. Our proximity to one another also aided in the development of this attraction toward one another. We all lived on the same block and therefore had more opportunities to interact with one another outside of the school setting.
Although physical attractiveness did not necessarily influence our friendship, according to Myers (2012), it is usually the first step in any sort of relationship, even those that are platonic in nature. The theory of physical attractiveness is based on research conducted that tends to suggest that people who are viewed as being more physically attractive are seen as being more approachable (Myers, 2012). My relationship with my friends can…...

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References:

David, M. (2012). Social psychology. (11 ed.). New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Drive-by Shootings
One community problem that can be addressed through a Community Oriented Policing Service (COPS) program is the tragedy currently plaguing communities throughout the nation: drive-by shootings. This particular criminal incident involves the shooting of a gun from a moving vehicle at a person, building, or other vehicle and while it may not be as common as a shooting involving persons on foot, it almost always involves multiple victims. However detrimental this type of criminal activity is, there has been research conducted into the causes and effects of drive-by shootings and a number of possible strategies have been developed to allow police and community members to deal with it. Using the COPS system, police can respond to the problems involved in drive-by shootings as well as develop effective strategies to reduce the number of incidents.

Drive-by shootings may not be the most dangerous threat to a community, but for those who…...

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References

Dedel, Kelly. (2007). "Drive-By Shootings: Problem-Oriented Guides for Police

Problem-Specific Guides Series No.47." U.S. Department of Justice: Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. Retrieved from  http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/Publications/e02072864.pdf

His final diatribe, regarding Empire does not absolve him, but instead accepts his own guilt in the indorination of feeling toward the desire to grow his empire. "One thought alone preoccupies the submerged mind of Empire: how no tto end, how not to die." (133)This echoes his own thoughts, expressed when he was teetering on the stool waiting to be hanged, he said to himself that he would stand in that place until the flesh fell from his bones, "to live." (125) He divorces the idea of empire openly, with his sacrifice and torture and then remarries the idea that he has reason to feel guilty because he is indoctrinated in the nature of Empire. To him the only real innocence is the children, which he then realizes connects him to his paternal and incestuous love for the barbarian girl, who was the eventual cause of his demise, for…...

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Works Cited

Camus, Albert the Fall. New York: Vintage, 1991.

Coetzee, J.M. Waiting for the Barbarians. New York: Penguin, 1982.

1. The importance of road safety education in preventing accidents
2. The role of government policies in reducing road accidents
3. The impact of distracted driving on road safety
4. The effectiveness of speed limits in preventing accidents
5. The dangers of drunk driving and its consequences
6. The relationship between road design and accident rates
7. The benefits of wearing seatbelts in preventing injuries
8. The psychological factors that contribute to road accidents
9. The role of technology in improving road safety
10. The importance of defensive driving techniques in avoiding accidents.
11. The impact of weather conditions on road safety and the necessary precautions to take during adverse....