Charles Perrone, in Masters of Contemporary Brazilian Music discusses the vocal lyrics of the Brazilian music scene and describes the breadth and depth of Brazilian song writing. In this work he discusses another aspect of the music, its meaning and context, building on the idea of nationalism and universalities that are present in Samba and other forms of Brazilian popular music and culture (in this case looking at only 6 of the most popular lyricists and performers.) Perrone argues that Samba, though it has very few lyrics has tremendous social and political meaning, similar to reggae and that the lyrics associated with it are often reminiscent of personal turmoil and social growth. (Perrrone)

As a modern musical expression the Samba arrived in the international context in the early twentieth century in Rio de Janeiro. Samba, according to Morales, is descended from the lundu, a Bantu-Angolan style brought by Africans to Brazil…...

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Works Cited

Barad, Huntley. "A History of Samba." ND, at  http://www.brazilianmusic.com/samba.html 

Morales, Ed. The Latin Beat: The Rhythms and Roots of Latin Music, from Bossa Nova to Salsa and Beyond. Da Capo Press, 2003.

Nkowane, Chilemwa H. "World Music Central: Samba Brasileiro a History" 2004, at  http://www.worldmusiccentral.org/article.php/20040720105726323 

Perrone, Charles. Masters of Contemporary Brazilian Song. Dallas, TX: University of Texas Press. 1993

shores, coasts, and then hinterlands of Brazil were filled with African slaves, a new culture took hold, invoking memories of the past and sustaining a culture for the future. The slaves, who had been surrounded by Europeans for years of their own lives and centuries of a history, carried with them a motley version of the Western African Bantu language. One of its many soulful, multi-faceted words was semba, which captured many ideas with one word: invocation of the spirits, reliance on ancestors, prayers to Gods of the African pantheon; it even meant a complaint, a cry for something, and a feeling of the disillusioned discomfort today known as 'the blues.'
Semba, pronounced samba, was also used to name a ceremony traditional to the early African slaves in Brazil, in which they danced to the rhythmic choreography of butacar, a native African dance.

Samba originated as an early form of expression,…...

Another well-known format of the Samba is the Bossa Nova, which began in the 1950s and is influenced by jazz, and is "softer" and "more relaxed" than basic Samba (Yami, 2002). Samba Enredo is a Carnival form of music that is played mainly on drums and can contain solo and couple type moves. Samba de Pagode is somewhat of the "poor people's Samba," as it originated in the backyard parties in the poorer sections of Brazil. It usually contains themes of regret, happiness, or romance.
It is interesting to note that Samba has always been the "people's" music and upper class people always tried to repress it. The Samba has been popular in Brazil since the 19th century, and taught in dance schools since the 1920s, but it has undergone many changes since then. It is still one of the most traditional forms of Brazilian folk music for most Brazilians.

eferences

Baker,…...

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References

Baker, J. (2007). Samba. Retrieved from the DanceStoreOnline Web site: June 2007.http://www.thedancestoreonline.com/ballroom-dance-instruction/samba-free-lessons.htm19

Yami, R. (2002). Salsa site: Samba. Retrieved from the Salsasite.com Web site:   June 2007.http://www.salsasite.com/dances/samba.htm19 

choreographer's choices regarding any and all aspects of dance will impact the strength of the message or support of a cause that he or she wants to convey to the audience. Using varied dynamics, the choreographer can convey different emotions and levels of energy, also controlling and modulating the pacing of the dancers' movements. Dynamics in turn relate to musicality. Depending on the role of music in the piece, the dance might enhance or complement the music or exist almost independently from it. Some modern dances may in fact be fully corporeal to draw the viewer's attention to the power of the sounds of the dance itself, such as feet hitting the stage.
A choreographer must also work conscientiously with positive and negative spaces in the surface area available, including vertical as well as horizontal levels of space. Understanding the specific talents of the dancers and making casting decisions may…...

Capoeira was developed surreptitiously, with two men pretending that they are taking part in a dance, when in fact they are practicing kicks and blows. There is also a whole style of Capoeira music which goes along with the martial arts culture. In areas of Brazil where gangs are rampant, youth learn this dance and the drumming music that goes along with it is a positive alternative to fighting each other and is a peaceful way to ward off anger and aggression in youth (MacSwan 19).

