Human Services Case
The client in this case is Ms. Ann Schafer. Ms. Schaefer is an unemployed African-American female, 43 years of age, divorced, mother of three children.
Presenting Problem
The client is a single mother with three children who was recently evicted out of her one bed room apartment because she could not pay the rent. She is unemployed and now homeless. She has no contact with the father of her children and she receives no assistance or help financially or with the care of her children.
The following goals will be addressed:
The immediate goal is to assist the client with obtaining a temporary residence in order to get the client and her children off of the street. A longer-term goal would be to assist the client to find a stable residence that is affordable and adequate for her needs.
Immediately assist the client to obtain food and clothing for herself and her children.
Assist…...
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8. The client stated she wished to eventually find employment but she could not afford day care. There are a couple of alternatives that she can investigate. The client can investigate potential affordable day care providers via the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services ( Care/default.asp). Other potential day care options can be also be explored in this context.http://www.dfps.state.tx.us/Child_Care/Search_Texas_Child_
9. In line with the above recommendation, a future goal of the client will be to have her receive training in a career that can help her become independent in caring for herself and for her family. Counseling to help the client work toward permanent, full-time employment by evaluating the client's job skills and job history should be implemented. It will be important to also work with client to help her make connections with job training programs. This will require linking her to career counseling services, assisting her in locating permanent, full time job training and employment opportunities. It will also be important to help her to gain budgeting skills, credit counseling, and money management training. Thus, once she has been settled into a longer-term residence and has support and sufficient resources it will be important to begin to consider her future and provide her with vocational/career counseling in order to help her determine the most appropriate career course of action for her in the future and to provide her with training to be self sufficient.
10. Set up regular follow-up visits with the client to keep track on her progress and to provide support and guidance with future issues.
Abstract
Children in the 21st century have to confound with a fundamentally different cultural and social environment in the course of their growth and development—one of the most notable developments in the increase of single-father families. Single fathers are also, commonly, the legal guardians of their children. Various reasons lead to these situations. Some single parents may opt to be in such a state by choice. Others are forced into the situation by circumstances such as the loss of their partners or separation. It has also been observed that single parents commonly experience a range of challenges, including stress. Single parents face challenges that emanate from the sheer parenting responsibility. Other sources of stress could include but not limited to, financial obligations and coping with their situations. Children of single parents may find it hard to cope and maybe confused because the rules in one household may not be the same…...
Women's Issues: Poor Single Mothers
Poverty single Mothers
Women's Issues
Poor Single Mothers
Does Parker's 1971 definition of poverty still have relevance today? The purpose of this work is to discover the answer to this question as well as research the plight of single mothers in America today and explain the major economic and social problems that are faced by single mothers. Further this work will discuss the assistance available today that would have improved Parker's life in the decade of the seventies.
According to Parker, 1971 there is shame in being poor and poverty is to be viewed with anger and not pity. Poverty is "dirt," "being tired" states Parker who uses much small definition that poignantly catch the reader's attention. Parker reveals to the reader the vicious cycle of poverty. The facts concerning poverty are not the kind that are encouraging or inspiring and quite unfortunately the cycle described by Parker is real…...
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Bibliography:
Is There Such a Thing as an Absolute Poverty Line Over Time? Evidence from the United States, Britain, Canada, and Australia on the Income Elasticity of the Poverty [Online] available at: http://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty/papers/elassmiv.htm
Fisher, Gordon M. (1996) Relative or Absolute -- New Light on the Behavior of Poverty Lines Over Time Department of Health and Human Services [Online] available at: http://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty/papers/relabs.htm
Poverty Rate Among Single-Mother Families Remain Stagnant in Late 1990's despite Strong Economy (2001) Center on Budget and Policy Priorities 16 AUG 2001 [Online] available at: http://www.cbpp.org/8-16-01wel.pdf
Sherman, Arloc, et al. (2004) Employment Rates for Single Mothers Fell Substantially During Recent Period of Labor Market Weaknesss 22 June 2004 [Online] available at: http://www.cbpp.org/6-22-04ui.htm
The sample was taken from the first consecutive 141 families which entered the project. Although this may not influence the results, excluding mothers from that may do so. For example it was not made clear why 31 of those individuals' forms were missing data. Comparisons between the two groups did however seem to indicate that there may be demographic differences between those who finished the study and those who were discounted. This could therefore indicate selection bias in the results.
