Roaring Twenties Essays (Examples)

It is noticeable, however, that despite illustrating the image of 'good life' among American consumers, it seemed that these ads were catered only to white Americans, which are often depicted as belonging to the elite to middle social classes. Further analysis also showed that apart from the under representation of minorities in these ads, white American women were the 'staple' elements contained in an ad. Although some of the ads appropriately use a woman -- that is, usage of a woman to advertise a food product -- there were also instances in some ads, specifically car ads, wherein women seemed to be objectified. Car ads are classic examples of the objectification of women in advertisements, wherein oftentimes, association between the cars advertised and woman depicted are inevitably linked together, creating the impression that a car is a want that needs to be achieved, in the same way that the consumer…

In "Winter Dreams," Dexter's ideal of success is characterized by wealth and social status. The opportunities provided by the new century motivate young men and women of the 1920s to dream of success from early ages. This is also the case of Dexter who, working at a local golf course, envisions himself becoming a golf champion. His dreams of success are fueled by his love for Judy Jones who becomes the embodiment of his "winter dreams" of accessing a glittering world which appears full of possibilities and fulfillment. However, just as underneath Judy Jones's exterior lies a dangerous combination of shallowness and bitterness, the interior of this glamorous world is hollow and devoid of true values and meaning. In this sense, Fitzgerald builds an image of a hollow American Dream, one that is characterized by disappointment, loneliness and profound failure as far as the truly important things in life.

Fitzgerald,…

Set in the Roaring '20s, in the aftermath of the World War I, Fitzgerald's short story looks at the dramatic transformations undergone by contemporary American society. Traditional beliefs that had shaped American society were being replaced with confusion which resulted in the rejection of conventional morality. In the 1920s, Americans embraced a new found freedom expressed through clothing, behavioral patterns, as well as the arts. Fitzgerald called this decade the "Jazz Age," a term which embodied the cultural revolution that defined the decade in question. However, Fitzgerald focuses on how these societal changes affected mentalities by studying the birth and shaping of the American Dream in the 1920s.

In "Winter Dreams," Dexter's ideal of success is characterized by wealth and social status. The opportunities provided by the new century motivate young men and women of the 1920s to dream of success from early ages. This is also the case of Dexter who, working at a local golf course, envisions himself becoming a golf champion. His dreams of success are fueled by his love for Judy Jones who becomes the embodiment of his "winter dreams" of accessing a glittering world which appears full of possibilities and fulfillment. However, just as underneath Judy Jones's exterior lies a dangerous combination of shallowness and bitterness, the interior of this glamorous world is hollow and devoid of true values and meaning. In this sense, Fitzgerald builds an image of a hollow American Dream, one that is characterized by disappointment, loneliness and profound failure as far as the truly important things in life.

Fitzgerald, Scott F., Winter Dreams. Available online at

history of the 1920's, a colorful era of tycoons, gangsters, bohemians and inventors. Areas covered include the arts, news and politics, science and humanities, business and industry, society fads and sports. The bibliography includes fives sources, with five quotations from secondary sources, and footnotes.

The 1920's are commonly referred to as the 'Roaring Twenties', an appropriate title for a decade that did indeed roar out of the Victorian Era. Gone were the corsets and up went the skirt hems as flapper girls bared their legs and speakeasies with bathtub gin dominated the nightlife.

Tycoons became America's royalties while bohemian lifestyles bore the twentieth century's most influential era of art and literature. Inventions brought us into the modern age of convenience and history making events.

The twenties began with a serious but short-lived post-war recession, following World War 1.

Yet, by the mid-twenties, business and industry had created legends that have…

Bryer, Jackson R. Edited. F. Scott Fitzgerald: Novels and Stories 1920-1922.

Library of America. September 2000.

 http://classiclit.about.com/library/weekly/aa100100a.htm . (accessed 02-14-2002).

S. Those who had lived for generations in the U.S. were unsettled and wary as these changes occurred. Immigration soon became a social and political issue among the public, groups began to form based on beliefs held which were similar from group to group, and the prevalence of organizations experienced growth with the KKK being no exception to the rule. The KKK used phrases such as "America for Americans" (Ludwig, nd) Ludwig additionally states: "Anti-Catholic prejudice was alive and even rejuvenated in some quarters in the twentieth century. Protestant "fundamentalists" and other new Christian denominations revived anti-Catholicism as part of an insistence on "original," pre-Rome Christianity. Americans, goaded on by hate groups, feared that Catholics would pay allegiance to their "foreign King" (the Pope) rather than their new country (Pencak, 110). Although there was a strong argument for this, as much of the Italian immigrant population consisted of devout Catholics,…

Bibliography

Bustamante, David (2006) Through the Golden Door: Immigration to the United States. United States Consulate General in Milan, 12 Dec. 2006.

Kasherova, Mina (2003) Ku Klux Klan. September 2003. Online available at  http://www.acs.bg/Tolerance_museum/9_3/museum/Mina/Mina.doc .

Werner, Suzanne (2007) the Effects of the Fear Surrounding the Fall of the Victorian Age. Michigan State University Online available at  http://www.msu.edu/course/mc/112/1920s/Immigration/Suzannespage.html .

Ludwig, J (2007) American Exploits: 1920s Italian Immigrant Discrimination. Michigan State University. Online available at  http://www.msu.edu/course/mc/112/1920s/Immigration/Jamiespage.html

minimum sources... research 1920 sport write ... A thesis, attention catcher, topic sentence?

1920s sport: Swimming

The 1920s was called the 'Roaring 20s' in America. It was accompanied by expanded prosperity for many middle class Americans and the rise of the 'flapper,' the sexually liberated and independent young woman. The rise of the middle class and the larger percentage of Americans with considerable disposable income and leisure time also allowed greater participation in sports. "The 1920s has been called the Golden Age of American Sports. It also has been called the Age of the Spectator" (Summer 2004:1). Thanks to the strength of the U.S. economy, more stadiums for professional and recreational sports were constructed, and radio and newspapers enabled fans to keep abreast of the latest developments of professional teams. "Improvements in roads made it possible for fans to travel to athletic events in distant cities. For the first time,…

Works Cited

Carter, D. Robert. 1920s swimming craze captures Provo's heart. Daily Herald. 16 Jun 2007.

[5 February 2013].

http://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/s-swimming-craze-captures-provo-s-heart/article_ad58eb36-9fad-5bd8-abd0-f70c9cc8f1a8.html

Drowne, Kathleen & Patrick Luber. The 1920s: American popular culture through history.

Turning Points in American History

Two Turning Points and Current Impact on Cultural, Social, Economic and Political Life

Two historical turning points are the Social Security Act and the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The Social Security Act, passed in 1935, was intended to provide a "safety net" for people who could not support themselves (Schultz, 2010, p. 399). This "social welfare" was a significant departure from the federal government's prior tendency to let citizens fend for themselves financially. The strength of the Social Security Act's impact on our history is at least partially proven by the fact that it expanded significantly and endures to this day. The Social Security Act currently influences several facets of American life: society and culture, in that the responsibility of the federal government for the welfare of its citizens is now a commonly accepted idea; economy, in that Social Security is now a…

Works Cited

A&E Television Networks. LLC. (2013). Wyoming grants women the vote. Retrieved from www.history.com Web site:  http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/wyoming-grants-women-the-vote 

Federal Reserve. (2011, August 24). FRB: The Federal Reserve System Purposes and Functions. Retrieved from www.federalreserve.gov Web site:  http://www.federalreserve.gov/pf/pf.htm 

Federal Reserve. (n.d.). History of the Federal Reserve - Federal Reserve Education. Retrieved from www.federalreserveeducation.org Web site:  http://www.federalreserveeducation.org/about-the-fed/history/ 

League of Women Voters. (2011). Our Work | League of Women Voters. Retrieved from www.lwv.org Web site:  http://www.lwv.org/our-work

Flapper Movement

The Effect of the Flappers on Today's Women

The 1920's in the U.S. And UK can be described as a period of great change, both socially and economically. During this period the image of the women completely changed and a "new women" emerged who appears to have impacted social changes occurring in future generations of both men and women. This new symbol of the women was the Flapper. The Flapper was a new type of young woman that was rebellious, fun, bold and outspoken (Zeitz, 2006). This research paper explains the rise and fall of the Flapper in the 1920's, explores its historical and current impact on women in terms of culture, work, gender and social behavior and reflects on its long-term impact of the position of today's women.