The discipline fuses flexibility, agility, strength, balance, self-confidence, self-defense, coordination and rhythm; creating a workout like no other. To hide despair and intention of rebellion from their masters, the dancers combined playful and graceful dance and acrobatic movements with moves of attacks and defense using only the legs. hile training they would avoid unnecessary harm by having very little contact with each other. They added…...

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Works Cited

Brazilian Music Guide. Styles. 2007. http://www.slipcue.com/music/brazil/aa_styles/aa_styles.html.

Consulate General of Brazil. About Brazil. http://www.brazilsf.org/culture_capoeira_eng.htm.

Lima-Moore, D. Swing Brazil UK - Rio Samba.2007. http://www.swingbrazil.co.uk/.

MacSwan, Angus. In violent Rio slum, music group offers alternative. Brocktown News. 23 Dec 2005. http://www.capoeira.com/news.php?item.17.

I think that one of the ways that break dancing helps to solidify resistance is through providing another avenue for a countercultural movement to grow. Due to the concerns about the economy that she mentioned, today is one of the few times in the history of the U.S. that there is not a dominant countercultural movement. Therefore, I believe that by having people breakdance in places where people also turf dance, both of these forms of dance can help to form a countercultural movement that expresses social concern.
There is a definite similarity between Nicole's choice of hip-hop dance as a form of resistance and mine highlighting turf dancing as a form of resistance. Both of these forms of dance largely began in urban environments in the streets. I believe that it would be useful to incorporate hip hop dancing with turf dancing, since in reality turf dancing is merely…...

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Works Cited

Browning, Barbara. Samba: Resistance in Motion. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. 1995. Print.

" (Al-Ghaith, Sanzogni, and Sandhu, 2010)
With a focus on Saudi Arabia it is reported that there is "no reliable local production in the fields of software or the hardware. The increased demand for ICTs is met by acquiring overseas technologies.

The trend towards increased reliance on ICTs by the Saudi people, in particular computers and internet services, is one of the highest when compared with other developing countries; however it is still far below the ownership rate in developed countries. Table 1 illustrates the ownership rate of equipment such as fixed-line telephones, cellular phone and personal computers. The ownership rate was calculated per 1000 persons in variant countries over the world." (Al-Ghaith, Sanzogni, and Sandhu, 2010) the goal of the study reported in the work of Al-Ghaith, Sanzogni, and Sandhu (2010) is to enhancing the understanding of factors that influence adoption and usage of online services in Saudi Arabia. More precisely…...

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Bibliography

Molina, Alfonsa, Ben-Jadeed, Mohammed (2004) the Emergence and Evolution of e-Banking in Saudi Arabia: The Case of Samba Financial Group. Frontiers of E-Business Research 2004

Jasimuddin, Sajjad, M. (nd) Saudi Arabian Banks on the Web. Online available at: http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC/0103_02.htm

Agarwal, R. And Prasad, J. (1998), "The antecedents and consequents of user perceptions in information technology adoptions," Decisions Support System, Vol. 22, pp. 15-29.

Ahmed, a.M., Zairi, M. And Alwabel, S.A. (2006). Global benchmarking for internet and e-commerce applications, Benchmarking: An International Journal 13(1/2), 68-80.

Brazilian Culture
Brazil's culture is a fascinating blend of European, African and Amerindian influences. Portuguese settlers brought with them strong influences in religion, later Europeans such as Italians and Germans arrived bringing 20th century ideas about government, Africans brought drums and dance, and Amerindian influences can be found in a number of spheres. Over the course of the past five hundred years, these influences have been shaped by the vast and varied landscape, the climate and political events. Even though different parts of the country developed almost in isolation from one another due to geographic distance, some elements of culture bind all Brazilians. Carnival is one of those. The combination in dance, music, costume and religion into a single event is one of the defining elements of Brazilian culture. At once, it takes deep roots and social significance, while maintaining a lighter popular side that pays only superficial homage to its…...