The study indicated that cumulative risk factors were greater predictors of permanent loss of custody than single individual risk factors. This was interesting as it indicates the importance of considering all risk factors together when assessing the family situation. There were however some other risk factors which were not included which may also have an impact on the outcome. For example although partner violence was evaluated, there was no measure…...
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References
Larrieu, J.A., Heller, S.S., Smyke, a.T. & Zeanah, C.H. (2008) Predictors of permanent loss of custody for mothers of infants and toddlers in foster care. Infant Mental Health Journal, 29(1): 48-60.
country currently allows single adults to adopt children. This may be less surprising than the fact that singles have been legally eligible to adopt since the first adoption laws were passed in the mid-nineteenth century. Indeed, the "spinster" who took in children was a staple of Victorian moral fiction and a recurrent figure inadoption narratives. A fair number of unmarried women (Jessie Taft was one) adopted children in the early decades of the twentieth century. They often raised children in pairs as well as alone, illustrating that the vast majority of adoptions by lesbians and gay men have been arranged as single parent adoptions, whether they actually were or not. But formal legal eligibility did not imply tolerance, let alone acceptance. ingles were viewed as less desirable parents than married couples. Men were considered far less desirable than women, if they were considered at all.
The number of families headed…...
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Systematic efforts to recruit single parents began only in the 1960s, initiated by advocates of the special needs revolution in adoption. These advocates insisted that children who were hard to place should have equal opportunities to grow up in families in spite of their mental or physical disabilities, advanced ages, minority or mixed-race status, or a combination of these factors. Many potential adopters, however, were looking for healthy white infants, and these private preferences slowed the practical progress of special needs adoptions, as did agency policies that favored or limited placements to infertile couples.
The first organized effort to enlist single parents was a program of the Los Angeles Bureau of Adoptions. In 1965, this public agency sought out single African-Americans in order to locate same-race parents for African-American children for whom married parents could not be found. Over the next two years, the agency placed a total of thirty-nine children with single mothers and one child with a single father, a fairly small number considering the hundreds of children in care. The Los Angeles Bureau of Adoptions also experimented with placing minority children with white married couples, an experience described in some detail by agency official Ethel E. Branham. For even the most daring agencies, however, transracial adoptions represented a partial solution to the urgent needs of children of color, especially as the controversy over placing black children in white families heated up in the late 1960s and early 1970s. According to Los Angeles Bureau director Walter A. Heath, two parents were preferable, "but one parent is better than none." By the time it revised its adoption standards in 1968, the Child Welfare League of America conceded that married parents were an unattainable luxury for some children. Single parent adoptions were permissible in "exceptional circumstances" where the child would not otherwise be adopted.
The story of single parent adoptions illustrates change as well as continuity in the history of adoption. That some adults previously considered ineligible or even entirely unfit for parenthood were eventually recognized as a positive resource for children attests to the democratization of adoption, which now includes many more kinds of people than it did in the past, at least in theory. At the same time, single parent adoptions prove that matching children and parents on a hierarchy of more and less desirable characteristics persists. Approximately one-third of children adopted from the public foster care system and one-quarter
132). hen women reported that their desire for greater social support was satisfied, the outcomes reported for their children improved dramatically.
The negative associations with single parenting thus have more to do with the circumstances that can give birth to single parenting, or are attached to single parenting because of the way our society is structured. In society, we have come to regard the nuclear family as the norm and single parents do not always have the multigenerational support that could give their children positive role models of both genders that they may have in previous eras. Single parents are more likely to be female, and females are traditionally underpaid for their labor. Additionally companies are not always willing to make accommodations for male or female single parent's need for flexible schedules. But the problem is not with single parenting; rather the problem is with how our society views parenthood in…...
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Works Cited
Burden, Dianne S. "Single Parents and the Work Setting: The Impact of Multiple Job and Homelife Responsibilities." Family Relations. Vol. 35. No. 1. The Single Parent Family. Jan., 1986. pp. 37-43
Hanson, Shirley M. "Single Parents and the Work Setting: The Impact of Multiple Job and Homelife Responsibilities." Family Relations. Vol. 35. No. 1. The Single Parent Family. Jan., 1986. pp. 125-132.