Evolution of the Flapper

Flappers, most often characterized as the "New Woman," originally emerged in the 1920s in the…

References

Allen, F.L. (1957). Only yesterday: An informal history of the nineteen-twenties. New York:

Harper and Row.

Baughm J.S. (1996). American decades: 1920-1929. New York: Manly.

Bliven, B. (1925, September 9).FlapperJane. New Republic, pp. 65-67.

They went into a spending frenzy that would carry them though the next decade. They bought houses, started families and settled down to a life of normalcy after a decade of chaos. Illustrations began to return to resemble that of fine are of earlier times.

The Invitation. Ben Stahl. Date unknown magazine photo. Al Parker. Date unknown

ise of the Atomic Age (1950-1960)

The prosperity that came with the end of the war continued into the new decade. Americans attempted to settle into a life or normalcy. There was a significant return to traditional gender roles, as many women were forced back into the household and the men went off to work as usual. Women, now used to providing for themselves represented a new target market. To fill their days they read the "seven sisters" (McCall's, Ladies Home Journal, Cosmopolitan, edbook, Good Housekeeping, Seventeen, and Women's Day). These magazines began…

References

Crow, T. 2006. The Practice of Art History in America. Daedalus. 135, no. 2. Questia Database.

"Jesse Wilcox Smith" 2000.  http://www.bpib.com/illustrat/jwsmith.htm 

Reed, Walter and Reed, Roger. 2008. The History of Illustration. Society of Illustrators. Online.  http://societyillustrators.org/about/history/283.cms 

Murphy, J. 2007. Making Virtual Art Present. Afterimage. 35, no. 2. Questia Database.

era through the great depression_

The economy of the United States was faced with fair share of challenges towards the close of the 19th century that had to be mitigated lets they got out of control. Other than the economic woes, there were also widespread social injustices. There was eminent war between capital and labor. Progressive era was realized in the very last years of the 19th century up to 1917 (Sage, 2010). The progressive era was a dawn of new ideas and progressive reforms. Some of its advantages are enjoyed to date. Some of the major events that characterized the progressive era were the birth of the American oil industry in 1901 and the initiation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People in 1909.

The first American oil was prospected in Texas' Spindletop and this set precedent for evolution of the nation's oil sector. The Texan…

References Bridgen, K. (2012). The war on women: Women's right to vote. Retrieved March 14, 2013 from  http://www.examiner.com/article/the-war-on-women-women-s-right-to-vote .

Commercial Laws. (2012). What is the Hepburn Act 1906? Retrieved March 14, 2013 from  http://commercial.laws.com/hepburn-act .

Grossman, J. (1973). The origin of the U.S. Department of Labor. Retrieved March 14, 2013 from  http://www.dol.gov/oasam/programs/history/dolorigabridge.htm .

NAACP. (2012). National Association for the Advancement of Colored

People Victories. Retrieved from  http://www.naacp.org/pages/our-mission .

political and social climate of the U.. during the 1920s and what brought about the 'roaring '20s."

The apocalyptic environment of World War I with its finale brought about a relief throughout Western Europe and the U..A. And the feeling that the world was about to start anew. This led to excesses of spending, behavior, hedonistic indulgences, and revolutions in sexual conduct, morals, and cultural trends such as music. The economic boom also attributed to the description of this decade as the Roaring 20s.

A series of insignificant and troubled presidents ran the state during this time ranging from Harding to Hoover. Whilst their presidency was unremarkable, the times themselves were not. This was the period of the flappers and jazz with break from traditions and a surge of modern technology. Ford came out with his automobile for he masses. The moving picture (and Charlie Chaplin) made its appearance. Radio…

Sources

Allen, Frederick Lewis. Only Yesterday:An Informal History of the Nineteen-Twenties. Retrieved on12/21/2011

 http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/ALLEN/Cover.html 

Joseph A. Schumpeter, "The Decade of the Twenties," American Economic Review vol. 36, No. 2, (May, 1946)

Kallen, Stuart A. The Roaring Twenties (2001) Greenhaven Press, USA

On the other hand, Nick is genuinely concerned for the human side of his friendships and romantic liaisons. Unlike Gatsby or Tom, Nick seems to truly understand the meaning of universal suffrage and other key gender revolutions taking place during the 1920s. He is deeply disturbed by what he finds in West Egg, in particular what passes for manners. Extramarital affairs, rather than political and economic empowerment for women, are the result of the Roaring Twenties in the Great Gatsby. Nick finds that his love interest Jordan "looked like a good illustration" more than a human being by the time he leaves West Egg.

The tragedies that take place are not simply a result of Gatsby's infamous parties. Rather, the broken relationships and Myrtle's death are symbols of the breakdown of the American Dream. Through the characters of Tom and Gatsby, Fitzgerald critiques the relentless pursuit of wealth and prestige.…

Ethnic, racial and class minorities in the city of New York, as well as middle class and organized crime people enjoyed their fight against Prohibition in an amazing number of locals and nightclubs that summed up to more than thirty thousand. While many restaurant closed down in New York, speakeasies spread across the city. More and more of the middle class and the upper class "embraced the cosmopolitan culture and nightlife that flourished under the restrictions of Prohibition" (Lerner, 2007, p. 3) making this the first bottom-up social reaction in the recent history of the United States.

Prohibition marked the 1920s and 1930s in ways that were not seen by the makers of this law. It had profound effects of issues like work relations and wage policies, xenophobia and living conditions of immigrants, organized crime as well as popular culture. While regulations were set and enforced, a significant number of…

Bibliography

Behr, Edward. Prohibition: thirteen years that changed America. Arcade Publishing, 1996

Burns, Eric. The Spirits of America: a social history of alcohol. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2004

Lerner, Michael. Dry Manhattan. Prohibition in New York City. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2007

Miron, Jeffrey and Jeffrey Zwiebel. Alcohol Consumption During Prohibition. Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1991

My fundamental purpose is to interpret the typical American. I am a story teller (Wikipedia, 2005 at (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Rockwell)." I thanked him for his time and the great contribution he has made to American art.

Finally, Norman Rockwell was very prolific, and produced over 2000 original works, most of which have been either destroyed by fire or are in permanent collections (Wikipedia, 2005 at (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Rockwell).Original magazines in mint condition that contain his work are extremely rare and can command hundreds of dollars today (Wikipedia, 2005 at (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Rockwell).He is called an illustrator instead of an artist by some critics, a designation he did not mind, as it was what he called himself (Wikipedia, 2005 at (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Rockwell).However, Rockwell sometimes produced images considered powerful and moving to anyone's eye. Norman Rockwell's ability to relate America's old values to the events of a rapidly changing world made him a special person, both hero and friend,…

Bibliography

Finch, Christopher. Norman Rockwell: 332 Magazine Covers. Artabras Publishers, 1995.

Croix, Horst, Tansey, Richard & Kirkpatrick, Diane. Art Through the Ages. Harcourt Brace Javanovich Publishers, 1991.

Lucidcafe. "Norman Rockwell American Illustrator and Painter." Lucidcafe. 2005.

Resources Menu. 16 Mar. 2005 http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/96feb/rockwell.html.

"(Fitzgerald, 2) the image of personality, the "self as process" (Bloom, 189), parallels that of reality as process. Gatsby's own character is for its most part invented, dreamed up into reality, according to a plan he had made when he was nineteen. Fitzgerald's novel is thus an extremely subjective vision of the world, in which the author has a very important voice. As in all modernist novels, reality is obliterated by the artistic and scientific constructions. Fitzgerald tells the story of the American Dream, and the blind belief in idealism. As Breitwieser explains, Fitzgerald's intention is to define the modernist tendency of disconnecting from the real and dissolving into the artistic and the relativist view, just like in the jazz piece Nick listens to at Gatsby's party: "terminating expression, dissevering the conduit that makes things really real" (Breitwieser, 370)

orks Cited

Barrett, Laura. "Material without Being Real: Photography and the…

Works Cited

Barrett, Laura. "Material without Being Real: Photography and the End of Reality in 'The Great Gatsby.'"

Studies in the Novel. Vol. 30(4) 1998, p. 540-555.

Breitwieser, Mitchell. "Jazz Fractures: F. Scott Fitzgerald and Epochal Representation." American Literary History. 3 (2000): 359-81

Bloom, Harold, ed. Gatsby. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1991.

