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Social Influence and Persuasion
Social influence is believed to occur when an individual's emotions, behaviors, or opinions are influenced by others'. Compliance, identification, internalization are the three broad varieties of social influence that have since been identified. Compliance occurs when people agree with others' opinions while keeping their dissenting opinions private. Identification is normally associated with very popular people like the celebrities. Such people easily influence people who believe in them. Internalization does happen when people, either publicly or privately, accept a belief or a behavior.
Social influence and persuasion are an integral tenet of communication. Persuasion is a form of social influence where audiences are intentionally encouraged to adopt an idea or a course of action through symbolic means. Activities that other people who stay around you engage are likely to determine how you behave. It is true that people differ from one another. However, some people have a…
References List
Fiske, S.T. (2009). Social Beings: Core Motives in Social Psychology. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Vaughan, G. & Hogg, M.A. (2005). Introduction to Social Psychology. Brisbane: Pearson
Education Australia.
Social Influence Theory Marketing
Message/Description for Real Miracle of Nature' "Little Siva"
on the Facebook and other social media pages:
For centuries, the people of India have used the nuts and flowers of the Sapindus tree as a universal washing detergent. This tree has amazing powers and produces a substance to help it keep insects away called saponin. This fully biodegradable and 100% natural soap can be found exclusively in the flowers and nut shells. This Real Miracle of Nature?
offers you a detergent that is 100% natural. hen the nut shell is in contact with the water, it releases a soapy liquid that makes little foam. The saponin is a surfactant (detergent) that removes grease and cleans and protects your skin. hen the nut shell is in contact with the water, it releases a soapy liquid that makes little foam. The saponin is a surfactant (detergent) that removes grease…
Works Cited
Dholakia, Utpal M., Bagozzi, Richard P., & Pearo, Lisa Klein. (2004). A social influence model of consumer participation in network- and small-group-
based virtual communities. International Journal of Research in Marketing,
Social Influences on Behaviour
Social Influences on Behavior
Free-iding
Groupthink
People differ in their views and actions when they are responsible for them and when not. Particularly speaking in the context of society and group, people tend to adopt the most favorable behavior so that they are cherished for success and not blamed for failure. The psychological behavior changes from situation to situation.
Social Influences on Behavior
There is a famous saying man is a social animal. This saying is as true today as it was decades ago. This saying depicts complete psychological pattern of human being that they want to mix up with their fellow beings. They enjoy the company of their fellow beings and tend to learn from each other.
There is another famous saying birds of a feather flock together. This proverb shows another characteristic of human beings' psychology that they enjoy the company of those human…
References
Hellriegel, D. And Slocum, J. (2007). Organizational Behavior. USA: Cengage Learning
Martin, J. (2005). Organizational Behavior and Management. USA: Cengage Learning
Northouse, P. (2009). Leadership Theory and Practice. USA: SAGE
Sanderson, C. (2009). Social Psychology. USA: John Wiley & Sons.
Example
The same group of competitive students, after college acceptance letters have been mailed, goes together on a senior trip, for one last time.
A a.
Social facilitation: Students are on their best behavior for the period before the trip, because they know that any infraction may result in its cancellation, which will injure the entire group.
A b.
Co-actors: The student senior class as a whole feels a sense of unity, because it is their last event together.
A c.
Social loafing: Students go on the trip, which is expensive and required many fundraising efforts, who did not participate in those efforts, but no one rebukes them because they are seniors.
A d.
Groupthink: All students feel sentimental about leaving school, because everyone is crying and acting nostalgic, even students who disliked the school.
A e.
Attribution: Students feel a sense of 'class togetherness' because they are commonly labeled…
Works Cited
Epstein, Sam. (2006) "College Admissions Rates Decline, Admissions More
Competitive." College Admissions Guide, College Search Advice. Retrieved 5 Nov 2006 at http://college-search-and-colleges.blogspot.com/2006/05/college-acceptance-rates-decline.html
Peer pressure can also have its positive effects on teenagers. Just as teenagers can be influence by their peers to engage in high-risk and unhealthy behaviors, they can also be influenced to make positive choices. Positive choices can include joining a volunteer project, getting good grades because their social group values good grades, trying out for sports, joining academic clubs, artist interests, and overall encouragement to succeed ("Peer pressure: it's," 2011). Social influence is a successful tool to promote positive behaviors.
The negative impacts of social influence, especially among teenagers, are more widely studied by psychologists and sociologists and their findings generally create more media attention. As teenagers strive for acceptance from their peers, it is understandable while teenagers would give in to the "pressure" to conform. For the majority of teenagers, fitting in means doing what the group is doing, whether it is smoking cigarettes, taking drugs, bullying, hazing,…
References
Caildini, R, & Trost, M. (1998). Social influence: social norms, conformity, and compliance. In D. Gilber (Ed.), The Handbook of Social Psychology (pp. 151-181). New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc.
Hirshleifer, D. (1995). The blind leading the blind: social influence, fads and informational cascades. In k Ierulli (Ed.), New Economics of Human Behaviour (pp. 188-215). Cambridge University Press.
Morgan, M, & Grube, J. (1991). Closeness and peer group influence. British Journal of Social
Psychology, 30, 159-169.
The study also asked whether people would develop paranormal beliefs more readily if those in a higher life status than themselves would promote such beliefs.
Social influence refers to changes in feelings, beliefs, values or behaviors that result from the actions of others. Examples of influenced behaviors may include: following orders at work (obedience to authority), dressing like one's peers (conformity to a group), and convincing a friend to change her vote in an upcoming election (persuasion) (Thye, 2002)."
The research study found that most people have developed some belief in a paranormal existence. It further discovered that many of those beliefs were strengthened because of social influence.
Social influence is also used in marketing. When the marketing department of certain products or services are able to convince potential customers that everyone else believes in their particular product or service it is easier to sell the product to the new…
References
Abernathy, Thomas J.(1993) Predicting cigarette smoking among adolescents using cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches. Journal of School Health
Hasenauer, Heike (2004) Righting the wrongs of Abu Ghraib: in January 2004 a concerned military police Soldier at a prison near Baghdad reported what he believed to be a pattern of inappropriate behavior by his fellow MPs. Soldiers Magazine
Paynton, Carolyn F. (1995) the effects of status cues on choices of social power and influence strategies. The Journal of Social Psychology
Thye, Shane R. (2002) Social influence and the power of the pyramid.
Social Influence Can Undermine the Wisdom of Crowd Effect" by Lorenz and colleagues (2010) demonstrates how social context can really have a strong influence on the way in which social groups can sway the way in which conflict is perceived. This article demonstrates how even the mildest social influence can undermine the wisdom of a crowd in simple estimation activities (Lorenz et al., 2010). In this experiment, participants were given the option of reconsidering their responses to certain factual questions after they were given the general consensus of the responses of their peers (Lorenz et al., 2010). The researchers would then compare the convergence of estimates of each subject with the improvements in overall accuracy over a period of time in comparison with control conditions where no other info was provided (Lorenz et al., 2010). Ultimately, what the researchers found was that "Although groups are initially 'wise,' knowledge about estimates…
References
Deutsch, M., Coleman, P., & Marcus, E. (2011). he Handbook of Conflict Resolution: Theory and Practice. San Francisco: John Wiley and Sons.
Dickman, A. (2010). Complexities of conflict: the importance of considering social factors for effectively resolving human -- wildlife conflict. Animal Conservation, 458 -- 466.
Lorenza, J., Rauhutb, H., Schweitzera, H., & Helbingb, D. (2010, June 23). How social influence can undermine the wisdom of crowd effect. Retrieved from PNAS.org: http://www.pnas.org/content/108/22/9020.full
Social influence is the way in which one or more people alter the attitudes or the behavior of others the mere presence of others can change our behavior, as illustrated by the results from studies in which research participants perform some task either alone or in the presence of others. Typically, people in groups perform better (social facilitation), but sometimes their performance is worse in a group or with an audience. One attempt to reconcile these divergent findings proposes that the presence of others increases arousal and strengthens highly dominant responses. If the dominant response is the correct one, performance will be facilitated. If the dominant response is incorrect, performance will be hindered.
Another form of social influence is conformity. Studies indicate that we sometimes conform because we believe the group to be right or to have information we don't possess. Members often conform to group opinions even though they…
Need for affiliation (acknowledgment, validation)
Social influence as obedience to authority is where a person or a group obeys the direct commands or orders of an authority (person or institution) -- a matter of compliance with the orders of another person or group of people. There is not only a personal need to agree with others but strong pressure exerted by the group on any person with different opinions to comply with the majority. Promises, arguments, and threats are used to get agreement. If someone steadfastly refuses to agree with the group, he/she is frequently rejected and ignored. Usually the more deviant group members (those taking an extreme position) and the entire group move in the direction favored by the majority. This has become known as group polarization (Deaux & Wrightsman, 1984). It can be thought of as a "jump on the band wagon" effect or "go along with the majority" effect. However, we do not yet know under what conditions private opinions are actually changed, if they are, in these more complex situations. Perhaps as we learn more about a certain opinion and argue for it, we come to believe it more. Perhaps we just don't want to make waves. Perhaps we "know which side of our bread is buttered." It's all compliance. There are other specific conditions in which we tend to comply with direct requests. For instance, once we have granted one request, we are more likely to comply with another request. So a salesperson will make a small request first: "May I ask you a few questions?" And "May we sit down?" Finally, "May I order you one?" This is called the "foot in the door" technique. Another approach is the "door in the face" technique: first, someone makes a very large request of you and you say "no" (that's the door in the face). They graciously accept your refusal and then a few days or weeks later the same person approaches you with a much more modest request. You are more likely to comply this time than if you had never been approached.