DeLeire, Thomas & Ariel Kalil. "Good things come in 3's: Single-parent multigenerational family structure and adolescent adjustment." Harris Graduate School of Public Policy Studies. Oct 2001. 4 Apr 2008. http://www.spc.uchicago.edu/prc/pdfs/deleir02.pdf
Whereas in 1963, 70% of all African-American families were headed by married couples, that rate had dipped to 46.1% by 1996. In 2001, the rate had increased to 47.9%, the first uptrend in 40 years (Kinnon, 2003). The rate of African-American crime and incarceration, which is closely linked to males from single-parent households, has also dipped since 1996.
Concerns about TANF and current welfare programs
While the statistics are compelling, there are a series of questions which have not been addressed by these welfare reforms. There are still about 50% of the former welfare population which has not been able to graduate from the welfare-poverty cycle, nor have they been able to find work. In states where the TANF provisions were enacted, including the 5-year limitation on welfare benefits, there has been a back-sliding on the part of state legislatures to extend welfare assistance for the "hard core" unemployed.
The effects on…...
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Bibliography
Bush, L. (2000). African-American Mothers/African-American Sons: A Critical Examination of the Social Science Literature. Western Journal of African-American Studies, 145-167.
Cherry, F. & . (1977). Physical and cognitive development in children of low-income mothers working in the child's early years. Child Development, 158-166.
Garfinkle, I. a. (1986). Single Mothers and their children: A new American dilemma. Washington: Urban Institute.
Haskins, R. (1989). Beyond metaphor: The efficacy of early childhood education. American Psychologist, 274-282.
Mothers -- Transitioning from elfare to Corporate America
elfare in the United States is both a complex and controversial subject. The issue focuses on several aspects of public policy: economics, cultural diversity, actualization, incentives, education/training, taxation and even the actual role of the government. e first begin this study with an overview of the idea of a state welfare system, its origins, development, purpose, and particularly view the manner in which the welfare system has changed since the Great Depression. It is then important to understand the implications of the 1988 Family Support Act (FSA) and the change in attitude and policy regarding welfare, and the newer focus on finding ways to train, retrain, or educate those on welfare so they can find gainful employment -- particularly those who move into the corporate world. Challenges, interventions, and potential outcomes are examined, among which looking at the juxtaposition between the fiscal…...
Galster, G. (Ed.). (1996). Reality and Research: Social Science and U.S. Urban Policy since 1960. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.
Gyamfi, P., Brooks-Gun, J., & Jackson, A. (2005). Moving Towards Work: The Effects of Employment Experiences on Welfare-Dependent Women and their Children. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 12(2-3), 39-62.
Mothers of Invention: Women of the Slaveholding South in the American Civil War" by Drew Gilpin Faust. Specifically, it will explain how the instabilities of the Civil War South forced southern white women to alter their behavior. What was the key issue they faced as white men were forced to go to the front? In what way did altered gender roles lead to altered clothing styles? What does clothing tell us about civil society? Southern women faced many difficulties during the Civil War. They had to take on new roles that did not fit their upbringing, and they had to make significant changes to the way they lived and worked. It was a difficult and demanding time for southern women, and some of them discovered themselves, while others discovered they were closer to their black slaves than they ever would have believed.
The South, being at a distinct disadvantage for…...
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References
Faust, Drew Gilpin. Mothers of Invention: Women of the Slaveholding South in the American Civil War. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.
The methods of committing neonaticide, infanticide, and filicide are as diverse as the women who commit the tragic crime. According to ouge-Maillart, Jousset, Gaudin, Bouju, and Penneau (2005), strangulation, head trauma, drowning, and suffocation were the four most frequent methods of filicide. However, in these researchers' study, some mothers used what they deem to be 'more active' methods. Five children died after being struck by their mothers' fists. Two women in the study used a firearm to shoot their children. Two died after being hit with a heavy object, by their mother -- one a monkey wrench the other a stone. One woman slit her 13-year-old's throat. In one case, a 3-year-old boy died by defenestration -- being thrown out of the window. Lastly, a 10-month-old died of starvation and dehydration, after being deprived of food and water for 10 days.
Krischer, Stone, Sevecke, and Steinmeyer's (2007) study uncovered…...
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References
Atwood, T. (Feb 2008). Comment: National Council for Adoption's response to the Texas Safe Haven Study. Child Maltreatment, 13(1). pp. 96-97.