Economic crash can be viewed from a number of perspectives ranging from causes and effects to the 2008 Crash's resemblance to the Crash of 1929, which began the Great Depression. This paper will consider the 2008 recession from the standpoint of the financial banking industry, which, according to economic journalists like Matt Taibbi (2010), played a major and significant role in the crumbling of the nation's economy -- just like it did in the Lawless Decade also known as the oaring Twenties.

Big Banking Meets Big Government

What has now become known as the Era of De-egulation actually had its beginnings in the 80s decade known just as much for its rampant excess as the early 20s were known for their unbridled lawlessness. Yet, while the latter enjoyed the snubs-to-the-law bootlegging speakeasies, the former enjoyed the merging of the financial sector with the political -- which began during eagan's tenure…

Reference List

AP/HuffPost. (2011). Charles Ferguson's Oscar Speech Rips Wall Street: 'Inside Job'

Director Levels Criticism During Acceptance. HuffPost Business. Retrieved from  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/28/charles-ferguson-oscar-speech-inside-job_n_828963.html 

Sann, P. (n.d.). The Lawless Decade: A Pictorial History of the Roaring Twenties.

Retrieved from  http://lawlessdecade.net/

Schulman illustrates this by reference to ob Dylan's lyrics, whose images (such as Isis) evoke the spiritual quests of the New Age mysticism and whose outlaw heroes voice an angry suspicion again established institutional authority (Schulman, 147). The same hostility to mainstream values was repeated in iconoclastic directors such as Cassavetes and Scorsese. One sees as well that the 1970s critiques of religion were not based on evolutionary science as in Dumenil's portrait. They were grounded in psychology. Nor does Schulman describe a mass secularization to the extent it happened in the 1920s. Rather, there seemed to be a return to and reinvigoration of religion in the 1970s.

The 1970s had another element not present in the 1920s. The New Age movement presented a new image of maleness. It sought to explore masculinity perhaps in a way that the 1920s explored femininity. Men's groups, forums, and retreats spread. Robert ly…

Bibliography

Dumenil, Lynn. The Modern Temper: American Culture and Society in the 1920s. New York: Hill and Wang, 1995.

Schulman, Bruce J. The Seventies: The Great Shift in American Culture, Society, and Politics. New York: The Free Press, 2001.

Fitzgerald wrote his novel during the Roaring 1920s, but his book seems uniquely relevant to our own times. The Roaring 1920s was coming to a rapid slow-down of material prosperity, and questions of who was a 'real' American arose as social mobility had introduced individuals of new races and ethnicities into higher American society. Fitzgerald suggests that it is important to question what lies beneath the veneer of American society and good breeding. He demanded his readers also carefully examine the assumption we can all pull ourselves up by our own bootstraps, and whether the material goals we strive for will really bring fulfillment at all.

orks Cited

Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Hayes Barton Press, 2007.

Mellard, James. "Counterpoint as Technique in "The Great Gatsby." The English Journal.

55. 7. (Oct., 1966): 853-859.

Millet, Frederick. "The Great Gatsby: Analysis." Michigan State University. 2004.

October 12, 2008.…

Works Cited

Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Hayes Barton Press, 2007.

Mellard, James. "Counterpoint as Technique in "The Great Gatsby." The English Journal.

55. 7. (Oct., 1966): 853-859.

Millet, Frederick. "The Great Gatsby: Analysis." Michigan State University. 2004.

.." The Federal Reserve continues to keep a watch on both "current and potential exposures..." And are in the process of a review of the collateral valuation methods of the banking industry." (Kohn, 2008)

Kohn states that disruptions in liquidity in some financial markets have resulted in banking organizations facing challenges and specifically at present "significant liquidity demands can emanate from both the asset and liability of the bank's balance sheet." (Kohn, 2008) Kohn relates that when liquidity is reduced in the markets specifically for "certain structured credit products the creation of challenges and concerns relating to valuating spreads into other sectors and "illiquidity in some credit markets may make it difficult for some market participants, including banking organizations, to hedge positions effectively." (Kohn, 2008) Kohn states that the banking industry in the U.S. is up against some very serious challenges however, the Federal Reserve in cooperation with banking agencies…

Bibliography

Berger, Allen N.; and Bouwman, Christa H.S. (2007) Bank Liquidity Creation. 15 Jan 2007

Brown, Ellen (2008) April Fools: The Fox to Guard the Banking Henhouse 30 Mar 2008. Online 'The Web of Debt' available online at  http://www.webofdebt.com/articles/banking-henhouse.php 

Buiter, Willem (2008) Lessons from Northern Rock: Banking and Shadow Banking. VOX. 4 March 2008. Online available at  http://www.voxeu.org/index.php?q=node/960 

Estrella, Arturo (2002) Securitization and the Efficacy of Monetary Policy. Economic Policy Review. Vol. 8 No.1 Federal Reserve Board Bank of New York. Online available at  http://www.newyorkfed.org/research/epr/02v08n1/0205estr/0205estr.html#chart1

Today, the Americans fight different insurgent factions, who have limited weaponry, no air force, and no real large scale fighting tactics. Instead, they create havoc with roadside bombs and suicide bombers. Vietnam was fought on the scale of a world war, while Iraq is being fought on a much smaller scale. In addition, there was a draft in place during Vietnam, and no draft in place today, so our forces are stretched much thinner in Iraq and at home.

In contrast, many experts believe there are similarities between the two wars, but there are far more differences that keep the two wars very far apart in perspective. For example, there is no real Communist influence in Iraq; rather the country suffers from domestic unrest and insurgency, rather than large-scale intervention from other countries (except perhaps Iran). Thus, Americans are not fighting a "cold" war but rather a war supposedly based…

References

Kagan, Frederick W. "Iraq Is Not Vietnam." Policy Review (2005): 3+.

Letters from Iwo Jima. Dir. Clint Eastwood. Perf. Ken Watanabe, Kazunari Ninomiya, Tsuyoshi Ihara, and Ryo Kase. Warner Brothers, 2006.

Lopez, George a. "A Quagmire? Vietnam, Iraq & Other Analogies." Commonweal 16 Jan. 2004: 11+.

May, Elaine Tyler. Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era. Revised ed. New York: Basic Books, 1999.

Similarly, FD initiated the Securities and Exchange Commission. FD served four terms and would be the last president to serve more than two terms in office.

The New Deal was built upon oosevelt's belief in the power of the federal government to alleviate the financial woes of the nation. Although unpopular to some, many of the New Deal programs proved to be promising in both the short- and the long-term. Opponents of the New Deal generally disagree with the theory of big government; the New Deal epitomizes big government but in the wake of the Depression only such broad programs could have taken root and alleviated the suffering of so many Americans. The New Deal definitely contributed to the American economy's revival but the Second World War would help, too.

One of the reasons for the Great Depression, according to oosevelt and his supporters, was the proliferation of big business,…

References

Great Depression." Wikipedia. Retrieved Aug 4, 2006 at  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression 

New Deal." Wikipedia. Retrieved Aug 4, 2006 at  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Deal

ehavioral Finance and Human Interaction a Study of the Decision-Making

Processes Impacting Financial Markets

Understanding the Stock Market

Contrasting Financial Theories

Flaws of the Efficient Market Hypothesis

Financial ubbles and Chaos

The stock market's dominant theory, the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) has been greatly criticized recently for its failure to account for human errors, heuristic bias, use of misinformation, psychological tendencies, in determining future expected performance and obtainable profits.

Existing evidence indicates that past confidence in the EMH may have been misdirected, as the theory's models do not show a thorough understanding of trading operations in a realistic light.

Researchers have suggested that a variety of anomalies and inconsistent historical results demand that traditional financial theories, namely the EMH, be reconstructed to include human interaction as a key decision-making process that directly affects the performance of financial markets.

This research paper aims to determine whether or not there is a…

Bibliography

Barrett, Larry. (January, 2001). Emotional investing a recipe for disaster. CNET News.com.

Bernstein, Peter. (1998). Against the Gods: The Remarkable Story of Risk. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.

Brennan, Phil. (March 12, 2002) The Great Stock Market Scam. NewsMax.com.

Business Week. (September 29, 1997) The Perils of Investing Too Close to Home.