Stanley Milgram's observations on obedience to authority have exerted a great deal of influence on such diverse disciplines as social psychology, holocaust studies, and political science. According to Milgram, the essence of obedience consists in the fact that a person comes to view himself as the instrument for carrying out another person's wishes, and he therefore no longer sees himself as responsible for his actions. Once this critical shift of viewpoint has occurred in the person, all of the essential features of obedience follow.
Cultural and Social Influence of Neoclassical Artist (Antonio Canova)
Antonio Canova
Culture and social influence of the Neoclassical artists
Antonio Canova's life was mainly of sculptor because his father, Pietro Canova, was a stonecutter of Possagno. His became brought up with his grandfather, Pasino Canova (1714-94), who was a mediocre sculptor specializing in altars with low reliefs and statues in late Baroque style such as Crespano. In 1770 Antonio became an apprenticed of the sculptor Giuseppe Bernardi in Pagnano, in Asolo, and in Venice. After the death of Bernardi, he decided to work in the studio of the sculptor Giovanni Ferrari (1744 -- 1826) for a few months. While in Venice, Antonia got a chance to study the nude at the Accademia and the plaster casts of famous antique sculptures in the collection of Filippo Farsetti. This is where his first independent work was placed (two Baskets of Fruit).
Antonio…
References
Copplestone, T. And B. Myers, eds.The History of Art: Architecture, Painting, Sculpture. 5th ed. London: Hamlyn, (1996).
Craske, Matthew. Art in Europe 1700-1830: A History of the Visual Arts in an Era of Unprecedented Urban Economic Growth. Oxford: Oxford University Press.(1997)
Honour, H.Neoclassicism. London: Pelican Books. (1968).
Kleiner, F.S. Gardner's Art Through the Ages: A Global History. 13th ed. Boston, MA: Thomson Wadsworth. (2009).
Group Social Influence
Group Orientation and Social Influence
Human behaviors are not always guided by personal feelings or internal urges. To the contrary, human behavior is inextricably linked to the context with in which it is committed. In other words, we often behave according to certain standards, norms, expectations and ideals that have originated outside of us and typically in broader systems like families, cultural identities, communities, ethnicities and nationalities. These social systems are often directly at the root of behavioral patterns and tendencies, and may help us to explain human behaviors as they occur en masse.
In the field of behavioral psychology, B.F. Skinner stands above others for the insight which he would provide on the relationship between individual behaviors and their broader social contexts. B.F. Skinner's ideas regarding operant behavior are crucial to understanding the way that group orientation causes individuals to behave. Human beings, Skinner would surmise,…
Works Cited:
Boeree, C. George. (2006). B.F. Skinner. Shippensburg University.
Janis, I. (2003). Groupthink. Group and Public Communication: McGraw-Hill.
Lahey, Benjamin B. (2007). Psychology, introduction (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
In terms of the plainness of gendered inequalities in the health and longevity of women, compared with men, the majority world demands our notice. The world-wide toll in terms of women's raised levels of mortality and morbidity corroborates that limited or negligible access to political power, land-ownership, education, sexual self-determination and earning ability has detrimental bodily effects (Bradby, 2009).
While sociologists have long studied the aspect of illness, it has only been recently that they have turned their attention to the development of sociology of health. Sociologists' interest in health emerged in part in reaction to the biomedical mode, which focused primarily on disease. A more holistic approach to health and healing, sociologists argued, must also encompass the idea of positive health and well-being. The concept of health itself needs to be explored, and such exploration must take lay perspectives into account. A holistic, or socio-environmental, model of health also…
References
Albrecht, Gary L., Fitzpatrick, Ray and Scrimshaw, Susan. 2003. "Handbook of Social Studies
in Health and Medicine." Sage Publications: California.
Bradby, Hannah. 2009. "Virtual Special Issue on feminism and the sociology of gender, health and illness." Sociology of Health and Wellness. Available at:
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/shil_enhanced/virtual2_full.asp
Business
Economic, Political, Legal and Social Influences on McDonalds
McDonalds is a well-known fast food chain which is impacted by a wide range of macro environmental influences. To remain successful it is necessary for the firm to be able to adjust and adapt to these changes. Some of the most important factors include economic, political, legal and social issues. The aim of this paper is to assess the way in which these factors may impact on the firm and assess the way that the firm has responded and may respond in the future.
key influence within the global economy which has impacted on many firms has been the recession. The general pattern seen in economies during a recession is a decrease in income leading to an aggregate decrease in demand (Nellis and Parker, 2006). The goods and services which are most sensitive to a decrease in demand are the non-essential…
A key influence within the global economy which has impacted on many firms has been the recession. The general pattern seen in economies during a recession is a decrease in income leading to an aggregate decrease in demand (Nellis and Parker, 2006). The goods and services which are most sensitive to a decrease in demand are the non-essential goods and services bought out of discretionary spending (Nellis and Parker, 2006). McDonald's food is convenience and is not essential, so it is susceptible to a decrease in demand. The firm did see a decrease in some sales in some areas following the start of the recession. The overall results for the firm demonstrated a decreased by 3.3% in 2009, when the turnover fell to $22,745 million compared to $23,522 million in 2008 (McDonalds, 2010). However, the firm showed a smaller decrease compared to many other fast food firms and also managed to recover with a range of strategies.
The menu was adapted and the firm introduced a specific menu selection for the budget conscious; in the U.S. this was the dollar saver menu, in the UK it was the pound saver menu. This included a number of existing items highlighted as well as small specific items introduced, such as the Chicken Mayo in the UK. The firm has also tapped into the provision of alternate products competing with firms that traditionally had higher prices, benefiting from the downshifting of spending. This has included increased ranges of gourmet coffee to provide a lower cost alterative to Starbucks (Newsweek, 2010). There has also be the introduction of other premium drinks, such as smoothies, which is also credited with helping to increase sales by up to 15% in the U.S. (New York Post, 2011). This extension into related goods, which fit in with the menu, but may be seen as a value offering compared to other market suppliers appears to be a very successful strategy which may be extended. As the economy improves and more income is available this may also be a strategy which may also be used to increase the range at the upper end of the menu range.
There are also political influences. A major influence is value added tax, (VAT), a sales tax added by government, In the UK this was recently increased to 20%, which effectively increased the price of products. Many of the measures dealing with the economic issues will be useful here; due to the influence tax has on price. However the firm may also face an interest choice in the future; in a recent European case brought by a German fast food burger seller saw a ruling which stated that VAT should not be paid on food sold for immediate consumption (Bridge, 2011). So far governments, including the UK government have not made any changes, in the UK the government claims this would not have any impact, but it appears that the firm,
Social Psychology: Examining the Principles of Persuasion Influencing Group Behavior
Introduction & Outline of the
esearch Evaluation
Concepts of Social Psychology
Attitudes and Persuasion
Social Identity Theory
Social Influences
Cultural and Gender Influences
Social Psychology: Examining the Principles of Persuasion Influencing Group Behavior
Introduction & Outline of the Essay
Social psychology deals with different aspects of social life and social behavior. People not only have feelings and opinions about nearly everything they come into contact with, but the argument has been made that we need to have these feelings and opinions. The current essay is aimed at exploring the principles of persuasion influencing group behavior. The foundation for this essay is text book "Social Psychology" by Myers (2010) which discusses the attitude theory and persuasion, reviewing how attitudes are structured and how this structure influences their susceptibility to change
The essay is divided into four sections. In the first section…
References
Baker, David P. And Deborah Perkins Jones. 1993. "Creating Gender Equality: Cross-national Gender Stratification and Mathematical Performance." Sociology of Education 66:91-103.
Bassili, J.N. (2008). Attitude strength. In W.D. Crano & R. Prislin, (Eds.), Attitudes and attitude change, Frontiers of social psychology. New York, NY; Psychology Press, pp. 261-286.
Cialdini, R.B. 2001. Influence: Science and Practice. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Eagly, A.H. & Chaiken, S. (1993) The Psychology of Attitudes. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
The reason for this is that the phenomenon generally occurs within groups. Individuals who function in a group often do so differently than when left upon their own. To conduct the study, one individual and one group of people should be observed in two separate rooms.
The individual will be able to observe the group by means of a one-way window. The group will be unaware of the individual. All the group members except one were told to clap their hands in unison when a piece of rhythmic music begins to play. The individual in the adjacent room will observe this behavior as well as be able to hear the music.
