Sex offenders: How should the legal system deal with them?
Dealing with the problem of sex offenders is one of the most serious and emotional issues any criminal justice professional can confront. Even otherwise rational people often become irrational when the subject of sexual abuse arises. This fear that sex offenders could be anywhere and everywhere is terrifying for parents and the public at large. The idea that a sex offender could be released into the community is so abhorrent for many it has led to calls for additional legislation to limit sex offenders' movements and whereabouts long after they have served their time in jail. "One of the most hotly-debated issues in criminal law today is how to manage the perceived risk of sex offenders loose in the community. Beyond mandatory registration and community notification, over a dozen states, including Illinois, have enacted residency restrictions that forbid sex offenders from…...

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References

Durling, C. (2006). Never going home: Does it make us safer? does it make sense? sex offenders, residency restrictions, and reforming risk management law. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 97(1), 317-363.

'Megan's Law' mom criticizes 'sexting' charges. (2009). NPR. Retrieved:

 http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=102399198 

Shealy, L., Kalichman, S.C., Henderson, M.C., Szymanowski, D., & McKee, G. (1991). MMPI

Sex offender (sex-related transgressor, sex auser or even sex-related auser) is an individual that has actually dedicated a sex criminal offense or in some circumstances also plain pulic peeing (MSNBC, 2007). Just what comprises a sex criminal activity varies y society and lawful territory. A numer of territories assemle their regulations in to areas, such as traffic, attack and sex-related. Most of pronounced guilty sex transgressors have convictions for criminal offenses of sex-related attriutes; nonetheless, some sex transgressors have actually just reached a regulation consisted of in a sex-related group. A few of the criminal activities which typically lead to a necessary sex-offender category are: a moment hooking conviction, sending out or otaining salacious material through SMS message (sexting), partnership in etween young people and teens leading to corruption of a small (if the age in etween them is aove 1,060 days; if any sort of sex-related consult was made…...

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1. The Paraphilias, Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorder, And The Treatment Of Sexually Deviant Behaviors

The paraphilias have actually been mainly disregarded by psychiatry, despite the fact that psychiatrists are preferably matched to deal with and detect these conditions by virtue of their medical as well as mental training. The sexual variances need an understanding of not only biological but also mental causation and abilities in mental and medicinal sessions. Just recently the Supreme Court of the United States in Kansas v. Hendricks (1997) promoted the constitutionality of the civil dedication of sexually deviant people for psychological sessions. As the different states embrace statutes based upon Hendricks, psychiatry will be required to take a proactive participation in the medical diagnosis as well as the administration of the paraphillias. This paper details briefly where the industry is in the comprehension of the natural history, medical diagnosis, and sessions of the paraphilias.

2. An Audit Report on Selected Rehabilitation Programs at the Department of Criminal Justice

3 of 5 programs auditors assessed at the Department of Criminal Justice decreased recidivism (re-arrest and re-incarceration) rates. A 4th program lowered re-arrest rates however had greater re-incarceration rates; while the 5th program did not minimize either re-arrest or re-incarceration rates.

The Solution

The Saybrook Forum reports that studies indicate that rehabilitation of sex offenders is possible. It is reported that sex offenders can be rehabilitated through therapy and that therapy can be an effective method to rehabilitating sex offenders. The method utilized is quite simple and is reported to be humanistic involving addressing the humanity of the offender. ehabilitation makes a requirement of "taking the sex offender seriously as a person." (Saybrook Forum, 2011, p.1) Preliminary research in "humanistic and existential psychology" which used the group therapy context has demonstrated success in rehabilitation of sex offenders.

Summary and Conclusion

There is a great deal of controversy surrounding treatment and rehabilitation of sex offenders and while studies show that treatment and rehabilitation programs are successful, there still is the issue of a lack of empirical studies to support this idea. However, treatment vs. The alternative of no treatment is the most viable option. As…...

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References

An, Veronica (2013) LA Sex Offenders Need Rehabilitation. Daily Trojan 10 Mar 2013. Retrieved from:  http://dailytrojan.com/2013/03/10/la-sex-offenders-need-rehabilitation/ 

Studies Suggest it is Possible to Rehabilitate Sex Offenders -- by Acknowledging Their Humanity. University. Saybrook Forum 9 Mar 2011. Retrieved from:  http://www.saybrook.edu/forum/univ/studies-suggest-it-possible-rehabilitate-sex-offenders-acknowledging-their-humanity 

Trowbridge, B. (nd) Does Sex Offender Treatment Work? Retrieved from: www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/.../doc40_trowbridge_2005_pdf?