Charlie Parker

Music:

The music of United States changed significantly during the twentieth century, and each generation went on to develop its own music. These were all immensely popular, had strong rhythmic touch and were very different from the earlier forms which existed. These were used for dancing or just for the purpose of listening. When the twentieth century started it was the time for a variety called Ragtime. After the end of the First World War, Jazz had its origin and it influenced all other forms till it was affected by the stock market crash in 1929. This period was called the roaring twenties. Then it was time for a new form to emerge and this was in the music of the ig ands and led at different stages by Duke Ellington, Fletcher Henderson, Jimmie Lunceford, Glen Gray and Chick Webb in the beginning. They were then followed by…

Bibliography

Weinstock, Len. "The Big Band Era, Or How America Came Out Of the Great Depression and Went On To Win World War II, 1991" Retrieved at http://www.redhotjazz.com/bigbandessay.html. Accessed on 03/08/2004

Azinhais, Joao "The King of Jazz" Retrieved at http://www.redhotjazz.com/whitemanarticle.html. Accessed on 03/08/2004

Weinstock, Len. "The origins of Jazz" Retrieved at http://www.redhotjazz.com/originsarticle.html. Accessed on 03/08/2004

Slave Songs of the United States" A. Simpson & Co. Retrieved at  http://docsouth.unc.edu/church/allen/allen.html . Accessed on 03/08/2004

The Jazz Age and Gatsby
F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby is the great novel of the Lawless Decade—the Roaring Twenties or the Jazz Age, as it was otherwise known. It was a time of easy credit and flowing cash. It was a time of Prohibition, when alcohol had been outlawed and people looking for a good time had to go underground to the speakeasies, where they drank their liquor in hiding. To be human meant to be a criminal, and thus everyone who wanted to have a drink became a scofflaw. The 1920s was the decade of the scofflaw, the decade of excess and the decade of the nouveau riche—the ones who, like Jay Gatsby, made their millions from bootlegging or from the stock market or from both. Nothing captured the essence of the post-war 1920s like jazz, which was a new kind of music in America—a music that…

To Gatsby, this was the biggest failure and he was not willing to accept defeat. Though he finally realizes that Daisy's enticing voice-that "low, thrilling" siren's voice with its "singing compulsion" (p.14) that "couldn't be over dreamed" (p. 101) was actually nothing "full of money." (p. 127). The dreams of his future were the dreams that sustained Gatsby. "For a while these reveries provided an outlet for his imagination; they were a satisfactory hint of the unreality of reality, a promise that the rock of the world was founded securely on a fairy's wing." (P. 105)

The story is simple to read and follow. But underlying themes are more important than the obvious plot. The story reveals the tension of social class and capitalism that had started with the accumulation of wealth by industrialists in 1920s America. This was a massive time of dramatic changes for the United States and…

Works Cited

Fahey, William a.F. Scott Fitzgerald and the American Dream. Toronto: Fitzhenry & Whiteside Limited, 1973.

Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. Ed. Matthew J. Bruccoli. Toronto: Simon & Schuster Inc., 1995.

Michel Foucault, "What is Enlightenment?," in the Foucault Reader, ed. Paul Rabinow (New York: Pantheon Books, 1984), pp. 32-50.

e learn that our way of life can change practically overnight. e learn that suffering on a massive scale can happen from just a few high-level missteps. But perhaps most importantly, we learn that the American spirit has an amazing capacity for resourcefulness and resilience -- a lesson that might comfort us in our own times of worry.

orks Cited

"Always Lending a Helping Hand: Sevier County Remembers the Great Depression." New Deal Network. eb. Retrieved 19 Sept 2011 from http://newdeal.feri.org/sevier/index.htm

Downing, David. The Great Depression. Chicago: Reed Educational Publishing, 2001.

Horowitz, Irving Lewis. "A Child's View of the Great Depression." Antioch Review. Fall 2009, Vol. 67, Issue 4. p 678-681.

McNeese, Tim. The Great Depression, 1929-1938. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2010.

Schultz, Stanley. The Great Depression: A Primary Source History. New York: Gareth Stevens, 2005.

Annotated Bibliography

"Always Lending a Helping Hand: Sevier County Remembers the Great Depression." New…

Works Cited

"Always Lending a Helping Hand: Sevier County Remembers the Great Depression." New Deal Network. Web. Retrieved 19 Sept 2011 from http://newdeal.feri.org/sevier/index.htm

Downing, David. The Great Depression. Chicago: Reed Educational Publishing, 2001.

Horowitz, Irving Lewis. "A Child's View of the Great Depression." Antioch Review. Fall 2009, Vol. 67, Issue 4. p 678-681.

McNeese, Tim. The Great Depression, 1929-1938. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2010.

New Era is a time in American history the occurred from 1921-1933. It began with the prosperous roaring twenties fueled by Taylorism and pro-business politics, but came crashing down with the Great Depression in 1929, a devastating decline in industrial production and productivity. Most believe that the Great Depression was a direct result of the economic and political activities earlier in the 1920s.

In the 1920s, one of the most important drivers of growth was the implementation by American businesses of a new scientific management principle known as Taylorism (Schulz and Tishler). Taylorism or standardized mass production, was characterized for by formulas for pushing efficiencies in labor, streamlining of tasks and increase in production. ecause Taylorism increased worker productivity, worked earned higher wages which they spent on consumption. A new method of credit known as the installment plan emerged, encouraging Americans to build up debt to buy consumer goods. y…

Bibliography

Schultz, S.k> and Tishler, W.P. American history 102. Retrieved July 23, 2005 from Web site: http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/lectures/lecture15.html

The Coolidge presidency. Retrieved July 23, 2005 from Web site:  http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/coolhtml/ccpres02.html 

The New Era: 1921-1933. Retrieved July 23, 2005 from Web site: http://edweb.tusd.k12.az.us/uhs/APUSH/2nd%20Sem/Garraty%20Short%20History%20Chapters%2019-30/chapter_24.htm

The prosperity of the Coolidge era. Retrieved July 23, 2005 from Web site:  http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/coolhtml/ccpres01.html

American Way of War

The history of the American Way of War is a transitional one, as Weigley shows in his landmark work of the same name. The strategy of war went from, under Washington, a small scale, elude and survive set of tactics practiced by what seem today to be relatively "quaint" militias, to -- in the 20th century -- a full-scale operation known as "total war." True, "total war" was not a concept invented by the Americans in the 20th century. The North eventually practiced "total war" against the Confederates when Sherman's campaign left utter destruction of civilian territory in its wake. The ancient Romans practiced it when, under the direction of Cato, they destroyed Carthage because its mere existence, they felt, posed a threat to their prosperity. In the 20th century, however, "total war" received an enormous boost of technical support when the inventors of the atom…

Bibliography

Butler, Smedley. War is a Racket. LA: Feral House, 2003.

Chollet, Derek and James Goldgeier. America Between the Wars. NY: Public Affairs,

2009.

Debs, Eugene. "Anti-War Speech," 16 June 1918. Web.

Industrialization

When Industrialization (1865-1920) came to the United States after the Civil War (1861-1865), it brought positive and negative impacts on the social, political, and economic aspects of the American life and society.

One negative social impact was that men like Andrew Carnegie, James Fisk, John D. ockefeller, Edward Harriman, and J.P. Morgan developed crushing monopolies in manufacturing, transportation and finance that would impact every other aspect of life in America from the 18th century onward (Griffin, 2010; McNeese, 2009).

Carnegie, for example, revolutionized the means of production regarding the steel mills and set up the U.S. as a major manufacturer of steel-based products. This serviced the military, the transportation industry (cars, railroads), the telecommunications industry (wires, cables), and the construction industry (the high rises of major cities). Without Carnegie's influence in the Industrial evolution, none of this could have come into being. Carnegie himself relied on the wealth and…

References

Griffin, G. E. (2010). The Creature from Jekyll Island. CA: American Media.

McNeese, T. (2009). The Robber Barons and the Sherman Antitrust Act. NY: Chelsea

House.

Mullins, E. (1983). Secrets of the Federal Reserve. VA: Bankers Research Institute.