As soon as the music begins to play, it is hypothesized that the person without prior coaching will be initially surprised. The other group members will overtly or covertly stare at the person or encourage him or her to…
References
ChangingMinds.org. (2010). Normative Social Influence. Retrieved from http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/normative_social_influence.htm
Lord, Kenneth R., Myung-Soo Lee, Peggy Choong (2001), "DIFFERENCES in NORMATIVE and INFORMATIONAL SOCIAL INFLUENCE," in Advances in Consumer Research Volume 28, eds. Mary C. Gilly and Joan Meyers-Levy, Valdosta, GA: Association for Consumer Research, Pages: 280-285.
McLeod, S.A. (2007) Simply Psychology [Online] UK: Available: http://www.simplypsychology.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk / Accessed: March 15, 2010
Social Commerce in Saudi Arabia: How the Social Media Affect the E-Commerce in Saudi Arabia
SOCIAL COMMECE IN SAUDI AABIA
Conceptual Framework Model
Social Media
Psychological Aspect and Theories
Administration
Digital Divide in Saudi Arabia
Ethos, eligious conviction, and Government in E-commerce Adoption
The ise of the P Industry in Saudi Arabia
Conceptual Model and esearch Hypothesis (Drawing)
esearch Contribution
Social Commerce in Saudi Arabia
Modern Saudi Arabia today actually represents an exceptional and convergent mixture of social conservatism and technological ability, a wonderful alteration from a remote, desert land that it was just something like 50 years ago. As social media is turning out to be increasingly prevalent in Saudi Arabia, online marketers are starting capitalizing in methods that service social media and include online customers. In Saudi Arabia Online marketers' adoption of new online marking trends is being prompted by discoveries that show individuals are spending great amounts…
References:
Anderson, M. (2013). Turning "like" to "Buy" Social Media Emerges as a Commerce Channel. Booz & Company, 23-56.
Assad, S.W. (2009). The rise of consumerism in saudi arabian society. International Journal of Commerce & Management,, 73-104.
Bahaddad, A.A. (2013). Attracting customer in saudi arabia to buy from your business online. . International Journal of Business and Management, 65-81.
Brock, C. (2014). F-COMMERCE AND THE CRUCIAL ROLE OF TRUST. Online Communities and Digital Collaborations, 1-11.
Thus, this aspect can multiply into many sub-genres that focus on one or more aspects of the social world as they contribute to influencing behaviors and innate thought processes. Focusing on the social means looking for more abstract concepts that relate to existence within a social world. Actually trying to predict later success in publication, "Predicting the future success of junior scholars is of great concern to academic hiring committees," (Haslam & Lamb 2009:144). Yet it is based within two correlating variables that can then be compared, "It is therefore reasonable to predict that publication success during graduate school may be associated with publication success later in people's academic careers," (Haslam & Lamb 2009:144). Although the subject is socially constructed, the method of analysis is still quantitatively measured. Even this study shows quantitative measurement use- using mathematical prediction models in analysis of data (Haslam & Lamb 2009). egression analysis, common…
References
Haslam, Nick & Laham, Simon M. (2009). Ten years on: does graduate student promise predict later scientific achievement? Current Research in Social Psychology. 14(10):143-147.
Kearl, Michael C. (2009). Social psychology. Trinity University. Retrieved 28, October 2009 at http://trinity.edu/~mkearl/socpsy.html
New York University (2009). Infants able to identify humans as source of speech. Science Daily. Retrieved October 28, 2009 at http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/10/091019162919.htm
Smith, Eliot R. & Mackie, Diane M. (1999). Social Psychology. Routledge Press.
(the Teacher's role in developing social skills)
ole of Workplaces:
espectable work is seen as a social standard based on harmonizing and mutually collaborative policies to advance rights at work; employment; social protection and social dialogue. It tackles a basic ambition of women and men everywhere, that is, to get respectable and productive work in situations of freedom, equality, security and dignity of human labor. This ambition stresses a collective attempt by many bodies, namely, by international organizations, national governments, business and workers, and by all the social bodies in civil society. It needs all mediators of change to be involved in pioneering economic and social initiatives, customized to particular national and local needs. It specifically calls for new working relationships and dialogue between the conventional social partners in the sphere of work which includes governments, organizations of employers and trade unions and other associations of civil society, which have…
References
Jacobs, Garry; Cleveland, Harlan. (1 November, 1999) "Social Development Theory" retrieved at http://www.icpd.org/development_theory/SocialDevTheory.htm . Accessed on 26 February 2005
Keirsey, David. (1998) "Parenting and Temperament" retrieved at http://keirsey.com/parent.html . Accessed on 26 February 2005
Lavoie, Rick. "The Teacher's role in developing social skills" Retrieved at http://www.ldonline.org/article.php?max=20&special_grouping=&id=400&loc=22Accessed on 27 February 2005
Moore, Shirley. G. "The Role of Parents in the Development of Peer Group Competence" ERIC Digest. Retrieved at http://www.fww.org/articles/misc/0628e.html. Accessed on 26 February 2005
Ancient ome openly accepted male-to-female transsexuals, allowing them to assume female identities without negative social repercussions, obviously long before the science existed for them to have gender-reassignment surgery (eitz, 1998). Modern Indian society has Hijiras, transsexuals that, while not always treated with respect, are accorded their own gender identity and not relegated to male or female (eitz, 1998). The Dine/Navajos recognized three sexes: male, female, and Nadles. The Nadles could be intersexed people or transsexual people of either gender (eitz, 1998). The Sioux referred to transsexuals as Winkte, and allowed them to completely assume their preferred gender. "Physical females lived as male warriors, and had wives, while physical males lived their lives completely as women. In Sioux society no special magic was associated with this, it was just considered a way of correcting a mistake of nature" (eitz, 1998). What these examples make clear is that, in a different society,…
References
NNDB. (2010). David Reimer. Retrieved February 23, 2010 from NNDB
Website: http://www.nndb.com/people/746/000047605/
Peirce, K. (1999). Boys Don't Cry. Fox Searchlight Films.
Reitz, J.D. (1998). What is transsexuality? Retrieved February 23, 2010 from Transsexuality.org Website: http://www.transsexual.org/What.html
social science indentified as social psychology studies the influences that affect how individuals in a society interact with one another (Kenrick, 2006). In doing so, it applies scientific methods to measure how a variety of different factors such as group behavior, social perception, leadership, conformity, aggression and prejudice serve to affect how members of society relate to each other. In doing so, social psychologists examine the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of both the individuals and groups who incorporate society. They also measure the effect that culture factors such as advertising, television, literature, and the movies contribute to these interactions.
Through the study of social psychology experts in the field use empirical methods in an attempt to explain why people organize themselves in groups, make decisions, behave in deviant ways, and form dating relationships. The field of social psychology has adopted a number of approaches to study in this area but…
References
Abelson, R.P. (2003). Experiments with People: Revelations from Social Psychology. London: Psychology Press.
Kenrick, D.T. (2006). Social Psychology: Goals in Interaction. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Ally & Bacon, Inc.
Oishi, S. (2009). Sociology: A Lost Connection in Social Psychology. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 334-353.
social psychology
Travis Hirschi's Social Bonding Theory
The theorist, Hirschi, asserts that those who exhibit deviant behavior desire to do so and that criminal behavior is seen among people with weak social bonds. In his social bonding model, he delineated four elements which make up social bonds, namely, attachment to partner/spouse, engagement in conforming behaviors, holding conventional beliefs and values, and dedication to conventionality (Wolfzorn, Heckert & Heckert, 2006). The theorist indicates that with increased attachment of a person to fellow human beings, their belief in conformist social values will increase. Furthermore, with increased investment and involvement in conventional activity, their propensity to deviate will decrease (Chriss, 2007).
Four Elements of Social Bonding Theory
Social bonding has four elements, namely: attachment, involvement, belief, and commitment.
The first component -- attachment -- denotes individuals' ties to their spouses or partners, and other members of the family. This aspect encompasses the extent of…
.....starting point for research, I am selecting Scenario Two: Police Interrogations and False Confessions. The reason why I am selecting scenario two is that I have some degree of familiarity with the subject, and am fascinated by the ways people behave under pressure from authority figures, particularly law enforcement. I am also interested in scenario three related to the psychological aspects of disaster preparedness, but am more interested and concerned with criminal justice generally. Therefore, I narrowed down my selection of the scenarios mainly because of personal interest and curiosity about the subject matter, which motivates my desire to conduct the research necessary to write a proposal and complete the report.
Scenario Two described involving false confessions raises several points about the ethics of criminal justice, and how officers lie in order to extract information from suspects or witnesses. That information should not be admissible in court but sometimes is…
Rosewood is a film particularly suitable and interesting for the application of social psychology. It concerns the story of a black community in early 20th-century Florida. The community was rather a-typical of the time, since black people were wealthy landowners. The neighboring company town of Sumner on the other hand, was occupied by poor white people, who were jealous of the wealth they observed in Rosewood. This setting provides a backdrop for social psychological analysis concerning ingroups and outgroups, and how racism leads to escalating tension.
Prejudice and Racism
Prejudice, according to rehm, Kassin & Fein (147), can be unintentional. It also means the stereotyping of a certain group of people on the irrational grounds of a perceived threat, exacerbated by the fact that little personal information is available about the target of prejudice. In the film, prejudice against black people is a paradigm of the historical time. The likelihood…
Bibliography
Brehm, Sharon S., Kassin, Saul M. And Fein, Stephen. Social Psychology. 5th Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2002.