Craig, M. (Feb 2004). Perinatal risk factors for neonaticide and infant homicide. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 97. pp. 57-61.
Friedman, S., Horwitz, S., & Resnick, P. (2005) Child murder by mothers. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162. pp. 1578-1587.
Kauppi, A. Kumpulainen, K. Vanamo, T. Merikanto, J and Karkola K. (2008)Maternal depression and filicide. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 11. pp. 201-206.
Children Learn Better in All Boys' or All Girls' Schools? Examining Potential Benefits of Single-Sex Education
Students are inundated with a wide number of distractions while in school. This often takes away from the success of their learning experience, and can result in lost opportunities, both academically and professionally. This has been the source of a great debate based on the concept of single-sex education in modern practice. This current research uses the Lock Model to explore the issue further. After reviewing the discourse, several conclusions can be made in regards to potential benefits of single-sex education combined with other factors like small class sizes and high teacher engagement.
esearch Question
The underlying research explores various factors in modern student experiences. It examines empirical studies, legal reviews, and previous contributions to the discourse. The underlying research question is: Do children learn better in a single-sex educational environment?
Data
The academic success of students in…...
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References
Hubbard, Lea & Datnow, Amanda. (2005). Do single-sex schools improve the education of low-income and minority students? An investigation of California's pubic single-gender academies. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 36(2), 115-131.
Jesus Came, the Corn Mothers Went way
In the book When Jesus Came, The Corn Mothers Went way, Ramon . Guttierez's thesis appears to be that there are various points-of-view, specifically in terms of the Spanish colonialization of New Mexico. The thesis also has a wider application in terms of the invasion of the United States by Europeans in general. In this, by focusing on a single group of natives and invaders, the author's thesis is that there are many viewpoints inherent in the colonializing process. Men, women, cultures and professions interact in ways unprecedented before the pioneering Europeans came to merica. This is the stated point of the book: to provide a global view of several viewpoints, with emphasis on that of the Pueblo Indians in response to their Spanish invaders.
With this in mind, one strength of the book is its focus on various points-of-view, but specifically on the…...
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A weakness of the book, however, is that its author seems unable or unwilling, even in the last decade of the 20th century, to acknowledge the efforts that have been made to rectify colonial wrongs. The author holds that there has been very little effort to provide a viewpoint that originates from the victims of invasion. He claims that authors focus on the conquests, strength, and spiritual purity of the European invaders while describing natives as little more than idol worshiping savages. Surely, by 1991, many authors have brought into their work a more understanding point-of-view. It also appears that the author focuses his claim of legitimacy on this fact; his book is claimed to be one of the first to provide a wider point-of-view, which includes the natives as more than savages. Perhaps an inherent weakness here is also the fact that it does not apply so strongly to a culture that has developed for 20 years since the time of publication. Currently, there is a definite trend towards rectifying history and considering all points-of-view.
Another weakness is the author's use of language. Despite his claim of including a universal view of the events that took place in New Mexico, the author has written a decidedly academic work. This means that the language is somewhat less accessible to the general public than it is to the academic community. Perhaps it would have been a more important work if the author had used a less academic tone.
In general, I liked the book. It certainly has merits in terms of providing a much more thorough history of the Pueblo Indians than had been the case before. I do like that the author focused his attention on a marginalized section of society, attempting to show a point-of-view that must have been completely alien to the Europeans at the time. From today's point-of-view, I admit that the author is not completely wrong in assuming that, even now, there remains a sense of prejudice against what we perceive as "the other." Maybe if more books like this appear, we can begin to acknowledge our common humanity before starting to focus on our differences.
After a literature review of existing studies on the subject, "we have clear indications that breast-feeding helps prevent an extra incident of gastrointestinal illness in some kids -- an unpleasant few days of diarrhea or vomiting, but rarely life-threatening in developed countries" noted Hana osin in a controversial article in The Atlantic (osin 2009). Despite graphic public advertisements that link breast-feeding with putting a child at great medical risk, the evidence is less certain than one might assume. Although breast-feeding has been credited with everything from improving babies' IQs to preventing obesity, the ability to prevent these conditions with breast-feeding remains uncertain, particularly when women's economic status is taken into consideration when evaluating the studies (osin 2009).
Cultural biases against trusting a woman to actively make choices about how they will be mothers may have more to do with the censure of women who choose to discount so-called common wisdom…...