Also, unlike the other website, this location had some distractions on the page. There were a lot of pop up ads that were annoying and had nothing to do with the subject of depression. The advertisement on this site was too excessive and I think that it got in the way of my searching. As I mentioned earlier, since this is a cliff note sight, it has tons of information unlike the previous website that I went to earlier. The information on the depression was broken down into sections unlike the other web page. For example, on this site there was The Politics of Conservatism: 1920 -- 1928 that the researcher could click on if they wanted to go in depth and find out the political setting during the time of The Great Depression. The Roaring Twenties and the Jazz Age: 1920 -- 1929 was another section that a person…

Twentieth Century

The Gilded Age witnessed industrial progress and accumulated wealth that boosted the growth of the middle class, yet at the same time there was the spread of "appalling" conditions in the slum areas of the cities, the farmers were in desperate times, and factory workers and others were trampled upon by the wheels of progress (Progressive pp). The "war between capital and labor" demonstrated that Americans were willing to fight for their economic rights, and many historians believe that if the conditions of the working poor had not been addresses, the country very likely would have been thrown into another revolution (Progressive pp). Yet, a revolution did actually take place, just not on the battlefield (Progressive pp). It was called the Progressive Movement, and as a basic conservative movement, it was not meant to cause as stir, but to address the problems of society and find solutions in…

Work Cited

The Age of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1933-1945. Retrieved October 17, 2005 from:

 http://www.eduref.org/Virtual/Lessons/crossroads/sec2/essay10.html 

Boom or Bust. Retrieved October 17, 2005 from:

 http://www.eduref.org/Virtual/Lessons/crossroads/sec2/essay09.html

Bernice

Consistency in the ay Bernice Bobs Her Hair: A Comparison of Joan Silver's Film and Fitzgerald's Original Short Story

Scott Fitzgerald's depiction of the Roaring Twenties has long been lauded as a richly detailed and highly picture of the spirit and the aesthetics of the time, with the frivolity, depravity, and humanity of the period practically leaping off of the pages he scribed. His short story "Bernice Bobs Her Hair" is no exception to this general assessment of his works, showing the attitudes, the superficiality, and the underlying emotional and social conflicts that bubble just beneath the surface of the young and moneyed in 1920s America. Joan Silver's 1976 film adaptation of the story, which remains highly faithful to Fitzgerald's text, manages to capture this spirit quite directly and completely, and from beginning to end creates both an homage to Fitzgerald and a real recognition of the characters and…

Works Cited

Fitzgerald, F. Scott. "Bernice Bobs Her Hair." 1922. Accessed 27 April 2012.  http://www.sc.edu/fitzgerald/bernice/bernice.html 

Silver, Joan Micklin. Bernice Bobs Her Hair. Monterey Media, 1976.

Topics


The theme of unrequited love in The Great Gatsby
Discuss the fallibility of youth in The Great Gatsby
Discuss the primacy of socioeconomic status as it manifests in The Great Gatsby: which characters confront it with the most grace? Which with the least?
If Daisy and Jay had been members of the same socioeconomic class would they have ended up together? Why or why not? Provide textual evidence.
Nick Carraway goes to great lengths to show and tell the reader that he is a reliable narrator: discuss three concretes way he does this and how successful they are.
How does the period and place of the novel add to the sense of youth, love, promise or despair?
How does the death of Myrtle Wilson highlight a sense of something rotten underscoring the 1920s? Discuss using the novel and the historical period.
What role does Jordan Baker serve in the…

By the early thirties the autogiro had a relatively stable control system that used the rotating blades for control of vertical flight at very low speeds

. By the end of the decade, World War II was under way and the United States Military released a request for bids from aircraft manufacturers to design and build a helicopter. Contracts were given to Sikorsky Aircraft in Bridgeport and Platt-LePage in the Philadelphia, and from this the American helicopters were developed.

. American Helicopters

There are four general helicopter designs which have been developed and produced in the United States: the most common being the tail rotor design, more popularly known as the single rotor design, which has one main rotor and a small tail rotor. Other rotor designs produced in America include the tandem rotor design, the syncropter design and the coaxial design

. The single main rotor and a small…

Voracek, D.; Reaves, M.C.; Horta L.G.; Potter, S. (2002).Ground and Flight Test Structural

Excitation Using Piezoelectric Actuators. NASA Flight Research Center.

Banke, S. (2009). Future Helicopters Get SMART. Retrieved from  http://www.nasa.gov/topics/aeronautics/features/smart_rotor.html .

They don't want to fight people; they want to do business with them" (Dos Passos 21). However, he soon learns about America, specifically what it means to be poor in America. He tells Emile and Marco, "It's the same all over the world, the police beating us up, rich people cheating us out of their starvation wages, and who's fault?" (Dos Passos 37). Out of all the book's characters, it seems as if Congo has the least drive and ambition, and yet he is one of few that gain the most in the novel, strictly by his own hard work and determination.

He seems to become more embittered about being poor as the book progresses, in fact, he says he wants to be an American citizen but will refuse to fight in the war because it is just a way to stop revolution of the working man around the world…

References

Dos Passos, John. Manhattan Transfer. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1925.

Fitzgerald wrote his novel during an era which clearly indicated that living in an unreasonable manner, making all sorts of abuses and excesses, recklessly without any kind of consideration has serious and in the same time damaging effects upon people's lives. Immediately after the First World War, the social and political climate reached an energetic climax during the roaring twenties. With a new focus on individualism and the pursuit of all sorts of pleasures and excitements, this period was filled with adventures that had serious negative consequences. The excess of pleasure and drinking which were the main causes that triggered the inevitable destruction of the characters in "Tender Is the Night" reflects Fitzgerald's sensitivity to the excesses of the Jazz Age prior to the Great Depression.

It could be said that in life we experience the phenomenon of rise and fall and that between the two of them there is…

Bibliography

The Odyssey" by Homer, translated by Samuel Butler

 http://classics.mit.edu/Homer/odyssey.html 

Robin Mitchell-Boyask, Temple University - "Study Guide for Homer's Odyssey" (updated 31 January 2002)

 http://www.temple.edu/classics/odysseyho.html

succeeding presidencies of Herbert Hoover and Franklin Delano Roosevelt seem to be categorically and diametrically antithetical from every conceivable angle. Entering the office in 1929, Herbert Hoover's administration marked the end of America's most prosperous period to date. Within nine months of his assumption of office, the country began its tumble into the Great Depression. Clearly, the nation was paying for the good times of the Roaring Twenties. Roosevelt, however, took on the unenviable responsibilities of the president in 1933, and with them, he received a nation ravaged by unemployment, homelessness and starvation. During the worst economic times in recorded American history, he would become the warm, fatherly figure ordained to comfort the citizens. Where Hoover was reserved and conservative, Roosevelt was engaging and progressive. Hoover's reaction to the initial blow of the Depression was one of patience and calculated inaction. He was confident that the problem would right itself.…

1

QUESTION 2: In rebutting the word of the hitorian in Quetion 1, an equally perceptive cholar argued, "The mot damning force in America, 1900-1940, wa the rie of buine. Corporation produced little but hardhip and depair, and gave u nothing. Indeed, thi period wa marked by the rie of large corporation, but it wa the growth of the large corporation intead that doomed American ociety and detroyed democracy."

In the year prior to Theodore Rooevelt' preidency, two of the greatet ocial/political problem facing America were baed on the continuing warfare between the poor and wealthy clae and the expanion of "Manifet Detiny" in foreign land. Dometically, the country wa burdened by a financial panic in the 1890' which complicated the live of the urban poor and made the wealthy even more properou. In the citie, people demanded democratic change in many area, uch a the twelve hour work day,…

statement which virtually guaranteed that American capitalism, supported by the huge corporations, would endure well into the twentieth century.
With the demise of the Wilson Administration and the opening years of the Coolidge Presidency, America experienced tremendous growth in what has been called the "roaring twenties." Yet during this time, not all Americans were given an equal share in the prosperity. In 1929, the richest Americans controlled the vast majority of savings, while the remainder had no savings at all. A prime example of this disparity was the automobile mogul Henry Ford, who earned $14 million as compared to the average income of $7500 a year. As usual, the major reason for this disparity was due to the increased manufacturing output of the big corporations which saw immense gains in their profit margins while those of the common working man increased nominally. One other factor was the Revenue Act of 1926 which favored big business and the wealthy by reducing the federal income tax and inheritance taxes.
But the major event, beginning in 1929, which financially catapulted American corporations and the wealthy was the Great Depression, the worst economic catastrophe in U.S. history that affected every American citizen. Although many factors contributed to the Depression, the main cause centered around the unequal distribution of wealth and the speculations in the stock market. Once again, American corporations came out on top, due to the disparities between the rich and the middle classes. The stock market crash, a result of excessive stock speculations in the late 1920's, created a very unstable economy yet at the same time helped to foster the growing monopolies in American industries.
4
The Great Depression continued well into the 1930's, but with the election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1931, the economy began to turn upwards and the working man, for the first time in more than half a century, experienced some financial gains. Roosevelt's "New Deal," designed to stabilize the economy and create a more equal society, included among others the Agricultural Adjustment Act and the Wagner National Labor Relations Act. In essence, Roosevelt's "New Deal" took power away from the wealthy business owners and gave more power to the growing labor unions which represented the working man. Yet with the onset of World War II in 1941, American corporations found themselves in another advantageous position which increased their power and wealth and helped to form the current system of corporate "Manifest Destiny" in American society.