Singleton, John. Rosewood, 1997.
Group Influence:
Groups or teams in a workplace play a crucial role in promoting and enhancing the ability of an organization or company to accomplish its desired objectives. In most cases, the groups are usually structured in different ways depending on various factors such as the number of people in the team, the established objectives, and the duration for the accomplishment of these objectives. Moreover, the structure and purpose of the team is influenced by the type of organization where they are formed i.e. either profit or non-profit organizations. An example of a departmental meeting at a workplace is the marketing team meeting at The TYPO3 Universe Company. The firm provides highly flexible, customizable, and scalable products for Web Content Management. The marketing team or group meeting is vital because of the significance of this department in promoting the firm's productivity.
Observation of the Marketing Team Meeting:
As previously mentioned,…
References:
Cialdini, R.B. & Trost, M.R. (1998). Chapter Twenty-One: Social Influence: Social Norms,
Conformity, and Compliance. Retrieved July 28, 2014, from http://www.communicationcache.com/uploads/1/0/8/8/10887248/social_influence_-_social_norms_conformity_and_compliance_1998.pdf
Ende, B.V. (2013, July 19). Marketing Team Meeting July 2013. Retrieved July 28, 2014, from http://typo3.org/news/article/marketing-team-meeting-july-2013/
Friedkin, N.E. (2001). Norm Formation in Social Influence Networks. Social Networks, 23, 167-
Frozen Fluidity
The transfer model of learning, when taken to its extreme, assumes the act of teaching implies that learning occurs (Schraube & Marvakis, 2015). From this perspective, as long as the teacher teaches, the student will learn. The flow of knowledge is therefore unidirectional. More contemporary theories of learning account for an individual student's motivation, willingness, and ability to learn, while other models incorporate reciprocal interactions between teacher and student. When the student seeks to expand their influence over their lives, through a process called expansive learning, society necessarily influences the learning choices made by the student because expanding one's influence over their life requires consideration of cultural and social expectations. Learning can therefore be a mechanism through which a person increases their ability to make cultural and social contributions, which in turn increases their value to society and thus security. The expansive learning process, according to Schraube and…
References
Brockmeier, J. (2002). Remembering and forgetting: Narrative as cultural memory. Culture & Psychology, 8(1), 14-43.
Schraube, E. & Marvakis, A. (2015, in press). Chapter 11: Frozen fluidity: Digital technology and the transformation of students' learning and conduct of everyday life. In E. Schraube & C. Hojholt (Eds.), Psychology and the Conduct of Everyday Life (pp. 1-19). London: Routledge.
Social psychology is a very broad field that takes in the many varieties of group dynamics, perceptions and interactions. Its origins date back to the late-19th Century, but it really became a major field during and after the Second orld ar, in order to explain phenomena like aggression, obedience, stereotypes, mass propaganda, conformity, and attribution of positive or negative characteristics to other groups. Among the most famous social psychological studies are the obedience experiments of Stanley Milgram and the groupthink research of Irving Janus (Feenstra Chapter 1). Authority figures are very important in influencing the behavior and attitudes of groups, as advertising pioneers like Edward Bernays and Nazi propagandists like Josef Goebbels realized early in the 20th Century. Human beings naturally categorize others into groups, and attribute values, attitudes and stereotypes to them, while they also tend to favor members of their own group (Feenstra Chapter 2). Social psychologists have…
WORKS CITED
Arendt, Hannah. Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil. Penguin Books, 2006.
Cooper, S. "A Closer Look at Racial Profiling" in S.J. Muffler (ed). Racial Profiling: Issues, Data and Analyses. Nova Science Publishers, pp. 25-30, 2006.
Ewen, Stuart. PR!: A Social History of Spin. NY: Basic Books, 1996.
Feenstra, Jennifer. Introduction to Social Psychology. Bridegeport Education, Inc., 2011.
I have had friends that I've known since I was in grade school. Our initial interaction occurred because of our attraction toward one another. We had so many things in common, such as the same favorite television shows and the same favorite sports. Our proximity to one another also aided in the development of this attraction toward one another. We all lived on the same block and therefore had more opportunities to interact with one another outside of the school setting.
Although physical attractiveness did not necessarily influence our friendship, according to Myers (2012), it is usually the first step in any sort of relationship, even those that are platonic in nature. The theory of physical attractiveness is based on research conducted that tends to suggest that people who are viewed as being more physically attractive are seen as being more approachable (Myers, 2012). My relationship with my friends can…
References:
David, M. (2012). Social psychology. (11 ed.). New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Social, Cultural, And Political Influence in Healthcare Delivery
Social, cultural, and political inequalities are detrimental to the health and healthcare system of the U.S. This is because the U.S. is one of the most multicultural, overpopulated, diverse and undergoing rapid economic growth. The federal government has embarked on efforts geared at addressing unsustainable costs of health care in the U.S. With the leadership of the current president, Barrack Obama, initiatives of containing health care costs will evaluate and explore strategies to contain the growing costs of health care based on a system-wide while enhancing the value and quality of health care (Ubokudom, 2012). The apparent system of health care is rife with opportunities of minimizing waste, delivering coordinated, effective care, and improving well-being and health of all Americans. The government in collaboration with care providers must prioritize cost effective containment strategies with the greatest possibility for political success and non-partisan…
References
Albrecht, G.L., Fitzpatrick, R., & Scrimshaw, S. (2013). Handbook of social studies in health and medicine. London: Sage Publications.
Armstrong, E.G. (2011). The health care dilemma: A comparison of health care systems in three European countries and the U.S. Singapore: World Scientific.
Bale, J.R., Stoll, B.J., & Lucas, A.O. (2013). Improving birth outcomes: Meeting the challenge in the developing world. Washington, DC: National academies press.
Buseh, A.G. (2008). Empowering resilience: Improving health care delivery in war-impacted African countries: a case study of Liberia. Lanham, Md: University Press of America.
Social Network and Its Effects on the Developing Brain
The enhancing quantity of time kids are investing on computer systems in their home and institution has actually raised concerns about how using computer innovation might make a distinction in their lives-- from assisting with research to triggering depression to motivating terrible habits. This short article offers a review of the restricted study on the impacts of personal computer use on kids' physical development. Preliminary study recommends, for instance, that access to computer systems enhances the overall quantity of time kids invest in front of a TV or computer screen at the expenditure of other individual tasks, therefore putting them at danger for excessive weight. At the exact same time, intellectual study recommends that playing video game can be an essential foundation to computer proficiency due to the fact that it boosts kids' capability to check out and picture images in…
References
Deadwyler, S.A. (2008) 'Systemic and nasal delivery of Orexin -- A (Hypocretin-1) reduces the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance in nonhuman primates', Journal of Neuroscience, 27 (52): 14239 -- 47.
Linn, S. And Poussaint, A.F. (1999). The Trouble With Teletubbies. The American prospect. May 1, 1999. June.
Sigman, A. (2007a) Remotely Controlled: How Television Is Damaging Our Lives, Vermilion, London
Sigman, A. (2007b) 'Visual voodoo: the biological impact of watching television', The Biologist, 54 (1): 14 -- 19
Social Media etailing Applications: Opportunities and Threats
How Has Social Media Developed and What are the Benefits and Downsides of Using Social Media for etailers Today?
This study examines social business in general, how it developed and the benefits of using social media in particular. Second, this study provides a discussion concerning the potential positive as well as the effects of social business in the retail sector which is followed by a description of optimal business strategies for social media applications, the pros/cons of using these tools in the industry, and some representative case studies concerning companies that succeeded and some that recently failed in their use of social media. Finally, the study provides a summary of the research and important findings is followed by a series of recommendations concerning how retailers should use social media technologies in their own businesses in the concluding chapter.
Social Media Business Applications
Chapter…
References
About Honda. (2013). Honda. Available: http://corporate.honda.com/america/philanthropy.aspx?id=philanthropy_overview . Last accessed 1 November 2013.
About Virgin. (2013). Virgin America. Available: http://www.virginamerica.com/about/airline-company.html.
Baumann, M. (2010, June). @Twitter Discloses Business Model #Promotedtweets RT.
Information Today, 27 (6) 1-5.
Social Performance
The Target Corporation: Description, Stakeholders, and their oles
The Target Corporation has grown, from a small branch of Dayton Hudson Corporation, to the second largest retailer store in the United States, dealing in soft lines, hard lines, and (mostly) non-perishable groceries. The company has realized numerous achievements, and currently holds the 36th position on the Fortune 500. From a single Minnesota store in 1962, Target corporation has witnessed massive expansion across all states, to a record 1,870 units (82 of these in Canada), and over $70 billion in sales. The company, currently, has Gregg Steinhafel as CEO, and John J. Mulligan as chief financial officer.
