Software Engineering Essays (Examples)

Software Processing Methodology

Understanding the Problem

Klyne Smith, DSE Candidate

Dr. Frank Coyle

Technical

Motivation

esearch and Contribution Methods

Software Processing Methodologies

Waterfall Methodology

Strengths

Weaknesses

Opportunity

Threats

Iterative Methodology

Strengths

Weaknesses

Opportunities

Threats

Model Methodology

Strengths

Weaknesses

Opportunities

Threats

Where do we go from here (Spring 2010)?

Define measurement data points for Test Case analysis

Section IV

Creation and Validation of the predictive model

Section V

Summary Analysis

Practical Usage

Praxis Conclusion

Books

Articles / Web Information

Software Processing Methodology:

Understanding the Problem

Section I:

Introduction

In this work, I examine three different Software Processing Methodologies. I start with the iterative model, followed by the spiral model, and conclude with the V-model. Each of these methodologies are discussed in length to gain a clear understanding of their similarities and differences. This paper focuses on gaining a key understanding of the methodologies and when it is best to utilize each.…

References

Books

Alexander, Ian and Beus-Dukic, Ljerka (2009). Discovering Requirements - How to Specify Products and Services

Bass, Len and Clements, Paul, and Kazman, Rick (2003) - Software Architecture in Practice (2nd Edition)

Boehm, B.,(1976) Software Engineering, IEEE Trans. Computer, C-25,12,1226-1241

Allowing for such access necessarily creates a point of weakness, and this must be carefully guarded against through many levels of protection (Stuttard & Pinto 2007). Many of the same steps that are employed in access differentiation as described above can also be employed here -- multiple levels of access that is password protected, strict compartmentalization of data and of processes, and other features such as the recognition and removal of malicious input can all protect the opening that is created by administrative access to application information and code (Stuttard & Pinto 2007). Password-protected access to a web application's source code is one common example of this type of core defense capability, which grows more complex as both the complexity of the system and needs for security increase.

Direct Attacks and Unauthorized Use: A More Detailed View

Direct attacks on applications, especially web-based applications, are becoming increasingly common as programming…

References

Dalal, S.; Poore, J. & Cohen, M. (2003). Innovations in software engineering for defense systems. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.

Sttutard, D. & Pinto, M. (2007). The web application hacker's handbook. New York: Wiley.

Introduction of the new technology will also means new job requirements as well. People are resistant to change by nature, but these changes are necessary to ensure that Argot gains and maintains a competitive edge long into the future. Management needs to stress the necessity of these changes to employees and assist them in making a smooth transition. Technological changes will require changes on many levels, not just in hardware and software. One of the keys is developing adequate training programs so that workers get off to a good start with the new system.

Benefits and Limitations of E-commerce

E-Commerce has several advantages and disadvantages. The key advantage is that it provides real-time access to necessary information among the various systems and departments. The second is that it streamlines business processes and raises organizational efficiency. This is the key benefit for the Argot International. Another advantages is that it maintains…

References

Active Grid. (2007). Enterprise Web 2.0. Retrieved July 19, 2007 at http://www.activegrid.com/?gclid=CJi604zUs40CFQxzHgodphVVtg.

Apache Software Foundation. (2007). Apache Software. Retrieved July 19, 2007 from  http://www.apache.org .

Gian, T. (2003). Dancing Around EAI 'Bear Traps'. Retrieved July 18, 2007 at  http://www.ebizq.net/topics/int_sbp/features/3463.html .

Hewlett-Packard (2007). P-UX Apache-based Web Server v.2.00 powered by Apache, Tomcat, Webmin. Retrieved July 18, 2007 at http://h20293.www2.hp.com/portal/swdepot/displayProductInfo.do?productNumber=HPUXWSATW200

Crafting and Engineering Software: Contrast hat it Might Mean to Engineer Software ith hat it Means to Craft Software

The software engineer Steve McConnell notes, "The dictionary definition of engineering is the application of scientific and mathematical principles toward practical ends." (McConnell, 1998) He believes that is what most software designers do, namely they apply scientifically developed and mathematically defined algorithms, functional design methods, quality-assurance practices, and other practices to develop software products and services. To engineer software thus is to view a set of real world problems and to ask one's self what works and what does not work, when meeting the needs of the product's potential range of services, according to professional guidelines.