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Works Cited:

Chapter 13

Chapter 14

Lewis, C. (1996). Woman, body, space: Rio Carnival and the politics of performance. Gender, Place and Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography. Vol. 3 (1) 23-42.

Although the music is not hip-shaking, it is head-bopping and finger-snapping.
31.Hari Naam Ka Pyala

5:30

Anup Jalota (India)

Aisi Laagi Lagan

This Indian music is at once accessible and mystical. It is neither Indian classical music nor Indian pop like Bangra. Instead, "Hari Naam Ka Pyala" sounds like Indian devotional or religious music for a popular audience. There is a nice low-register string instrument throughout as well as the Indian drums, which may or may not be tabla. There is also the surprising addition of an accordion-like instrument but most of the instrumentation is strings and percussion. The male vocals are sweet, devotional, and melodic. The sounds or phonemes of the language seem to blend well with the instrumentation as well as the beats. Thus, the vocals both stand alone and blend with the music as if another instrument. I enjoyed listening to this.

32.Nansi Imali

5:15

Ladysmith Black Mambazo (South Africa)

The Indestructible Beat of Soweto…...

The problem with European slaves was mainly that they had recourse to legal action for the protection of their rights and redressing their grievances. Like the Native Americans, European slaves were also unfamiliar with the soils and cash crops of the New World. Furthermore, they tended to use their status as slaves only as a vehicle for traveling to the United States, after which they would claim their freedom on the grounds of their Christianity and their race (Gilbert and Reynolds 154).
On the other hand, the main disadvantage of using Africans as slaves was the expense and danger involved in capturing and transporting them from the continent (Gilbert and Reynolds 155). Their knowledge and familiarity with both the tropical environment and the soils of the area however favored them highly over their European and Native American counterparts. This, along with their skill in extracting ores from American soils, as…...

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Bibliography

Gilbert, Erik & Reynolds, Jonathan T. "Chapter 8: Slavery and the Creation of the Atlantic World." Africa in World History: From Prehistory to the Present. Pearson/Prentice Hall: 2nd Edition, 2007.

Gilbert, Erik & Reynolds, Jonathan T. "Chapter 9: West and West-Central Africa: 1500 -- 1880." Africa in World History: From Prehistory to the Present. Pearson/Prentice Hall: 2nd Edition, 2007.

Gilbert, Erik & Reynolds, Jonathan T. "Chapter 10: North African and the Sudan: 1500 -- 1880." Africa in World History: From Prehistory to the Present. Pearson/Prentice Hall: 2nd Edition, 2007.

Gilbert, Erik & Reynolds, Jonathan T. "Chapter 11: East Africa: 1500 -- 1850." Africa in World History: From Prehistory to the Present. Pearson/Prentice Hall: 2nd Edition, 2007.

A seasoned professional, both my academic and career experience has prepared me to contribute to your program. I received my achelor's Degree of Science and Marketing from the Arab Academy for Science and Technology in 2003. In 2009, I furthered my education by obtaining a Master's of usiness Administration and Organizational Leadership from Johnson and Wales University in Providence, Rhode Island. So far, my curriculum has covered relevant topics such as cross cultural leadership, effective communication, International law, and professional ethics, in addition to a variety of other courses dealing with business, management, organization, and finance. With the preparation provided to me by my academic history, I am ready to become an effective contributor to your PhD program. My previous education has not only provided me with the tools to understand basic and advanced concepts of organizational leadership and marketing, but it has also procured for me a greater…...

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By attending the University of New Mexico's American Studies PhD program, I will improve this cultural understanding and sensitivity, making me better able to continue in my current business interests, organizational leadership and marketing. In addition to benefiting me academically and professionally, the privileged of attending this program will benefit me personally, as I will gain a greater appreciation for cultures and their importance in this global age. This will serve me well as an active member in my community and society, as well as a world traveler.