Like any other corporation, Target has a wide range of stakeholders: primary, secondary, as well as other key stakeholders. People (groups) that are directly affected by the organization's activities, either positively or negatively, are referred to as primary stakeholders. Secondary stakeholders, on the…
References
International Finance Corporation. (2000). Investing in People: Sustaining Communities through Improved Business Practice. Washington: World Bank Publications
Letavec, C.J., Rollins, S.C. & Altwies, D.C. (2008). Program Management Professional (PgMP): A Certification Study Guide with Best Practices for Maximizing Business Results. Lauderdale: J. Ross Publishing
OECD. (2012). Sustainable Materials Management: Making Better Use of Resources. OECD Publishing. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264174262-en
Rabinowitz, P. (2013). Identifying and Analyzing Stakeholders and Their Interests. Retrieved from http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/participation/encouraging-involvement/identify-stakeholders/main
Social Cognitive, Behavioral Drinking
Social Cognitive/behavioralist Drinking
Drinking behavior provides informative demonstration of how social cognitive and behavioralist theories provide complementary rather than competing explanations of human agency. Bandura (1999) casts social cognitive theory against various determinist and materialist theories on the assertion humans are "sentient agents of experiences rather than simply undergoers of experiences" because people explore, manipulate and influence the environment they discover (p. 4). This contrasts against "automaticity," habit, "tendencies to repeat responses given a stable supporting context" (Oullette and Wood, 1998, p. 55). Oullette & Wood (1998) compare habit learning to skill development, where practice can lead to "nonvolitional, frequent, and consistent experiences in a given context" but new situations require deliberation (p. 55). Wood and Neal (2007) largely reiterate this summary as repeated learned behavior (843). The present inquiry is particularly interested in how and why particular behaviors become repeated after negative consequences have been…
References
Bandura, A. (1999). A social cognitive theory of personality. In L. Pervin & O. John (Ed.),
Handbook of personality (2nd ed., pp. 154-196). New York: Guilford Publications. (Reprinted in D. Cervone & Y. Shoda [Eds.], The coherence of personality. New York: Guilford Press.)
Ouellette, J. & Wood, W. (1998). Habit and intention in everyday life: The multiple processes by which past behavior predicts future behavior. Psychological Bulletin 124(1), 54-74.
Wood, w. & Neal, D.T. (2007). A new look at habits and the habit -- goal interface. Psychological Review 114(4), 843 -- 863. Retrieved from DOI: 10.1037/0033-295X.114.4.843
Social Implications of Sexual Identity Formation and Coming Out Process
Chad Mosher's article, "The social implications of identity formation and the coming-out-process: a review of the theoretical and empirical literature" provides a fairly comprehensive look at the theories and realities of individuals asserting their homosexual tendencies to the world. The article is widely written as a source of material and instruction for psychologists who are employed in a therapeutic or counseling capacity with such individuals, as there are implications for them to incorporate into their practice in the article's conclusion. In addition to discussing the two principle theories regarding coming out, essentialism and social constructionism, the author discusses aspects of the theories that are integrated as well as the effect of coming out on both the audience and the homosexual perception. Audiences are stratified into three distinct categories: family members, heterosexuals, as well as homosexuals and those somewhere in between…
References
Mosher, C. (2001). The social implications of identity formation and the coming-out-process: a review of the theoretical and empirical literature. The Family Journal. 9 (2): 164-173.
Social issue alcohol drugs consider a social issue interested. It human freedom, sexuality, deviance, crime, social mobility, poverty, education, aging, similar issues. Select a specific social issue investigate assignment.
Social issue: Drug abuse
The social problem of drug addiction is a long-standing one, yet the causes of addiction and the best way to treat addiction still remain difficult questions to answer. One contentious issue pertains to whether addiction is a 'crime' or an 'illness,' although an increasingly large body of medical research indicates long-term abuse fundamentally rewires addicts' brains and changes their perceptions of reward and punishment. Drugs stimulate dopamine receptors. Dopamine is a chemical in the brain that generates a sense of positive well-being: "Just as we turn down the volume on a radio that is too loud, the brain adjusts to the overwhelming surges in dopamine (and other neurotransmitters) by producing less dopamine or by reducing the number…
References
Cratty, Carol. (2011). New rules slashing crack cocaine sentences go into effect. CNN.
Retrieved at:
http://articles.cnn.com/2011-11-01/justice/justice_crack-cocaine-sentencing_1_powder-cocaine-fair-sentencing-act-crack-penalties?_s=PM:JUSTICE
Drugs and the brain. (2012). National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Retrieved at:
Social Darwinism
Statement of the Issue
Beginning with a discussion of Social Darwinism's inherent logical fallacy, this study examines whether or not wealthy industrialists of the nineteenth century actually practiced what Social Darwinism called for. By considering the history of the concept and its relation to capitalism, it becomes clear that not only did wealthy industrialists practice Social Darwinism, but that they embraced it precisely because it provided a justification for the unethical business practices they were already engaged in.
Statement of the Issue
Social Darwinism was a major force in the political, economic, and social landscape of the nineteenth and early twentieth century, but it represents something of a conundrum for the historian attempting to determine whether or not the wealthy industrialists who were proponents of Social Darwinism actually practiced what they preached. The difficulty stems from the fact that Social Darwinism is itself an example of a formal…
References
Bannister, R. (1993). Social darwinism: Science and myth in anglo-american social thought.
Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Klein, S. (2003). The natural roots of capitalism and its virtues and values. Journal of Business
Ethics, 45(4), 387-401.
Social psychology view: What ensures that women are treated fairly in office settings in the United States?
One of the most prudent applications of social psychology within contemporary settings are those that relate to gender. Gender issues can become exacerbated when they are viewed within particular social constructs, such as the work environment. Due to the fact that the majority of the world was initially a patriarchal society (particularly in the United States) before modern conceptions of gender became prevalent, the role of women within the work environment is one which is certainly worthy of investigation in terms of how women are treated, what sorts of issues they must contend with, and how others (men) consider working women. The principle difference between contemporary and most historic notions of gender pertaining to women in the workplace is that in modern times, there is supposed to be a substantial greater amount of…
References
Bisika, T. (2008). Do social and cultural factors perpetuate gender-based violence in Malawi?.Gender & Behaviour, 6(2), 1884-1896. doi:10.4314/gab.v6i2.23426
Cikara, M., Rudman, L., & Fiske, S. (2012). Dearth by a Thousand Cuts?: Accounting for Gender Differences in Top-Ranked Publication Rates in Social Psychology. Journal Of Social Issues, 68(2), 263-285. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2012.01748.x
Gilbert, D.G., Fiske, S.T. & Lindzey G. (2010). Handbook of social psychology (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Huerta, M. (2007). Intersections of race and gender in women's experiences of harassment. (Order No. 3253291, University of Michigan). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses,, 110-110 p. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/304848503?accountid=25340 . (304848503).
Social workers often have commitments to specific policies, laws, or funding of programs that are vital to the population they serve or an issue that they strongly support. Such commitments often lead social workers to become involved in political issues and the campaigns of specific candidates. Being a social worker, such campaign experiences, the outcomes of your efforts, and how effective you felt you were may affect your view of the political process and the likelihood of becoming involved in similar campaigns in the future. Social workers' involvement in political advocacy is usually influenced by the impact of politics on social work practice. Through advocacy and lobbying in the political arena, social workers seek to promote changes in legislation and policy to enhance social conditions and promote social justice towards meeting basic human needs. In essence, social workers' participation in political advocacy is geared towards protecting individuals' rights and enhancing…
31).
.This is not to say, though, that these themes and others are not examined. For example, Hank Hill's relationship with his father, Cotton ("I killed me fifty men") Hill explores the role of the elderly in modern American society, and even presents a poignant episode in which his father dies and he is forced to confront the mixed-blessing of this loss. Likewise, Homer manages to become more than a bungling parent from time to time and actually connect with his children in ways that would not be feasible in traditional sitcom formats. Homer and Lisa breaking into the Springfield Museum to see the Egyptian exhibit, only to discover the secret to an ancient music box by accident is a good example. Similarly, Bart and Homer even manage to overcome their differences and become a team when it comes to thwarting the good-natured advances of Ned Flanders (who is still…
References
Harrison, C. (2010). American culture in the 1990s. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Mills, B. (2009). The sitcom. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Pehlke, T.A. & Hennon, C.B. (2009, Spring). Does father still know best? An inductive
thematic analysis of popular TV sitcoms. Fathering, 7(2), 114-118.
Social trends in Education / the next 5 years
With societal establishments and school structures, we can carry the most important task of providing youths with the necessary education which will provide them opportunities to thrive in our community. A simple casual glance at the comparative mode of lifestyle in our country would make it obvious that these establishments performed in an excellent manner for the greater part of this century. But the universe is transforming in manners that radically remodels the suppositions, customs and guiding principles, which catered the American people earlier. Besides, the pace of transformation is gearing up at an amazing speed, requiring in many customs and establishments the need to progress in certain spheres. To look forward to modifications, to a certain extent than acting in response to it, schools are spotting developments and scrutinizing their probable connotations.
ather than guessing what the coming years has…
References
Anglin, John. S. Educational Trends for the Future. Handbook of Theory and Research in Higher Education: Volume: 8; pp. 115-121. New York: Agathon, 2002
Carter, Holly. Implementation of International Competence Strategies: Faculty. In Bridges to the Future: Strategies for Internationalizing Higher Education, pp.191-203. Ed. Charles Klasek, Carbondale, Illinois: Association of International Education Administrators, 1992.