But although this may be useful when engaging in the architectural design of the project, and determining the overall processes of the program, it may be equally useful to think of one's self as a…

Works Cited

McConnell, Steve. (January/February 1998) "The Art, Science, and Engineering of Software Development. Best Practices. IEEE Software, Vol. 15, No. 1. Retrieved 13 Jan 2005 at  http://www.stevemcconnell.com/ieeesoftware/bp13.htm

Reverse Engineering

It is impossible to create requirements and test artifacts by reverse engineering with complete accuracy as explained in this paper. Still, it's a valuable aide for gaining knowledge of existing systems, even though understanding the system as actually built and uncovering known usage modes are difficult.

Reconstructing the design of existing software is especially important for complex legacy systems, but can be a challenge because documents are often not available, dispersed and focused on isolated algorithms and data structures. This makes the formation of a higher-level structural models a time consuming, piece-meal activity. Reverse engineering has been touted as the solution to these issues, but the reality is that it can only automate some design recovery:

'Design recovery recreates design abstractions from a combination of code, existing design documentation (if available), personal experience, and general knowledge about problem and application domains . . . Design recovery must reproduce…

Bibliography

Biggerstaff, T.J. (1989, July). Design recovery for maintenance and reuse," Computer, pp. 3649.

Muller, H.A., Wong, K. And Tilley, S.R. Understanding software systems using reverse engineering technology. Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria. Retrieved February 15, 2005 from Web site:  http://www.utdallas.edu/~yxq014100/group/paper/visual-sw-arch/understanding-software-systems-using-reverse-engineering-technology.pdf 

Rayson, P, Garside, R. And Sawyer, P. Recovering legacy requirements. Computing Department, Lancaster University. Retrieved February 15, 2005 from Web site: http://216.239.63.104/search?q=cache:k0X09yv5sx4J:www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/computing/users/paul/publications/rgs99_refsq.pdf+%22Reverse+engineering%22+accuracy+legacy& hl=en

Third, subsystems engineers are more attuned to how their specific product and technology areas are driven by external market forces and market dynamics than system engineers typically are. The reason is that subsystem engineers, both hardware and software, seek to understand how customer and market needs impact their existing and future designs. As both of these classes of subsystem engineers are more focused on how to create valuable contributions to their specific area of expertise, monitoring market and customer trends tends to be a passion for many of them. It is not unusual for example to see an engineering team know more about market trends, research, unmet customer needs and competitors than a marketing department for the same product (Hoberman, 2009). This is precisely why subsystem engineers in high technology companies often end up running product management, product marketing and corporate marketing because they have a better grasp of the…

References

David Carrington, Paul Strooper, Sharron Newby, & Terry Stevenson. (2005). An industry/university collaboration to upgrade software engineering knowledge and skills in industry. The Journal of Systems and Software, 75(1-2), 29-39.

George T. Dasher. (2003). The interface between systems engineering and program management. Engineering Management Journal, 15(3), 11-14.

R. Harrison, a.W. Colombo, a.A. We-st, & S.M. Lee. (2006). Reconfigurable modular automation systems for automotive power-train manufacture. International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, 18(3), 175-190.

Steve Hoberman. (2009). How to Produce Adequate Definitions: Clear and complete attribute definitions improve data deliverables. Information Management, 19(5), 45.

Sage, who has seen how costly application customization can be, has created a series of template-based charts of accounts, with the last count indicating they had over 70 of Charts of Accounts that could be quickly used by customers to customize for their business. Sage has also seen that inordinate customization of software can lead to a lack of adoption; hence their motivation for creating a library that can easily be used by customers. As Peachtree suffered from an exceptionally bad reputation for usability in its first several product generations on the Microsoft Windows platform (Collins, 2006), Sage is attempting to overcome these limitations through intensive investment in ergonomics and usability. Adding to these efforts include the development of an Online Knowledgebase and Help Center, in addition to the development of AJAX-based microsites that interlink content together. All of these sources of data are in turn integrated via XML to…

References

Bernoff, J., & Li, C.. (2008). Harnessing the Power of the Oh-So-Social Web. MIT Sloan Management Review, 49(3), 36-42.

J Carlton Collins. (2006). Small Business Software Grows Up. Journal of Accountancy, 201(3), 50

Yu Cong, & Hui Du. (2007). Welcome to the World of Web 2.0. The CPA Journal, 77(5), 6,8-10.

Michael Giardina. (2004). Buying Software: Look for What's Right, Not for What's 'Best'. The CPA Journal, 74(3), 10.

"More to the point," another authority advises, "the objective of a PMO is to establish the procedures, processes, and standards that lead to a Center of Excellence -- not so much for itself as for the projects and organization it supports" (Pohlman, 2002, cited in Thorn, 2003, p. 48).