While registry systems are improving to help keep community members aware of their risk from known offenders, much more needs to be done to prevent offenses from happening in the first place. This is a very difficult task, since it involves not only crime prevention but also risk detection and systems cohesion. One way this challenge might be approached is through increased reporting requirements. Too often, alleged abuse in schools or daycare centers goes un-reported and the accused teacher is simply let go from his job. He is then likely to go to another school and be re-hired there, effectively placing a whole new set of students at risk. The Student Protection Act was introduced in the Senate in 2007. If passed, the Act would create mandatory standards for reporting incidents of sexual misconduct, and would develop a nationwide database to house that information. When a school was conducting…...

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References

National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (2007). The Frontline. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention: Washington, DC.

Sex Offenders: History. Available at:  http://www.missingkids.com/missingkids/ 

Shih, Gerry (2010). After Another Murder, Another Proposed Law. The New York Times

April 13th.

Sex Offenders
An Investigation of hether the Punishments Inflicted upon Sex Offenders are the most Effective Means of Dealing with these Offenders

There are some crimes that are so hideous that there doesn't seem that any chance of rehabilitation would ever be possible. It is commonly the case that the most horrific stories of sexual offenses plague the media. Because of this the public has developed an irrational fear against the sexual offender stereotype which has served as the foundation for harsher and harsher punishments. However, studies of shown that among various sexual offenders that the rate of recidivism was surprising low given the individuals completed a treatment program. Yet most sexual offenders who have complete treatment as well as their sentences and have to abide by a wide range of restrictions that make their lives unduly hard to live. This paper takes an objective look at the punishments and restrictions that…...

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Works Cited

Dormin, C. (2010, May 22). Facts and Fiction about Sex Offenders. Retrieved from Corrections:  http://www.corrections.com/news/article/24500-facts-and-fiction-about-sex-offenders 

Griffin, A. (2011, August 12). Sex Offenders Have No Place To Go After Serving Time. Retrieved from ProQuest:  http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=2422955411&sid=2&Fmt=3&clientId=11123&RQT=309&VName=PQD 

Shwartz, B. (2011). Handbook of Sex Offender Treatment. Civic Research Institute.

Granted, offenders who can legally be monitored for their online behaviors should be prevented from engaging in any precursor acts to grooming. The rehabilitation process should include the development of healthy online behaviors and habits.
Specific features of online communication make it so that grooming is easy for sex offenders. It is also difficult if not impossible to prevent sex offenders from using the Internet to perpetrate their criminal behaviors. Therefore, the best solution is to target the other end of the equation and empower communities, parents, and children. esearch is increasingly revealing the value of education and community interventions in teaching children about what warning signs to look out for when using the Internet (Davidson & Gottschalk, 2011). Some research also shows that prevention efforts that help young people use the internet more responsibly are also more effective when coupled with anti-bullying and other mental health interventions that target…...

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References

Davidson, J. & Gottschalk, P. (2011). Characteristics of the Internet for criminal child sexual abuse by online groomers. Criminal Justice Studies 24(1): 23-26.

Ybarra, M.L. & Mitchell, K.J. (2008). How risky are social networking sites? Pediatrics 121(2).

In general, preferential child molesters are much more dangerous that situational child molesters, largely because they typically account for more than one-hundred victims before being apprehended whereas situational child molesters are rarely as prolific. Preferential child molesters have specific preferences for children and for children of certain ages. They may purposely position themselves to take advantage of children, such as by pursuing professional employment that allows them close contact with or authority over children.

What are the two occupations in which a person has the greatest danger of being the victim of a violent crime on the job? Why?

The two occupations in which a person is at greatest potential risk of being victimized by violent crime on the job are: (1) taxicab and limousine drivers and (2) proprietors of 24-hour gas stations, convenience stores, and liquor stores. That is largely because taxi drivers work in close proximity to strangers in situations…...

Sex Offender egistration Laws
The issue of sex offender registration and notification (SON) has been an age long practice across many states and upon release from jail, some states require that sex offenders register with their local authorities for ease of monitoring over a period of time. However, this has raised substantial debate over the effectiveness of this method in deterring recidivism. Studies have been conducted among sex offenders released from prison into states that required registration and those that did not require registration and conflicting conclusions have been drawn ct. It is the interest of this paper to show how effective this approach has been and the failures that it has encountered in preventing the sex offenders who are released from abducting victims.

The SON enables the local authorities to know the exact location of residence of the sex offender and the composition of the neighboring society. This will enable the…...