Corson, David. Language Diversity and Education. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2001.
Morrison, J.L. Higher-Education Trends and Indicators. The Chronicle of Higher Education. Volume: 46, No: 3; September 10, 1999; p. A54
The relationship of this dynamic system can be seen in the past 9/11 attack at the World Trade Center. All of the three elements, the society, business, and government, were involved and aggravated in the incident. First of all, it was the international relationship and activities of the U.S. government that was the main reason why the attack was committed. To communicate the disagreement of the terrorist party to the government, what they did was to hamper and injure the businesses in U.S., particularly the World Trade Center which is located in the main business district of America. Consequently, from such attack to businesses as the terrorists' way to communicate their anger to the U.S. government, the society was the main element who received and experienced the harm.
Social Engineering Attacks Counter Intelligence
Social Engineering Counter Intelligence
Describe what social engineering and counterintelligence are and their potential implications to our national security in regard to the leaked Afghan War Diary and the Iraq War Logs.
Social engineering is the theft of classified information. Then, using it to change everyone's opinions and perceptions about what is happening. Counter intelligence is preventing hostile enemies or organizations from obtaining access to sensitive material. These areas are viewed from two different perspectives. The first one is that of more liberal attitudes. They believe that any kind of secret files, are allowing the U.S. government to hide the truth. This is when it has no accountability for engaging in different actions. These voices, feel any kind of disclosures of classified information, is critical to understanding the larger issues and letting the public (i.e. world) know what they are up to. (Mulrine, 2013) (Harding,…
References
Wiki Leaks. (2010). ABC News. Retrieved from: http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wikileaks-109000-deaths-iraq-war/story?id=11949670
Wiki Leaks Releases. (2010). VOA News. Retrieved from: http://www.voanews.com/content/wikileaks-releases-400000-classified-us-military-files-105568738/128719.html
Fowler, A. (2011). The Most Dangerous Man in the World. Carlton: University of Melbourne Press.
Harding, L. (2011). Wiki Leaks. New York, NY: Public Affairs.
This in turn generates a kind of societal morality. As a consequence, social order becomes an incorporated trait of everyday life. According to the theory, what people see as standards are indirect behavioral rules. Infringements of the standard lead to diverse amounts of punishment depending on how common the standard may be. Chastisements can come in the shape of being disqualified from one's social group, critical looks, or imprisonment in the case of harsh infringements like killing or assault (Jeanty, 2010).
As sociologists and historians examine social work, they often see a profession the spirit of which is social control. For them the language of therapy, assisting, or even empowerment masquerades a coercive center. Various recent literature of the vocation, conversely, has confronted the attitude of those researchers who depend on case reports as proof of what social workers in fact do in the field has highlighted empowerment in the…
References
Burford, Gale and Adams, Paul. (2010). Restorative justice, responsive regulation and social work. Retrieved March 23, 2011, from Web site:
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0CYZ/is_1_31/ai_n6065937/
Chapter 4: The role of the social worker. (2006). Retrieved March 23, 2011, from Web site:
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2006/02/02094408/8
Social and Labor Issues of Supply Chain Management
There are a myriad of labor and social issues that all enterprises need to contend with in designing, implementing and managing an international supply chain. In addition to the specifics of how suppliers will communicate pricing, product, and transaction-specific information and also synchronize efforts to support product introductions, there is also the more challenging social and labor issues to contend with. These differences are exacerbated by vast cultural differences between regions and nations. One of the most valuable frameworks for understanding social and labor issue differences in international supply chains is the Hofstede Model of Cultural Dimensions (Hofstede, 1993). This framework provides dimensional insight into how labor and social issues within and between nations can be planned for and optimized to gain the greatest level of performance given the inherent constrains in supply chain management (Hofstede, McCrae, 2004).
Analysis of Social and…
Bibliography
Hofstede, G. (1993). Cultural constraints in management theories. The Executive, 7(1), 81.
Hofstede, G., & McCrae, R.R. (2004). Personality and culture revisited: Linking traits and dimensions of culture. Cross - Cultural Research, 38(1), 52-88.
Social Work Research -- Annotated Bibliography
Annotated Bibliography
Bowie, S.L., & Hancock, H. (2000, Fall) African-Americans and graduate social work education: a study of career choice influences and strategies to reverse enrollment decline. Journal of Social Work Education, 36(3), 429.
hese experienced researchers have reported on the influences of black MSW graduate careers. Demographics were taken into consideration in relation to social work program enrollment influences. Black MSW graduates were found to be most influenced by advancing their careers, acquiring new skills, and maintaining a professional status. he author further suggests recruitment strategies for attracting black students to graduate social work programs. he overall motivation for the minority MSW student is important when considering the affect of receiving public assistance on the desire to work with the poor and homeless.
Cozzarelli, C., & agler, M.J., & Wilkinson, A.V. (2001). Attitudes toward the poor and attributions for poverty. Journal of Social…
The author of this article, a published researcher with Florida State University, uses data collected from California MSW students over several years to reveal factors which influence the desire to work with the poor and homeless. Sociodemographic variables were influences (but not stable ones) on students' interest, and idealogical beliefs and motivation were very stable influences. This information is directly correlated to the hypothesis of my study that social work students are influenced by previous experience with public assistance.
Sun, A.-P. (2001) Perceptions among social work and non-social work students concerning causes of poverty. Journal of Social Work Education, 37(1), 161.
The author, a certified social worker and associate professor in social work research with many publishing credits, has utilized Feagin's Poverty Scale to compare the perceptions of social work students and non-social work students on the causes of poverty. Previous literature suggested that MSW and BSW students most often find society responsible for the existance of poverty. This hypothesis is true for white, female social workers, however male or nonwhite social workers are more likely to find both society and the individual responsible. The author's hypothesis that non-social work students do not find the individual to be responsible for poverty was also supported. This work helps illustrate the factors which influence social work students' opinions, such as gender and race, which can also be related to public assistance statistics for the social groups involved in the study.
Social Performance
Description of Company
My company, idgetCo, designs and manufactures widgets here in Dullsville, USA. The company has been in operation since 1927, and moved to Dullsville shortly after II to take advantage of the large clustering of industry around the steel plant in Steelville. The steel plant and many of the other businesses have now closed, but idgetCo has long been an innovator in widget design, so remains a thriving business. The company is now the largest employer in Dullsville. Operating as a differentiated provider, we are able to meet the needs of our customers -- mainly manufacturers -- who now are spread throughout the NAFTA region.
There are a number of stakeholders for idgetCo, and we believe that it is important to take the needs of each into consideration when embarking on major strategic endeavors (Leigh, 2013). Internally, we see our stakeholder universe as consisting of management,…
Works Cited:
Gillan, S. & Starks, L. (2000). Corporate governance proposals and shareholder activism: The role of institutional investors. Journal of Financial Economics Vol. 57 (2000) 275-305
Holzer, B. (2008). Turning stakeseekers into stakeholders. Business & Society. Vol. 47 (1) 50-67.
Kokemuller, N. (2013). How do stakeholders influence business activities? Houston Chronicle. Retrieved April 28, 2013 from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/stakeholders-influence-business-activities-18754.html
Leigh, J. (2013). The differences between primary and secondary stakeholders. eHow. Retrieved April 28, 2013 from http://www.ehow.co.uk/facts_7267188_difference-between-primary-secondary-stakeholders.html
Social psychologists have shown that a group can be heavily influenced by the dominating, authoritarian decision making of one or more strong supporters of the death penalty.
Despite the democratic process of picking jury members, many typical jury selection practices later lead the group of twelve picked to be of a certain caliber, based on the characteristics of those chosen and how those characteristics relate within a group setting. Since the 1970's, social psychologists have been used by counsel to help ensure victory in the outcome of certain cases. Due to the influential potential of a jury's opinion, venue becomes essential in the outcome of the case. The trial of the police officers in the Rodney King beating was set in Simi Valley; the general population being extremely conservative and too many, racist. Modern professionals trained in jury selection based on social psychology findings are known in today's industry as…
Works Cited
Cleary, Audrey. "Scientific Jury Selection: History, Practice, and Controversy."
Villanova University. 2005. Retrieved on November 27, 2007 at http://www.publications.villanova.edu/concept/2005/jury_selection.pdf
Hughes, Brian. "Psychology in Court: An Overview." Retrieved on November 27, 2007 at: http://nuigalway.ie/law/GSLR/1998/art2.html
Liner, Douglass. "O. J. Simpson Trial." Pittsburgh University. Retrieved on November 27, 2007 at http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/trials10.htm
Social Determinants of Health
Quality Improvement and isk Management in Health Care
A health care system is an institution or organization of people using resources to deliver health care services to meet the target population's health needs. There are many health systems worldwide with many organizational structures and histories. Different countries have various systems that support their health system planning such as trade unions, governments, market participants, charities and religious co-ordinate bodies who deliver health care services that are planned and evolutionary. isk management entails the proper strategies that reduce possibilities of specific losses in health organizations (Spath, 2009).