In this regard, Thorn points out that there are three basic approaches that can be used to establish a PMO to help facilitate the integration of Six Sigma or other management techniques with the CMM:

Project epository -- The PMO serves as the primary source of information on project methodology and standards. It assumes, rightly or wrongly, that the organization has established and follows a cohesive set of tools for project design, management, and reporting. Often a first step in establishing the idea of consolidating or sharing management practices, it still falls short, both in direct project oversight and as a…

References

Bertels, T. (2003). Rath & Strong's Six Sigma leadership handbook. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Cook, J., & Semouchtchak, V. (2004). Lean object-oriented software development. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 69(2), 12.

Hahn, G.I., Hill, W.J., Hoerl, R.W., & Zinkgraf, S.A. (1999). The impact of Six Sigma improvement -- A glimpse into the future of statistics. The American Statistician, 53(3),

Mccabe, P.T. (2004). Contemporary ergonomics 2004. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

D. Facilities, Equipment and Improvements

For the proposed venture all that is needed is an office with high speed Internet, meeting rooms and proximity to the primary customer base. Programming, professional services, marketing, sales and service can be run out of a standard office building. The requirements for the data center hosting the Web content monetization suite of applications include security, SLA compliance and uptime guarantees and support for multitenant-based delivery of the application (Lager, 2008). In addition there must be shared risk for SLA performance so the data centers have ownership of their performance to the customer level (Katzan, Dowling, 2010).

E. Capacity Levels and Inventory Management

There is no inventory as the proposed venture is leasing yearly access to a Web content monetization suite of applications. Capacity levels therefore are more determined by the capacity of data from customers, specifically from their enterprise content management, digital asset management…

References

Creeger, M.. (2009). CTO Roundtable: Cloud Computing. Association for Computing Machinery. Communications of the ACM, 52(8), 50.

Ghalimi, I. (2008). SaaS 2.0 onward! Business process management as an on-demand capability -- Interview with Ismael Ghalimi of Intalio. Journal of Digital Asset Management, 4(5), 252-259.

Steve Hoberman. (2010). Data Modeling in the Cloud: Will the cloud make our data management jobs easier or harder?. Information Management, 20(2), 32.

Katzan, H., & Dowling, W.. (2010). Software-As-A-Service Economics. The Review of Business Information Systems, 14(1), 27-37.

Improving the CM Suite of Software Applications at SAP

SAP AG (NYSE:SAP) is the worldwide leader in Enterprise esource Planning (EP) and one of the top companies globally in Customer elationship management (CM) software as well. While their dominance in EP is solid, with Gartner, a leading industry research firm reporting that SAP has 25% global market share today, it's global CM market share trails Salesforce.com who is the worldwide leader with 14% market share worldwide (SAP Investor elations, 2013). SAP is second globally with 12.9% market share. There are many factors contributing to SAP trailing Salesforce.com, the most significant being the slow response to the shift to cloud computing platforms in general, and migrating their CM applications onto a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) delivery model. Salesforce is the global leader in CM due to their rapid development of CM applications on the SaaS platform, greater responsiveness to their growing customer base,…

References

Bednarz, A. (2006). SAP unveils hosted CRM plans. Network World, 23(5), 45-45.

Coman, A. & Ronen, B. 2009, "Focused SWOT: diagnosing critical strengths and weaknesses," International Journal of Production Research, vol. 47, no. 20, pp. 5677.

Elmuti, D., Jia, H., & Gray, D. (2009). Customer relationship management strategic application and organizational effectiveness: An empirical investigation. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 17(1), 75.

Fonseca, B. (2007). SAP unveils web 2.0 look for its CRM tool. Computerworld, 41(50), 12-12.

Life: Balancing Agility and Discipline: A Guide for the Perplexed

Boehem and Turner define the first part of their book Balancing Agility and Discipline: A Guide for the Perplexed along the daily life of a traditional software developer, following the course of a spiral project development, designed to reduce potential defects, and then providing Model-Based Software Engineering (MBASE) and the Rational Unified Process as potential alternative models with which developers can use. The potential problems both models can face often recall the depressing Beatles song of the same name, "A Day in the Life." Boehm and Turner essentially use both of their examples to advise potential developers against using a risky, unplanned strategy. This may be based in the author's background in government and academic design sectors, rather than the faster pace of private industry.

hen advising the reader about finding the best balance between agility and discipline, they tend…

Work cited

Boehm, Barry and Richard Turner. (2004) Balancing Agility and Discipline: A Guide for the Perplexed. New York: Addison-Wesley.