African-Americans: Harlem Renaissance and the Black Power Movement

History does show that America has been a nation that has been seeing itself do some changes that have been happening over and over again. Also, America is recognized as being the home of the free and the brave. However, this nation that is considered to be beautiful has not at all times been this way. America has had to gone through a lot of ups and many downs to become the beauty that many look at today. Racial discrimination had a very strong part in American society. Although today, there are still racial dissimilarities. These racial dissimilarities are not as bad as they were in the back in the days of slavery and afterwards. Two of the main explanations that positive steps have been made in the direction of removing racial disparity is the Harlem Renaissance and the Black Power Movement.…

Countee Cullen was another individual who played a part in the Harlem Renaissance. His works attracted critical attention at New York University. COLOR which was his first collection of poems, (1925), was printed before he completed school. Countee was recognized as being a part of the fresh generation of new authors that came out in the renaissance. Countee in 1927, printed two more books of verse - The Ballad of the Brown Girl and Copper Sun - and revised a collection of Negro poetry called Caroling Dusk. By 1928, he was the receiver of the Guggenheim comradeship and made the decision to do some work in Paris. In Paris, Cullen found a way to live for two years and went through fairly any racial discrimination there (Lewis, 2011).

During the era of the renaissance men were not the only active writers but women played a huge part as well. For instance, Zora Neale Hurston was a female that was known for being flamboyant and a colorful figure that brought in a lot of disagreement whenever and wherever she came on the scene. Hurston was a significant African-American woman author of the Harlem Renaissance. Also, she received the most acknowledgement for achievements and was the most productive of the women in the Renaissance era. Different the other authors of the Renaissance, Hurston was not really considered to be a writer by training. Moderately, she was an anthropologist and was trained to observe. This training is what makes her literary contributions so unique. Hurston developed skills in careful observation, recording such observations and presenting them intact to a reading audience. In this sense, she was more than just another writer. She was a folklorist as well. In this was her strength.

There were many achievements during the "roaring twenties" by African-Americans. They excelled in all forms of art during the time known as the Harlem Renaissance. Without this period of time, our modern day arts could have been quite different.

He encourages people to come aboard a train being engineered in "weirdo abandon" by musicians who "dramatized a sense of what it is to be American" (1987, p. 10). Christgau, another writer who sees the correlation between this music and the greater society in which it occurred, adds: "rock criticism embraced a dream or metaphor of perpetual revolution. . . . Worthwhile bands were supposed to change people's lives, preferably for the better. If they failed to do so, that meant they didn't matter." (2003, p. 140)

ock and roll is recognized much more than by its musical and stylistic differences. It is also utilized in many different ways by its followers. Grossberg (1983) analyzes the way that rock and roll functions in societal transformations. He notices that although rock and roll has a variety of different local effects, it appears to also have a unified historical identity. He says…

References

Cohen, S. (1993) Ethnography and popular music studies. Popular Music. 12(2), 123-138

Christgau, G. (2003) a History of Rock Criticism, in National Arts Journalism Program: Reporting the Arts II: News Coverage of Arts and Culture in America, Andras Szanto, Daniel S. Levy, and Andrew Tyndall (Eds) New York: NAJP at Columbia University, 140.

Finnegan, R. (1989). The Hidden Musicians: Music-Making in an English Town Cambridge: Cambridge University

Greil, M. Mystery Train: Images of America in Rock 'n Roll Music (1975) New York: Penguin Group

His life had been confused and distorted since then, but if he could once return to a certain starting place and go over it all slowly, he could find out what one thing was..." (Fitzgerald 117).

He took notice to the love of her new luxurious socialite lifestyle. He decided to truly embody the life he had created to appease Daisy.

However, Gatsby failed to see the darker side of his young love. Below the beauty and grace was a spoiled and shallow brat who used her money as a shield to avoid truly living in the real world. She proves her true character in the most dire of circumstances. Her betrayal of Gatsby when he needed her most revealed the falsehood of her character, essentially showing him that he had lived his life trying to obtain something which did not exist, "That was it. I'd never understood before. It…

Works Cited

Bibliography)

Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. Simon & Schuster New York. 1995.

This is how the rest of the Bibliography should be cited. Last name of Author, than first. Name of work. Publisher. Location. And finally date.

prices of real estate are on their way up and thus it would be a prudent investment for a person. The reasons for this are a continuous hike in prices, and there are clearly two main reasons for the increase in prices -- the decrease in interest rates that have occurred in spite of steps by the government to the contrary and the speculative activity that is taking place in real estate. It would be noticed that people are moving out of the decisions of the government regarding interest rates, and interest rates are likely to remain low for some time which would make an investment in real estate a prudent investment. egarding the speculative part of the investment, it is likely that even in spite of the increase in prices, the returns from real estate is still low as compared to other investments and the yield is likely to…

References

Deane, Daniela. (April 17, 2005) "In Real Estate Fever, More Signs of Sickness" Washington

Post. P: A01. Retrieved from  http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A59515-2005Apr16.html  Accessed on 7 July, 2005

Greenspan, Alan. (June 9, 2005) "Testimony of Chairman Alan Greenspan before the Joint

Economic Committee, U.S. Congress" Retrieved from  http://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/testimony/2005/200506092/default.htm  Accessed on 7 July, 2005

These programs were really pushed between 1933 and 1936, with the goals of relief (job programs) reform (stimulating business and providing structure for banking), and to ensure that the events that caused the crash would never happen again (speculation, lack of confidence in American currency, farm and urban policy, and unemployment).

DR had to first focus on something that would provide the quickest recovery for the most people. His administration pushed through a number of banking reform laws that were designed to prevent another crash, to find emergency money for the poor and unemployed who had nowhere else to turn, and to establish work programs so that the able bodied could work, help their family, and recover self-esteem. DR also worked to repeal the Gold Standard so that the new economy would be based on more practical measures, and to repeal Prohibition. Relief was provided, then, in the so-called "alphabet…

FDR had to first focus on something that would provide the quickest recovery for the most people. His administration pushed through a number of banking reform laws that were designed to prevent another crash, to find emergency money for the poor and unemployed who had nowhere else to turn, and to establish work programs so that the able bodied could work, help their family, and recover self-esteem. FDR also worked to repeal the Gold Standard so that the new economy would be based on more practical measures, and to repeal Prohibition. Relief was provided, then, in the so-called "alphabet programs, " which guided government dollars towards finding jobs and work for the unemployed, to establish social security, and money designed to help stimulate farming and agriculture and use a trickledown effect to stimulate the economy by providing more dollars for consumer and business spending. The 1934 Securities and Exchange Act also acted to reform the stock market, which in turn, spun other reforms in trade, business practices, and labor acts.

Recovery did happen in two stages. First, Roosevelt appealed directly to the people in his famous "Fireside Chat Program" the first time a sitting President regularly appealed to the populace. Second, although he ran up a large government debt, by establishing relief and reform programs that would diminish unemployment, increase farming and industrial output, and change the attitude of Americans about themselves and the world. Clearly, the situation had improved, and by the end of the 1930s, America was again on the way to recovery and, as would be a repeat of the events prior to World War I, crucial to the European situation from 1939 on.

Common Phrases

Joan Saab book: For Millions American Art Culture Between War

Joan Saab's book, For the Millions: American Art and Culture Between the Wars, captures and elucidates a vital component of American history, and that in regards to its visual art in particular. This manuscript chronicles a crucial shifting in the regard, usage, and conception of art in the early part of the 20th century between World Wars I and II. This historical epoch was crucial to the fostering of contemporary America and its art for a number of factors. The country was celebrating its victory in the Great War before it knelt to the pressure of the Great Depression, which was only alleviated by one of the most devastating martial encounters in the history of the man, the Second World War. This tumultuous time played a highly important part in the creation and usage of visual art, which was able…

References

Saab, A.J. For the Millions: American Art and Culture Between the Wars. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Pubic Administration?

What is Public Administration?