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References
Baram, Marcus. (2006). Moms-to-be get mixed message about drinking. ABC News.
easily reduced to a single data point. This allows researchers to find the answers to their questions quickly and in direct relation to the research question. However, one of the key drawbacks to quantitative research is that it often does not allow for a detailed exploration or to explore the "human" side of the equation. Quantitative research gives quick and simple answers, but it does not always provide the best solution to the research problem. Qualitative research provides greater depth and insight into the problem at hand.
According to Creswell (2007), "we conduct qualitative research because a problem or issue needs to be explored" (pg. 39). esearchers embark on the exploration of a phenomenon because of a "need to study a group or population, identify variables that can be measured, or hear silenced voices" (2007, pg. 40). esearchers ask open-ended questions to allow the participants to tell their stories, and…...
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References
Creswell, J.W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Flyybjerg, B. (2006). "Five Misunderstandings About Case Study Research." Qualitative
Inquiry, vol. 12, no. 2, April, pp. 219-245.
Flyybjerg, B (2011). "Case Study," in Norman K. Denzin and Yvonna S. Lincoln, eds., The Sage
" (Gordon, 1990) Gordon also notes that if there were enough low-income housing there would still be the unaddressed needs of housing in terms of it being located near enough places of employment that women with children could work full-time employment schedules and as well housing would need to be geographically located near enough places of employment so that minority women in poverty who had no transportation could either take public transportation or walk to work. Gordon states that "policies not currently on the agenda of either poverty or women's right organizations, such as unemployment compensation reform, may be central to an agenda dealing with women's poverty." (1990)
The work of Alvi, Schwartz, DeKeseredy and achaus (2005) entitled: "Victimization and Attitudes Towards Women Abuse of Impoverished Minority Women" states that the links existing "between poor minority women's attitudes towards women abuse and their experiences of mistreatment have not been the subject…...
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Bibliography
Gordon, Linda (1990) Women, the State and Welfare. University of Wisconsin Press.
Alvi, Shahid, Schwartz, Martin D., Dekeseredy, Walter, and Bachaus, Jacqueline (2005) Victimization and Attitudes Towards Woman Abuse of Impoverished Minority Women. Western Criminology Review 6(1), 1-11 (2005).
1. Financial strain: Single parents often struggle to make ends meet as they are responsible for the sole financial support of their family. This can lead to stress, anxiety, and difficulty providing for their children's needs.
2. Lack of support: Single parents may feel isolated and overwhelmed by the demands of parenting without the support of a partner. They may also lack access to resources and services that could help them navigate parenting challenges.
3. Balancing work and caregiving responsibilities: Single parents often face challenges balancing their work responsibilities with their caregiving duties. This can lead to feelings of guilt and exhaustion,....
Navigating Single Motherhood for Black Women: Raising Sons in Contemporary Society Raising children as a single parent is a complex undertaking, especially for women of color. Single black women face unique challenges in navigating the complexities of childcare, economic disparities, and social stigmas while fostering the healthy development of their sons. Economic Challenges Financial instability is a significant hurdle for single black mothers. According to the National Urban League, black women earn only 63 cents for every dollar earned by white men. This income gap contributes to poverty, housing insecurity, and limited access to quality education and healthcare for their children. Single mothers....
Some of the social and financial challenges faced by single fathers in modern society include:
1. Societal stigma: Single fathers may face judgment and discrimination from others who believe that men should not have primary caregiving responsibilities. This stigma can lead to feelings of isolation and lack of support.
2. Balancing work and family responsibilities: Single fathers often struggle to balance the demands of their work and caregiving duties. This can lead to stress and burnout as they try to provide for their families while also being present and available for their children.
3. Financial strain: Single fathers may face financial challenges, as....
1. Prejudice and Discrimination: Single fathers often encounter societal stigma and discrimination. They may face assumptions about their parenting abilities, competence, and moral character. This prejudice can manifest in employment, housing, and social interactions.
2. Lack of Support Systems: Single fathers may lack traditional support systems available to mothers, such as family members, friends, and community resources. This can lead to feelings of isolation, stress, and difficulty coping with the demands of parenting alone.
3. Social Isolation: Single fathers may experience social isolation due to the limited opportunities for social connections and activities designed specifically for them. This can result in a lack of....
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