The systematic utilization and gathering of data are very important to the practice and concept. The programs of risk management consist of both reactive and proactive components. The reactive components include the actions, which are in response to adverse occurrences while proactive components include those activities done to prevent adverse occurrences…
References
Barry, R. (2002). The six sigma book for healthcare: Improving outcomes by reducing errors. Chicago: Health Administration Publisher
Cook, R. (2006). Awareness and influence in health and social care: How you can really make a difference. San Diego, C.A: Radcliffe Publishing
Kavaler, F. (2003). Risk management in health care institutions: A strategic approach. Sudbury, U.S.A: Jones and Bartlett Publishers
Marco, W. (2011). Performance-Based medicine: Creating the high performance network to optimize managed care relationships. New York: Productivity Press
Social Psychology 2nd
Morality and Group elations: Possible Bias
The article entitled "Morality and intergroup relations: Threats to safety and group image predict the desire to interact with outgroup and ingroup members" as written by Brambilla et al. is comprised of three different research studies. However, each of these studies explores different facets of the same phenomena: how morality within and outside of groups varies by type of threat, and what sort of behavior these threats elicit from these same groups (Brambilla et al., 2013, p. 813). There is an extreme amount of relevance to the research conducted within this article and the principle research question of the present author, who is attempting to ascertain the meaning of relationships with moral development and reasoning in social groups.
Prior to stratifying the analysis of this paper to the three respective studies, it is necessary to mention various salient factors regarding the…
References
Fiske, S.T., Gilbert, D.T., Lindzey, G. (2010). Handbook of Social Psychology. New York: Wiley.
Tuffin, K. (2004). Understanding Critical Social Psychology. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Brambilla, M., Sacchi, S., Pagliaro, S., Ellemers, N. (2013). Morality and intergroup relations: Threats to safety and group image predict the desire to interact with outgroup and ingroup members. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 49: 811-821.
The purpose of this article is to extend on previous rsearch relating the issue of group morality to the perceived threat and influential behavior within an ingroup as actuated on the part of an outgroup. The researchers studided an ingroup of Italian nationals and an outgroup of Indians who were living Italy. Therefore, there ethnic differences between these groups as well as those which may have been perceived related to nationality.
Social Perceptions and Bias
Within any organization there is a dual cognitive and emotional role in making decisions. In the 21st century global environment, this role is accentuated and allows far less time than ever before. Typically, decision making is the result of stimuli, then choosing from alternatives based on past and current knowledge, then making a final choice of an action or group of action. One way of looking at the decision making process is that it is ingrained within the human psychological perspective, which makes it both unique and complex for the individual or organization involved. esearchers Seo and Barrett (2007) present a theory that contrary to the popular belief that emotions (feelings) are dysfunctional in decision making, in fact, research shows that individuals who are able to identify and distinguish among feelings have a greater chance of making successful and discreet decisions by looking critically at their…
REFERENCES
Ashforth, B., Humphrey, R. (1995). Emotion in the Workplace: A Reappraisal.
Human Relations. 48 (2): 97-125.
Baron, R., Kenney, D. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social
Psychological Research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 51 (6): 1173-82.
They were followed in 1936 by the Harlem River Houses, a more modest experiment in housing projects. And by 1964, nine giant public housing projects had been constructed in the neighborhood, housing over 41,000 people [see also Tritter; Pinckney and oock].
The roots of Harlem's various pre 1960's-era movements for African-American equality began growing years before the Harlem Renaissance itself, and were still alive long after the Harlem Renaissance ended. For example:
The NAACP became active in Harlem in 1910 and Marcus Garvey's Universal
Negro Improvement Organization in 1916. The NAACP chapter there soon grew to be the largest in the country. Activist a. Philip Randolph lived in Harlem and published the radical magazine the Messenger starting in 1917.
It was from Harlem that he organized the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car
Porters. .E.B. DuBois lived and published in Harlem in the 1920s, as did
James eldon Johnson and Marcus Garvey.…
Works Cited
Baldwin, James. "Sonny's Blues." Online. Retrieved February 3, 2007, at http://www.spcollege.edu/Central/libonline/path/shortstory.pdf .
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954)'. Wikipedia.
December 7, 2006. Retrieved December 7, 2006, from: http://en.
A wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education.html>.
Social Class And Crime
For this study the researcher chose to explore social class and crime rates, because while there are many studies conducted on race and crime and gender and crime or related factors, social class seems to be something that is relatively little regarded in modern times at least in places like the U.S. Social class is often a large predictor of factors including crime in many countries overseas, but it is sometimes something that is overlooked in the U.S., where people assume democracy guarantees people the right to safety. Studies suggest however that this is very often not the case.
Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy.
In this research study, the authors explore social cohesion and collective efficacy, which they define as the willingness of neighbors to intervene "on behalf of the common good" which they hypothesize is essential to reducing violence. The…
References:
Flango, V.E. & Sherbenou, E.L. (2006 March Online) Poverty, Urbanization & Crime.
Criminology. Vol. 14, Issue 3. Pp. 331-346.
Logan, J.R., & Stults, B.J. (1999 May). Racial differences in exposure to crime: The city and suburbs of Cleveland in 1990. Criminology. Vol. 37(2) pp.251-276.
Markowitz, F.E., Bellair, P.E., Liska, A.E., Liu, J. (2006 Mar). Extending social disorganization theory: Modeling the relationships between cohesion, disorder, and fear. Criminology. Vol. 39, Issue 2, pp. 293-319.
Some jobs will require that a person continue his college education and some will require learning that can take place on the job in order to acquire the needed skills.
on-the-job training can take place in several forms. An outside training firm can be brought in to the company to hold seminars on a relevant topic for the employees. In this environment, the social nature of learning could be one of camaraderie or competitiveness among the adult employees. The adult employee wanted to get ahead may try to excel and outperform his coworkers to increase his chances of advancing. On the other hand, the environment could be more of a friendly social nature while everyone is learning. They may be asked to work in groups, much like in a college classroom setting. This will allow them to collaborate and perhaps learn about new skills they can acquire from their coworkers.…
References
Cameron, David. (2010). Adult learning and the way it inspires people is crucially important. Adults Learning, 21(9), 16-17.
http://www.learning-theories.com/vygotskys-social-learning-theory.html (Accessed on June 22, 2010).
http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/bandura.html (Accessed on June 22, 2010).
Schmidt, Laurel. (2008). How we don't learn. Leadership, 38(2), 10-14.
Social Media and Barthes Cultural Myths
Social Media and Barthes' Cultural Myths
hile social media services undeniably bring individuals together, they also have created a new type of cultural understanding of words. They have created a subset of individuals, who, as users of social media, conceptualize words themselves differently than individuals who are not social media users. Using Barthes' definition, social media itself can be seen as the setting of a cultural myth. It is a vast network wherein signifiers, which outside the myth are associated with their own rich set of signifieds, are given new interpretations (Barthes 1957/1972). That is, these concepts, which outside the myth are imbued with connotative meanings, within the myth are set at a distance from those meanings and given a related, though slightly different, set of signified concepts. In particular, the concept of "friend" within the social media myth gains its own, new, mythic…
Works Cited
Barthes, R. (1972). Mythologies. (A. Lavers, Trans.). New York: Noonday Press. (Original work published 1957).
Kujath, C. (2011). Facebook and MySpace: Complement or Substitute for Face-to-Face
Interaction? Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(1-2), 75-78
Orr, E., Sisic, M., Ross, C., Simmering, M, Arsenault, J., Orr, R. (2009). The Influence of Shyness on the Use of Facebook in an Undergraduate Sample. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12(3), 337-340
Social work history displays that the desire of social justice is both a task and a myth for employees and their immediate predecessors in organizations. This study provides a critical analysis of Janet Finn's and Maxine Jacobson's work titled "Just Practice." The great focus is on the first and the third chapter where their contributions and critical omissions are identified. Finn and Jacobson have worked hard to illustrate the historical development of social work, which was largely premised on charity for the poor (Finn, & Jacobson, 2003). In both chapters, they have elaborated in length on how social work came into being. Ideally, social work history revolves around the industrial revolution and the way the rise of capitalism created a gap between the rich and the poor. In the first chapter, the role of Charity Organization Societies and Settlement House Movement as the pioneers of social work has been elucidated…
References
Barusch, A.S. (2009). Foundations of social policy: Social justice in human perspective. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Finn, J.L., & Jacobson, M. (2003). Just practice: a social justice approach to social work. Peosta, Iowa: Eddie Bowers Pub. Co..
Leiby, J. (1978). A history of social welfare and social work in the United States. New York: Columbia University Press.
Lundy, C., & Lundy, C. (2011). Social work, social justice, & human rights: A structural approach to practice. North York, Ont: University of Toronto Press.