Marc Holzer -- in the good company of thousands of colleagues in public administration and business -- embraced the box. The box serves to as a frame to our thinking, acts as scaffolding to our decision-making, and serves our innate tendency as human beings to create meaningful patterns from our experience. And how better to improve on the box, than to further divide it into four boxes -- each of which represents the tensions we experience regarding whatever we have put into the box. The box is familiar as it serves many disciplines. Economists may love the box more than any other group, save management consultants. That said, quadrants are a useful heuristic, and I utilize that attribute here in my version as applied to public administration and the management of non-profits.

The Quadrants

The four quadrants I describe are, on the vertical axis,…

References

Buckingham, M. And Coffman, C. (1999). First, Break All the Rules. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.

Follett, M.P. (1996). The giving of orders. In Shafritz, J.M. & Ott, J.S. (Eds.). Classics of organization theory (pp.156-162). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.

Gulick, Luther. 1937. Notes on the Theory of Organization. In Papers on the Science of Administration, edited by Luther Gulick and Lydal Urwick. New York. Institute of Public

Administration, Columbia University.

omen to History

omen have contributed to the history of the world from the beginning of time. Their stories are found in legends, myths, and history books. Queens, martyrs, saints, and female warriors, usually referred to as Amazon omen, writers, artists, and political and social heroes dot our human history. By 1865, women moved into the public arena, as moral reform became the business of women, as they fought for immigrant settlement housing, fought and struggled for the right to earn living wages, and stood up to the threats of the lynch mobs. The years beginning in 1865 is known as the Civil ar era and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. It was a time of great changes, especially for African-American women such as Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth. omen of all races had to fight for equal rights, even the right to vote (http://women.eb.com/women/nineteenth09.html).omenhave indeed 'come a long…

Works Cited

Women in American History. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. http://women.eb.com/women/nineteenth09.html. http://women.eb.com/women/crossroads05.html. http://women.eb.com/women/crossroads12.html. http://women.eb.com/women/modernamerica06.html. http://women.eb.com/women/modernamerica02.html.

A accessed 07-04-2002).

Bryson, Donna. "MOTHER TERESA LED LIFE OF HARD WORK AND LOVE DIMINUTIVE NUN NEVER WAVERED FROM HER SELF-IMPOSED MISSION TO BRING COMFORT TO THE WORLD." Denver Rocky Mountain News. September 14, 1997, pp 3A. http://ask.elibrary.com/getdoc.asp?pubname=Denver_Rocky_Mountain_News&puburl=http~C~~S~~S~InsideDenver.com~S~&querydocid=:bigchalk:U.S.;Lib&dtype=0~0&dinst=0&author=Donna+Bryson&title=MOTHER+TERESA+LED+LIFE+OF+HARD+WORK+AND+LOVE+DIMINUTIVE+NUN+NEVER+WAVERED+FROM+HER+SELF%2DIMPOSED+MISSION+TO+BRING+COMFORT+TO+THE+WORLD++&date=09%2D14%2D1997&query=+Mother+Teresa&maxdoc=90&idx=7.(accessed07-04-2002).

Lloyd, Marion. "Nun's Sainthood effort moves fast; Callers report miracles of Mother Teresa." The Washington Times. August 28, 1999, pp A6. http://ask.elibrary.com/getdoc.asp?pubname=The_Washington_Times&puburl=http~C~~S~~S~www.washtimes.com&querydocid=:bigchalk:U.S.;Lib&dtype=0~0&dinst=0&author=Marion+Lloyd&title=Nun%27s+sainthood+effort+moves+fast%3B+Callers+report+miracles+of+Mother+Teresa++&date=08%2D28%2D1999&query=+Mother+Teresa&maxdoc=90&idx=6 accessed 07-04-2002).

Penetrate Global Markets

Global marketing in today's world depends upon a mix of technological and cultural understanding as Spillan (2012) points out: the "reach of the Internet to unknown places" and the "social environments that exist in global regional market segments" help to drive the global economy and the markets that exist within it. Therefore, comprehending how the Internet and various social media outlets intersect and interact with social environments, especially in developing worlds, is supremely important in assessing one's role in the global market strategy. This is essentially also the point of Luca Lindner (2015), president of McCann Worldgroup and author of "Why Global Marketing Must Move Beyond Cultural Stereotypes and Go Deep." When Lindner advises that marketers "go deep," he means that marketers must tap into the "local" economy and culture of the environment they seek to reach: after all, the trend in recent years is a rise…

References

Greenstein, T. (2011). The Fed's $16 Trillion Bailouts Under-Reported. Forbes.

Retrieved from  http://www.forbes.com/sites/traceygreenstein/2011/09/20/the-feds-16-trillion-bailouts-under-reported/ 

Jones, E. M. (2000). Libido Dominandi: Sexual Liberation and Political Control.

South Bend, IN: St. Augustine's Press.

American Literature-Marge Piercy's poem "What's That Smell in the Kitchen?"

How figurative language is used in the poem to evoke vivid images.

In the poem "What's That Smell in the Kitchen?" Piercy analyzes her mundane routine duties as an exhausted housewife; how women sometimes feel unworthy due to the behavior of men. Though in this poem, speaker does not introduce herself as a homemaker, but tells the reader about one specific woman as an example on behalf of the feelings of all women. In the beginning of "What's That Smell in the Kitchen?" author points out that dinners are being burnt all over America. This not only gives a reader the central idea of the poem but also creates curiosity to read further to know the reason. in the next four lines the author explains foods that are usually cooked in the particular cities of United States. This paints a…

References

Piercy, M. (2009). What's that smell in the kitchen. In R. Gwynn. (Ed.), Poetry: A Pocket Anthology (6th ed., pp. 38-339). New York: Pearson.

Stevens, J. (n.d.). John Stevens - Marge piercy what's that smell in the kitchen. Retrieved from All Readable:  http://www.allreadable.com/6fa7975l

The 1899 Liberty Head $5 Gold Half Eagle
The 1899 Liberty Head $5 Gold Half Eagle was designed by Christian Gobrecht, the third Chief Engraver of the U.S. Mint (1840-1844). The coin was circulated with a mintage of 1,710,630 and a metal content of 90% gold and 10% copper. Its diameter was 21.6 mm and weighed approximately 8.36 grams (EBTH). The Liberty Head was just one production of the U.S. half eagle that was produced for circulation for more than a century. This paper will describe the history of the Liberty Head Gold Half Eagle designed by Gorbrecht and what it signified.
The half eagle was the first gold coin minted by the U.S., authorized by the Coinage Act of April 2, 1792 (United States Mint); the first rendition of the coin was the Turban Head design, created by Robert Scot. Minted through 1807, the Turban Head design showed Lady…

Even during the golden years of the beauty contest between the wars there were unresolved problems with the nature and purpose of such competitions:

There remained elements of discomfort and tension, only superficially palliated by the scientific discourse, patriotic rhetoric and philanthropic gestures of the contest's organisers. These tensions would be released again in the 1970s when a new generation of feminists added discrimination on the grounds of race and disability, together with a more unequivocal rejection of standardised and homogenised ideals of the body and beauty, to the critique of their forebears.

Yet this phenomenon can be seen as consistent with the change in the status of the beauty contest, from a celebration of values that were of universal appeal (even reflecting ideals of national identity) to a tawdry matter of selling sex. y the 1980s and 1990s such contests were experiencing a decline in entrants, with young women…

Bibliography

Sarah Banet-Weiser, the Most Beautiful Girl in the World: Beauty Pageants and National Identity, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1999

Colleen Ballerino Cohen, Richard Wilk and Beverly Stoeltje (eds), Beauty Queens on the Global Stage: Gender, Contests and Power, New York and London, Routledge, 1997. Useful collection of essays with a global perspective.

Lois W. Banner, American Beauty (New York: Knopf, 1983). A detailed study of the history of the Miss America contest.

Liz Conor, 'Beauty contestant in the photographic scene', Journal of Australian Studies, no 71, (2001). Interesting points on the importance of modern communication/reproduction technologies in 1920s beauty contests.

In the cinema, women were often sexual, powerful vamps and flappers, portrayed by actresses like Louise Brooks and Clara Bow. Flappers cut off their long hair and shed their long skirts for a more athletic and empowered appearance. However, although the flapper was culturally significant in terms of her image and power, her time in the limelight was relatively brief. Born of the prosperity of the Roaring 20s, during the Great Depression, women faced more sober circumstances. Still, many women continued to work, often because they were now the primary breadwinners for impoverished households. But working away from the home and female independence was less idealized. Films such as The Gold Diggers of 1933 showed women looking to marriage as a way of relieving their economic despair.