Though I believe the American Studies PhD program at the University of New Mexico will benefit me greatly, I also believe that my academic and professional skills will contribute a great deal to the program, its instructors, and its participants. As education is meant to be the free flow of ideas between student and teacher, this is the ideal situation for this advanced level of education. A seasoned professional, both my academic and career experience has prepared me to contribute to your program. I received my Bachelor's Degree of Science and Marketing from the Arab Academy for Science and Technology in 2003. In 2009, I furthered my education by obtaining a Master's of Business Administration and Organizational Leadership from Johnson and Wales University in Providence, Rhode Island. So far, my curriculum has covered relevant topics such as cross cultural leadership, effective communication, International law, and professional ethics, in addition to a variety of other courses dealing with business, management, organization, and finance. With the preparation provided to me by my academic history, I am ready to become an effective contributor to your PhD program. My previous education has not only provided me with the tools to understand basic and advanced concepts of organizational leadership and marketing, but it has also procured for me a greater interest in the topic of culture, especially as it relates to business. Like any academic, the knowledge that I have gained has driven me to obtain further knowledge. This genuine interest in the topic, as well as my dedication to my previous education, which is exemplified by my Master's GPA of 3.8, have prepared me to make an important contribution to your program.

In addition to this academic experience, I have launched a professional career working in my chosen field. My experience through this career path has given me the real-life situations and examples necessary to not only learn a great deal from your program, but also to contribute to the makeup of the program participants with a unique viewpoint. This experience includes working as a buyer for Toys R' U.S. In Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in 2003, as well as working as a customer service representative and investment officer for Citibank partner Samba Financial Group in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A combination of my desire to learn, my academic achievements, and my work experience makes me a perfect candidate for your American Studies program.

This helps tarbucks to retain an image of the young, exciting company that attempts to break the convention with its strategy and its products. The company does this with a policy of continuous innovation and honesty.
Another policy is never to compromise the customer's experience for the sake of profit, as seen above. Not only employees, but also customers are seen as the primary stakeholders in the company and as such are treated well. In this, the company focuses on the little touches that make the customer experience something exceptional. The policy is that small things add up to connect the customer with the company, and this ensures returning customers.

Another insight that tarbucks profit from is the fact that they do not attempt to cultivate loyalty with lower prices, but rather a basis of fans with products that are excellent and meaningful to the particular customers it serves. Hence, customers…...

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Sources

Allison, Melissa. 2006. Starbucks takes unique approach to marketing. Seattle Times. Oct. 12.  http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2003300353_events12.html 

Hanft, Adam. 2007. What you can learn from Starbucks. Inc.com.  http://www.inc.com/resources/marketing/articles/20050401/starbucks.html 

Moore, John. 2006. Marketing lessons from Starbucks. Nov. 7. http://www.hear2.com/2006/11/john_moore_auth.html

The traditional Unix Common Desktop Environment should satisfy long-time Unix users, though most people are likely to find it to be crude and dated. The GNU Network Object Model Environment is a modern desktop environment that strives for simplicity, similar to Mac OS. Gnome has all the features modern users expect in a desktop, though experts may be disappointed by the fact that many decisions are left out of the hands of the user. Experts are more likely to prefer the K. Desktop Environment, which provides a configuration switch for nearly everything that could be done in more than one way. KDE is the most popular desktop environment for Unix.
Windows 2000 offers only the default Windows user interface. The Windows shell is dated in comparison to Gnome or KDE. Though consistency and familiarity are beneficial, Windows lacks user-interface features like multiple window focus models and virtual desktops that are…...

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Bibliography

Singer, Michael. "Sun Sets Solaris 10 Free." Developer. 15 November 2004.  http://www.internetnews.com/dev-news/article.php/3435621

Creoles
Professionals involved in therapy and counseling with members of the Creole culture of New Orleans and southern Louisiana should be aware of the history and traditions of this group that make it distinctive from all others in the United States, and indeed from the French-speaking Cajun communities in the same region. In Louisiana, Creoles are not simply the white descendants of the early French and Spanish colonists, although in the post-Civil War era of Jim Crow there was a major attempt to redefine them as 100% white. This was never the case in history since they are a mixed-race people descended from Europeans, Native Americans and African slaves during the 18th Century and occupied a special caste in pre-Civil War Louisiana. They spoke their own language known as Creole French, as do tens of thousands of their descendants today, and in appearance have often been able to 'pass' as white.…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ancelet, B.J. (1994). Cajun and Creole Folk Tales: The French Oral Tradition of South Louisiana. Garland Publsihing, Inc.