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References

Hartmann M., (2011). Sex Offenders Registries may not be Very Effective. Retrieved April 5, 2016 from  http://jezebel.com/5836093/sex-offender-registries-may-not-be-very-effective 

PrescottJ.J. & Rockoff J., (2010). Do Sex Offender Registration and Notification Laws

Affect Criminal Behavior? Retrieved April 5, 2016 from  https://www.google.co.ke/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=7&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiLiLO7jvjLAhUF7BQKHTTiDX0QFghEMAY&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww0.gsb.columbia.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fjrockoff%2Fpapers%2Fprescott%2520rockoff%2520meglaw%2520jan%252010.pdf&usg=AFQjCNGij3nV9ZJjeBDPZCv0peLaBwXudg&sig2=HBzY3yStUscAhwOlJas0PQ&bvm=bv.118443451,d.bGg

Sex Offenders and the Internet
The types of sexual habits occurring online range from very unusual behaviors to others that are plain illegal (Caroline & Klein, 2014). A considerable amount of literature on sexual abuse of minors occurring and getting promoted online is being developed although there is a scarcity of information concerning other internet sexual based interactions that touch on manufacturing, dissemination and online viewing of sexual materials (Carolina & Klein, 2014).

This paper focuses on exploration and analysis of different practices including rape videos, sadomasochism leading to body disfigurement, zoophilic and necrophilia with the aim being to reduce information gap. In addition, impacts of sexual behavior on clinical and forensic psychiatry as well as legal regulations and ethical considerations are discussed (Carolina & Klein, 2014).

Common cases on online Sex offenders

Cybercrimes are an enhancement of traditional crimes whose scale is enlarged by computer usage, networks and other ICT development. They are…...

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References

Babchishin, K. Hanson, R., & Seto, M (2011). Contact sexual offending by men with online sexual offenses. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 23, 124-145.

Baharudin, F., & Zakaria, Z. (2012). Adolescents and Internet Sex Addiction. USIM

Carolina, A.. & Klein, MD. (2014). Digital and Divergent: Sexual Behaviors on the Internet. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 42:495 -- 503.

Elliott, A., Beech, R., & Norden, R. (2013). Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 25(1) 3 -- 20

Adolescent Sex Offenders: Early Development and Transition to Adulthood (Ages 15 -30)
The objective of this study is to examine the early development of sex offenders and the adolescent activity that fosters the abnormal behavior. This study will relate to lifespan development where the focus must explain the abnormal development over a period between ages 15 and 30.

Adolescents who commit sex offenses are in many states listed on a sex offender registry for life and some of these boys are only 10 years of age. Reports show that only a small percentage of these adolescent boys go on to commit sex crimes as an adult and that many of the sex crimes committed were of the nature that are very similar to natural childhood experimentation with some of the offenders having simply grabbed a girl's buttocks or breasts on the outside of their clothing. Other more virulent offenders however, have raped…...

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Bibliography

Michael F. Caldwell et al., An Examination of the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act as Applied to Juveniles: Evaluating the Ability to Predict Sexual Recidivism, 14 PSYCHOLOGY, PUBLIC POLICY AND LAW 89, (2008).

Michael H. Miner, The Fallacy of Juvenile Sex Offender Risk, 6 CRIMINOLOGY & PUBLIC POLICY 565, (2007)

National Center on Sexual Behavior of Youth, What Research Shows About Adolescent Sex Offenders, NCSBY

FACTSHEET NO. 1 (2003). http://www.ncsby.org/pages/publications/What%20Research%20Shows%20About%

Angela Morris
Sex Offenders in the UK, U.S. & Canada

Legislators and criminal justice institutions in the UK, the U.S. And Germany have taken steps in recent years to come to terms -- using harsher and more public methods of punishment -- with those individuals that commit crimes of a sexual nature against children. Because of the outrage and terror that families and citizens express to public officials when a child is kidnapped or abused in a sexual context, and the sensationalized publicity that the media gives to crimes against children, elected officials have had no choice but to crack down on pedophiles and other violent criminals who commit offenses against children. Indeed, expanded policies of criminalization against child sexual abuse (including child pornography, the exploitation of children on the Internet, child sexual tourism among other crimes) have been put in place in the three above-mentioned nations. There are differences -- and…...

Therefore, certain jobs would require much more scrutiny than others, and would require employers to not hire, or possibly terminate existing employees who are sec offenders in such job roles.
Every organization's Human Resource department then has to deal with the sensitive issues in terms of potentially hiring sexual offenders, and how to handle breaking that news to other employees and customers. It is the burden of the HR department in any given organization to have to go through and actually check each application and each applicant's background. This has become a necessity within the context of the modern workplace. According to the research, "HR offices are weeding through more unqualified applicants and investing time and energy ensuring the accuracy of backgrounds presented on application materials" (Heathfield 2011). This process can be quite tedious, especially if HR does not take preventative steps to ensure they are promoting full disclosure within…...