Katherine Hepburn: The Next New oman

hile some of the stars to emerge during the 1930s were decorous and feminine, others, such as…

Works Cited

Adam's Rib. Directed by George Cukor. 1949.

Ali, Atka. "Lesson 10: Separate Spheres. " Women's history." July 12, 2010.

http://students.depaul.edu/~aali/lesson10.html

The Gold Diggers of 1933. Directed by Mervyn LeRoy. 1933

" James a.S. McPeek

further blames Jonson for this corruption: "No one can read this dainty song to Celia without feeling that Jonson is indecorous in putting it in the mouth of such a thoroughgoing scoundrel as Volpone."

Shelburne

asserts that the usual view of Jonson's use of the Catullan poem is distorted by an insufficient understanding of Catullus' carmina, which comes from critics' willingness to adhere to a conventional -- yet incorrect and incomplete -- reading of the love poem. hen Jonson created his adaptation of carmina 5, there was only one other complete translation in English of a poem by Catullus. That translation is believed to have been Sir Philip Sidney's rendering of poem 70 in Certain Sonnets, however, it was not published until 1598.

This means that Jonson's knowledge of the poem must have come from the Latin text printed in C. Val. Catulli, Albii, Tibulli, Sex.…

Works Cited

Alghieri, Dante Inferno. 1982. Trans. Allen Mandelbaum. New York: Bantam Dell, 2004.

Print.

Allen, Graham. Intertextuality. Routledge; First Edition, 2000. Print.

Baker, Christopher. & Harp, Richard. "Jonson' Volpone and Dante." Comparative

Political Party Machines and Immigration in 19th Century America

After a bitterly contested evolution ended in the liberation of England's former colonies, the fledgling American nation embarked on the precarious path towards a style of democratic governance that had never been enacted on so large a scale. While the latter part of the 18th century was defined by political idealism, as exemplified by contributions made by our nation's Founding Fathers, the 19th century soon gave rise to an insidious process of power consolidation and voter exploitation. The egalitarian political parties envisioned during the heady days of American Independence devolved into institutional party machines, typified by widespread corruption, fraudulent activities, autocratic rule, and a blatant disregard for the foundational importance of democracy. The most effective political party machines during the 19th century were ran ruthlessly by so-called "bosses," or political titans who maintained control over their jurisdiction through a combination of…

References

Judd, D., & Swanstrom, T. (2008). City politics. (8th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson Education.

Great Depression and the New Deal

The Great Depression

The Great Depression was caused by the stock market crash of 1929. The 1920s had been a roaring good time for Americans: credit was easy and investments were going up. In the 1920s, it was known as the Installment Plan -- and "enjoy while you pay" was a popular expression used to lure buyers into the market who could not otherwise afford to be consumers. Credit was used for everything -- including stock. However, when credit expands in the form of shoddy loans, a credit bubble is created. The bubble, in this case, popped in 1929 when the market realized no more credit was going to be pumped in as a result of too many loans to undeserving customers were being made (i.e., customers who could not pay them back). With the market correction came the margin calls and accounts had…

Bibliography

Brinkley, Alan. Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin, and The Great

Depression. NY: Vintage, 1983.

Butler, Smedley. War is a Racket. LA: Feral House, 2003.

Jeansonne, Glen. Transformation and Reaction America 1921-1945. IL: Waveland

The Leblanc alkali production processes were especially pernicious, but they followed along the lines of previous industrial processes. In other words, the first British environmental legislation was a response not so much to a qualitative change in industrial processes and their environmental impact but more to a quantitative increase in sources of pollution that had up to that point been (if only barely) tolerable.

Legislation Arising From Public Anger

At the center of the first British environmental legislation was the Leblanc process, an industrial process that produced of soda ash (which is chemically sodium carbonate) that came into use in the first decades of the 19th century. Named after its inventor, Nicolas Leblanc, it replaced an older process in which soda ash had been produced from wood ash. However, as the availability of wood ash declined (because of deforestation, a process that was occuring both in Great Britain and across…

Resources Act (WRA) of 1991. This act "establishes the duties of the Environment Agency (EA) on flood defence and other areas relating to water management and quality."

"The EA has discretionary powers to improve and maintain river conditions. This means that the EA is not obliged to construct or maintain such works. In practice, the EA will only proceed with schemes that are not only beneficial but cost-effective.

"The Act also grants the EA powers to issue flood warnings and regulate what can be discharged into rivers, estuaries, coastal waters, lakes and groundwaters."

Canadian law on flooding is similarly divided between common law and statutory law.

First Nations

This, in combination with his slick use of language, and ability to use up-to-date sland and invented words to fit his needs, linked him not only with the cowboy tradition, but speech and mannerism of the American South. Because of this easy going style -- and ability to cut through the extraneous and find the base truth in the matter at hand, allowed him to move through social classes in all countries, standing for the virtues of a self-made-man, with the obvious respect for capitalism, utilitarianism, and faith in the progression of humans (Brown, 1979)

The standard definition of an intellectual is a person who uses intelligence (thought and reason) in a critical way to analyze issues and give not just a summation of rote memorization of facts, but of analysis and synthesis. Was Will ogers an intellectual? How could he not be -- he meets every standard, and then…

REFERENCES

Give a Trougth to Will. (1922, November 13). Retrieved December 2010, from the New York Times:  http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9D00E5D61F39EF3ABC4B52DFB7678389639EDE 

Will Rogers. (2009, April). Retrieved December 2010, from Will Rogers Website: http://www.cmgww.com/historic/rogers/index.html

Brown, W. (1979). Will Rogers and His Magic Mirror. Chronicles of Oklahoma, 57(3), 300-25.

Roach, F. (1980). Will Rogers' Youthful Relationship With His Father. Chronicles of Oklahoma, 58(3), 325-42.

He explained that it was not popularity and looking good to others that should constitute success. It was what one struggled over and kept him thinking all night. He specifically spoke about President Truman's difficult decision to use nuclear weapons and his own military decision to risk lives (Roberts). According to him, the first rule about leadership is to take charge when in command (Saint 2001). The second rule is to always do what is right. He said that the challenge of leadership is to inspire others or followers to perform what they normally would not do. He described great leaders are "ordinary people in extraordinary times." According to him, great leaders are in history books because they responded adequately to the demand of extra ordinary times. He also said that leaders must take the time to train future leaders coming up through the ranks (Saint).

Schwarzkopf's adept leadership in…

Bibliography

Blumenson, M. (2004). Patton legend. 6 pages. Army: Association of the United States Army

Campbell, a (2007). Biography of General George S. Patton, Jr. 5 pages. Cape May County Herald. Retrieved on May 26, 2008 at http://www.generalpatton.com/biography.htm;

Carter, J.C. And Finer, M.S. (2004). A survey of leadership. 8 pages. Infantry Magazine: U.S. Army Infantry School

Fisher, K. And M. (2000). H. Normal Schwarzkopf. 4 pages. CarpeNoctem. Retrieved on May 27, 2008 at http://www.carpenoctem.tv.military/schwarzhopf.htm

It is increasing purchasing power and inclination of women those are varying the way gadgets are being restructured and also marketed. Women according to her are like the 'canary birds of the technological mineshaft'. (Women take over technology) if it does not act for them it will be possibly unsuccessful in the mass market. She reveals that it is this notion that the type of population of people applying technology is wider than before. (Women take over technology) Consumer electronics in 2001 and 2002 has been aimed in a soft way, according to Katherine izzuto, VP and publisher of Marie Claire magazine and panelist for 'Shopping Consumer Electronics-Understanding the Female Perspective'. However, entry into the year 2004, aims at it in a strong way. She states that her own consumer research presents that women desire information about CE products and do not find where they expect to find it. (Heller,…

References

Biddlecombe, Elizabeth. "Women and Mobile Content"

Retrieved at  http://www.minifizz.com/uk/Mobenta-pop-up.html . Accessed on 18 May, 2005

Caals, Melissa. "A Critical Review of Research into Differences between Men and Women in the Use of Media for Interpersonal Communication." Retrieved at  http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Students/msc0201.html . Accessed on 18 May, 2005

Consumer Electronics Woo women" Retrieved at  http://www.roadandtravel.com/businessandcareer/careers/consumerelectronicswoowomen.htm . Accessed on 18 May, 2005