(2004) Intent and Ordinary Bias: Unintended Thought and Social Motivation Create Casual Prejudice. Social Justice esearch, Vol. 17 Issue 2, p117-127, 11p. etrieved July 7, 2009 from EBSCO online database http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s8h&AN=13079636&loginpage=Login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Henry, P.J. And Hardin, C. (2006). The Contact Hypothesis evisited. Status Bias in the eduction of Implicit Prejudice in the United States and Lebanon. Association of Psychological Science. Vol.1-7 -- Number 10. etrieved July 7, 2009 from EBSCO online database http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rst&AN=23000285&loginpage=Login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Mandel, I. (2009). Cultural Prejudice & Discrimination. esearch Starters Sociology, 2009, p1-6, 6p. etrieved July 7, 2009 from EBSCO online database http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rst&AN=36267911&loginpage=Login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Pearson, A., Dovidio, J., & Pratto, F. (2007).acial Prejudice, Intergroup Hate, and Blatant and Subtle Bias of Whites toward Blacks in Legal Decision Making in the United States. International Journal of Psychology & Psychological Therapy, 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 2, p145-158, 14p. etrieved July 8, 2009 from EBSCO online database Full Text http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s8h&AN=27747337&loginpage=Login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
amasubramanian, S. &…
References:
Faxed material
Fiske, S. (2004) Intent and Ordinary Bias: Unintended Thought and Social Motivation Create Casual Prejudice. Social Justice Research, Vol. 17 Issue 2, p117-127, 11p. Retrieved July 7, 2009 from EBSCO online database http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s8h&AN=13079636&loginpage=Login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Henry, P.J. And Hardin, C. (2006). The Contact Hypothesis Revisited. Status Bias in the Reduction of Implicit Prejudice in the United States and Lebanon. Association of Psychological Science. Vol.1-7 -- Number 10. Retrieved July 7, 2009 from EBSCO online database http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rst&AN=23000285&loginpage=Login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Mandel, I. (2009). Cultural Prejudice & Discrimination. Research Starters Sociology, 2009, p1-6, 6p. Retrieved July 7, 2009 from EBSCO online database http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rst&AN=36267911&loginpage=Login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
While he supported me in my endeavors, he raised many questions, >Why do you want to enter social work? How do you think you are going to provide for your family and the lifestyle you are accustomed to?" Deferring to socialization pressures that still impel them to fulfill the "breadwinner" role and avoid feminine characteristics, they may segregate themselves from women in the profession, selecting specialties or positions that society deems as more appropriate for men (Williams, 1995). They too may emphasize the masculine aspects of their jobs to "reduce the dissonance between their professional and gender identities" and to justify their career choices (Christie, 1998, p. 506). Thereby, male social workers adhere more closely to the social definition of masculinity" (ritton, J. & Stoller M., 1998).
The young people who are trying to enter into a social work profession "hope to advance research and social work services for men…
Bibliography
Britton, J. & Stoller M. (Autumn, 1998), Engendered disparity: Males in Social Work, Retrieved December 6, 2006, from The Advocate's Forum, Vol.5, No.1, Web Site: http://www.ssa.uchicago.edu/publications/advforum/v5n1/v5i1a2.html
Chattopadhay, T. (2004), Role of men and boys in promoting gender equality: advocacy brief / Asia-Pacific Programme of Education for All (APPEAL), United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, Bangkok: UNESCO Bangkok, Retrieved December 6, 2006, at http://www.ungei.org/resources/files/unesco_role_of_men.pdf
Christie, A.(2001), Men and social work, New York, NY USA: Palgrave Publishers, Retrieved December 3, 2006, at http://site.ebrary.com/lib/csueastbay/Doc?id=2002957
Gillingham, P. (January, 2006), Male social workers in child and family welfare: New directions for research, in Social work, Volume 51, number I
Social Media and Suicide
Social Media
Internet has become a gadget of everyday use for people of 21st century. As it is offering many benefits to the users in terms of information communcaition, interaction, entertainment, socialization and earning livelihhod, there are certain dark factors related to it. The dark factors are as severe as forcing people to commit suicide. It is no exaggeration to mention that Intenet is used as a medium to harass people and get undue benefits from them.
Social media today is playing major role in enabling people and organizations to communicate and share ideas, views and knowledge with other people. The traditional methods of communication have been modified through social media platforms like chat rooms, social networking sites (Facebook, My-Space, Twitter, Google+ etc.), video sites (YouTube), discussion forums, video chat, text messages, blogs etc. (Lexton et al., 2012). The most well-known social networking website Facebook had…
References
Biddle, L., Donovan, J., Hawton, K., Kapur, N., Gunnell, D., 2008. Suicide and the Internet. British Medical Journal, 336, 800-802.
"Cyberbullying Does Not 'Cause' Teen Suicide," 2012. Retrieved from http://www.science20.com/news_articles/cyberbullying_does_not_cause_teen_suicide-95444
"Facebook Statistics," 2011. Retrieved from http://www.facebook.com/press/info.php?statistics
"Facebook statistics by country," n.d. Retrieved from http://www.socialbakers.com/facebook-statistics
Addams included a large amount of environmental reforms in her program for Hull House. One of the most prominent incorporated her labors to address the unhealthful heaps of garbage in immigrant areas because of a lack of public interest. The mayor of Chicago ultimately appointed Addams garbage inspector for her region a job that she took very seriously. Addams managed garbage collectors and took violators of garbage policies to court. Even though Addams and her associates frequently started reforms, the immigrants had a dynamic role as well, helping in knowledge gathering and its communication to their neighbors (Settlement House Movement, 2011).
ichmond's devotion and professionalism, along with her scientific charity has been documented and developed over the years. Her casework practice, managerial talents, research, and stress on social work education fashioned a professional environment in what was beforehand thought to be just charity work. This professionalized social work permitted philanthropic…
References
Settlement House Movement. (2011). Retrieved March 23, 2011, from Web site:
http://www.pollutionissues.com/Re-Sy/Settlement-House-Movement.html
Smith, Mark K. (2002). Casework and the Charity Organization Society. Retrieved March 23,
2011, from Web site: http://www.infed.org/socialwork/charity_organization_society.htm
My views tend to classify modern societies first by their political system: socialist, democratic, representative, totalitarian, and then move more into demographics and psychographics.
1.2 Political Quarrels -Describe, in a 250-300-word post, one of the quarrels faced by the Britons or the French. Analyze the role of that country's history, geography, political institutions, and its culture in relation to the quarrel.
For centuries, Britain and France have been at odds with one another. This likely goes back to Medieval times, then progressed through the Age of Discovery, claims to colonies -- especially in the new world, and the age old rights to economic development of Europe and the oceans. Historically, in 1066 the Duke of Normandy led and invasion of England, defeating the English at the battle of Hastings. William, the Duke, had himself crowned King of England, but remained a vassal of the French King, which became humiliating to…
Source:
Roskin, M. (2008). Countries and Concepts: Politics, Geography, Culture. New York:
Longman.
So to that extent, the choice consumers make is less about product, and more about convenience, and perhaps what the consumer perceives as the necessary choice; meaning they do not have a choice when considering the negative of selecting a different operating system. To this extent, it signifies the extent to which "personal computers" have indeed become very personalized, and consumers cannot risk making changes in the direction of operating systems once they have become accustomed to Microsoft.
The construct of time-style also offers potential for researchers investigating shopping behaviors and styles, for example, in the retail domain (see also Kaufman and Lane 1996). The various dimensions of time-style will likely have an impact on shopping behaviors such as how much pre-purchase planning is undertaken; whether people prefer browsing or "in-and-out" shopping; whether or not shopping lists are made; and whether people prefer to shop alone or with others. In…
References
http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=71744934
Berdayes, V. & Murphy, J.W. (Eds.). (2000). Computers, Human Interaction, and Organizations: Critical Issues. Westport, CT: Praeger. Retrieved February 10, 2008, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=71745134 http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=109763690
Chin, E. (2001). Purchasing Power: Black Kids and American Consumer Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Retrieved February 10, 2008, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=109763693 http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=104624583
Lally, E. (2002). At Home with Computers. New York: Berg. Retrieved February 10, 2008, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=104624585 http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5020507541
Social Psychology
The Power of the Situation
Sam Sommers (2008) writes in an article entitled The Elusive Power of Daily Situations about an incident in which he broke a finger of each one of his hands and had to undergo a minor surgical operation that was necessary to ensure the healing process. He describes how this situation was altered for him by his anxiety over the various choices and complications that were part of this type of surgery, by the discomfort he felt wearing a flimsy hospital gown that he was unable to tie due to his broken fingers and being in an unfamiliar place, and by his embarrassment at the incident that resulted in the injury in the first place. Sommers relates this to the phenomena of the power of the daily situation as he writes "As we know from decades of research in social psychology, many of us…
Bibliography
Berger, P.L. And Luckmann, T. (1966) The Social Construction of Reality.
Biali, S. (2007) Was Michael Jackson a Highly Sensitive Person (HSP)? Are You? Retrieved on May 2, 2011 from http://www.psychologytoday.com / blog/prescriptions-life/200907/was-michael-jackson-highly-sensitive-personhsp-are-you.
Gleitman, Fridlund, and Reisberg. (2004) Personality. Psychology Today. 6th Ed. New York W.W. Norton and Co.
Markman, A. (2009) People, Situations, Attributions, and the Hollywood Movie. Retrieved on May 2, 2011 from