The boy spoke Spanish and had been diagnosed as being "multiple-handicapped and perceptually impaired," which means he could not read or spell simple words, and "had difficulty reasoning on an abstract level" (NJLJ 2001). The therapist testified that the boy admitted to "penetration" but apparently did not know the meaning of the word; he "equated rape with sex, and...he understood sex to mean the act of 'rubbing against someone.'"
Further, medical tests showed that the 8-year-old cousin had "an intact hymen" and showed no signs of sexual abuse (NJLJ 2001). Since the guilty plea had been entered, the court

ADHD and Sexual Aggression concluded, "without a proper factual basis," that plea "violates due process and is unconstitutional if the accused contemporaneously claims..." innocence (NJLJ, 2001). And after five years of dealing with this juvenile and the law, the court "vacated" the plea, which adjudicated delinquency. This case shows the difficulty that…...

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Works Cited

Aylwin, A. Scott, Reddon, John R., & Burke, Andrew R. (2005). Sexual Fantasies of Adolescent

Male Sex Offenders in Residential Treatment: A Descriptive Study. Archives of Sexual

Behavior, 34(2), pp. 231-239.

Center for Sex Offender Management. (2000). Myths and Facts About Sex Offenders. Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved 7 Dec. 2006 at http://www.csom.org/pubs/mythsfacts.html.

chemical castration for sex offenders. Specifically it will discuss why chemical castration for sex offenders is necessary to control sex offenders in the general population, and how the "three strikes" laws need to be enhanced for sex offenders. Chemical castration is the ultimate solution for some sex offenders who cannot control their need to abuse others, and it may be the only way some offenders can actually live in communities and attempt to live productive lives outside of incarceration.
The recent series of sex crimes and murders in the news points to a severe problem with sex offenders on the loose and unmonitored by local police departments. Often, the general population does not know there is a sex offender living next door or down the street until it is too late. The problem is more widespread than many people know, and so, a workable solution to the problem needs to…...

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References

Thiessen, Del. "11 Hormonal Correlates of Sexual Aggression." Crime in Biological, Social, and Moral Contexts. Eds. Ellis, Lee and Harry Hoffman. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1990. 153-158.

Kincaid, James R. Erotic Innocence: The Culture of Child Molesting. Durham, England: Duke University Press, 1998.

Meisenkothen, Christopher. "Chemical Castration - Breaking the Cycle of Paraphiliac Recidivism." Social Justice 26.1 (1999): 139.

Russell, Stacy. "Castration of Repeat Sexual Offenders: An International Comparative Analysis." Houston Journal of International Law 19.2 (1997): 425-459.

Considering this, many have contended that once a priest's pedophilic drives have been revealed that "All minors are potential victims in [their] presence." (heeler, 2005). But this is analogous to saying that all women are in danger of having sexual relations with a heterosexual priest. Clearly, such an act is not necessarily a crime, as pedophilia is, but both opinions suggest that celibacy is impossible -- doubtlessly it is not.
So, the question is: can a pedophile be an honest and honorable priest? The answer most certainly is, yes. But it is also essential that if there is any evidence of sexual misconduct, whether by a priest or any other member of society, it must be reported to authorities; the "family" of the Church cannot avoid this obligation. Accordingly, the argument that, "Zero tolerance may be appropriate in cases where a serious crime is known to have been committed and…...

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Works Cited

The Boston Globe. Betrayal: the Crisis in the Catholic Church. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2002.

Breslin, Jimmy. The Church that Forgot Christ. New York: Free Press, 2004.

Curtis, Kim. "Oakland Priority Housing Sex Offender Priests Draw Neighborhood Ire." The Associated Press, April 11, 2005.

Dulles, Avery. "Rights of Accused Priests." American Society, Jun 21-Jun 28, 2004. Vol. 190, Iss. 20. pg. 19.

While it may seem like recidivism has a clear definition, there have actually been a number of different definitions of recidivism over time.  Generally, recidivism means reoffending after being released from a punishment or treatment program.  However, measures of recidivism cannot really account for all recidivism because recidivism is measured in various ways such as convictions for additional crimes, self-reporting rates, etc., but none of these measures is going to accurately capture all instances of recidivism.  One highly-researched area of recidivism is sex offenders and sex-based offenses.  Most lay people believe that sex offenders cannot be rehabilitated....