Dass-Bailsford, P. (2010). "Ignore the Dead: We Want the Living" in Dass-Brailsford, P., ed. Crisis and Disaster Counseling: Lessons Learned from Hurricane Katrina and Other Disasters. SAGE Publications.

Dominguez, V.R. (1997). White by Definition: Social Classification in Creole Louisiana. Rutgers University Press.

Dormon, J.H. (1996). "Ethnicity and Identity: Creoles of Color in Twentieth-Century South Louisiana" in Dormon, J.H. Creoles of Color in the Gulf South. University of Tennessee Press, pp. 166-86.

Music and Dance in Indian Films
In sheer quantity, INDIA produces more movies than any other country in the world-over 900 feature-length films in at least 16 languages, according to a recent industry survey. This productivity is explained by several factors: the size of the Indian audience, low literacy rates, the limited diffusion of television in India, and well-developed export markets in both hemispheres. (http://worldfilm.about.com/cs/booksbolly/)

In its historical development, India's film industry paralleled that of the West. Dadasaheb Phalke's Raja Harishchandra, the first silent film for popular consumption, appeared in 1913; Alam Ara, the first "talkie," was released in 1931. ut the Indian cinema derived its unique flavor from the older Indian musical theater-particularly from the Urdu poetic dramas of the late nineteenth century. The influence of this tradition ensured that Indian movies would favor mythological or legendary-historical stories, that their dialogue would carry an Urdu flavor even in languages other than…...

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Bibliography

 http://worldfilm.about.com/cs/booksbolly/ 

National Identity in Indian Popular Cinema 1947-1987 (Texas Film Studies) by Sumita S. Chakravarty Univ of Texas Pr; (December 1993)

Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema by Ashish Rajadhyaksha (Editor), Paul Willemen (Editor) British Film Inst; Revised edition (September 1999)

Cinema of Interruptions: Action Genres in Contemporary Indian Cinema by Lalitha Gopalan British Film Inst; (July 1, 2002)

I. Introduction
A. Briefly introduce Brazil as a potential bucket list destination
B. Highlight the diverse attractions and experiences that make Brazil unique

II. Natural Beauty
A. Discuss Brazil's stunning landscapes, including the Amazon Rainforest and Iguazu Falls
B. Highlight the country's beautiful beaches, such as Copacabana and Ipanema in Rio de Janeiro

III. Cultural Richness
A. Explore Brazil's vibrant music and dance scene, such as samba and bossa nova
B. Discuss the country's rich history and diverse cultural influences, including indigenous, African, and European heritage

IV. Adventure Opportunities
A. Highlight Brazil's outdoor adventures, such as hiking in the Pantanal wetlands or surfing....

I. Introduction
A. Brazil's captivating allure as a travel destination
B. A melting pot of diverse landscapes, vibrant culture, and rich history
C. Thesis statement: Unveiling the captivating elements that make Brazil a must-visit bucket list item

II. Natural Wonders and Diverse Landscapes
A. Amazon Rainforest: The largest rainforest in the world, teeming with biodiversity and home to indigenous cultures
1. Explore the intricate ecosystem and witness the mesmerizing wildlife
2. Embark on a riverboat journey through the labyrinthine waterways
B. Iguazu Falls: A breathtaking natural spectacle, straddling the border between Brazil and Argentina
1. Marvel at the thunderous cascades and rainbows that adorn the falls
2. Wander through the....

Landslides are a recurring natural hazard affecting many regions around the world, causing significant damage to infrastructure, property, and sometimes loss of life. In recent years, there has been an increased emphasis on using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a tool for assessing landslide susceptibility and risk mapping. GIS allows researchers and planners to integrate various factors that contribute to landslide occurrence, such as topography, geology, land use, soil properties, and precipitation, to create spatial models that can identify areas at risk of landslides.
One of the key advantages of using GIS for landslide susceptibility mapping is its ability to analyze....