Social Engineering as it Applies to Information Systems Security

The research takes into account several aspects that better create an overview of the term and the impact it has on security systems. In this sense, the first part of the analysis reviews the concept of social engineering and the aspects it entails. Secondly, it provides a series of cases that were influenced by social engineering and the effects each had on the wider picture of information security. Thirdly, the research looks at what policies are set in place to avoid this type of practice and how has the information security society responded to the threat posed by social engineering. Finally, possible solutions to the issues social engineering raises are also presented in the context of the increased technological environment in which business is conducted in the world we live in today.

General aspects on social engineering

A non-academic definition of…

References

Allen, Malcolm. "Social Engineering: A Means To Violate A Computer System," SANS Institute, 2006, available online at  https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/engineering/social-engineering-means-violate-computer-system-529 

Dimension Research. "The Risk Of Social Engineering On Information Security:

A Survey Of It Professionals" in Dimension Research, Sept. 2011, available online at  http://www.checkpoint.com/press/downloads/social-engineering-survey.pdf 

Honan, Mat. "How Apple and Amazon Security Flaws Led to My Epic Hacking" in Wired. 8 June 2012, available at  http://www.wired.com/2012/08/apple-amazon-mat-honan-hacking/

This underlines the notion that engineering does not exist in a vacuum, but rather is only useful insofar as it is utilized. The importance of computers in aerospace has only grown as the decades have passed, so full technology literacy both in utilization and in describing needs are important skills for the aerospace engineer (Bishop 1994).

One of the most important ethical considerations for aerospace engineers set forth in the Engineers Australia Code of Ethics (2000) is the necessity for engineers to keep their clients and/or employers well aware of any discoveries or developments that will have a negative impact on the project. Given the costs of development and production that most aircraft and spacecraft entail, such news is likely to be most unwelcome, yet it is the ethical obligation of the engineer to put the safety and integrity of the craft above all other concerns, even if the issues…

References

Bishop, A. (1994). "The Role of Computer Networks in Aerospace Engineering." Library trends, Spring 1994. pp. 694-729.

Engineers Australia Code of Ethics. (2000). Accessed 13 November 2009.  http://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/shadomx/apps/fms/fmsdownload.cfm?file_uuid=F0647595-C7FE-7720-EA17-70AC27062E0B&siteName=ieaust 

Garner, G. (2002). Careers in engineering. New York: McGraw Hill.

Raymer, D. (2006). Aircraft engineering: A conceptual approach. Washington, D.C.: AIAA.

Spamming involves receiving deceptive mail like one has won the lottery then engineers ask for information to receive payment so as to gain financially or for social gains. For fake spyware, they claim to have utilities that are anti-spyware but are actually the spyware that can hack into your system. The engineers in this case pretend to be genuine and are out to offer solutions.

Protecting individuals from social engineering

There are various ways to prevent social engineering when one is using the internet. People should update themselves on the new techniques that social engineers are using. People should always contact their banks or any other financial institution using unknown sites or links. A website can never be assumed to be legitimate just by looking at it, it is important to ensure from experts that a website that is being used to give crucial information is a secured website.

It…

References

Social- engineer. (2010). Security Through Education. Retrieved October13, 2010, from  http://www.social-engineer.org/ 

Podgorecki, A. And Alexander, J. (1996) Social Engineering: Internet Fraud. New York:

McGill-Queen's Press

Thapar, A. (2008. November 19). Sophisticated Engineering Techniques in Business. Time magazine, 160(5), 24-26.

Computer system engineers also have the role of identifying risks within the manufacturing industry in which case they serve as proactive troubleshooters, finding out possible problems and making plans on how to solve evade them. Problems are commonly experienced at interfaces, especially internal, thus to carry out this role the computer systems engineers need to closely scrutinize subsystem-to-subsystem interfaces. While these engineers are trying so hard to design subsystems that will work they also have to keep an eye on each subsystem so that it does not interfere with the others. In order to avoid such problems, computer systems engineers need to posses a wide experience, have relevant and useful knowledge of the domain, and have the interest of learning continuously (Sheared 1996).

Due to the broad viewpoint possessed by computer systems engineers there are is a tendency of companies asking them to coordinate groups and help in the resolution…

Reference list

Alford, R.S. 1988. Computer systems engineering management, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.

Harris, E.C. 2009. Engineering ethics: Concepts and cases (4th ed.), Cengage Learning, Canada.

Kossiakoff, A. & Sweet, W.N. 2003. Systems engineering principles and practice, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey.

Sheared, S.A. 1996. Twelve systems engineering roles, accessed 18 July 2010

Computer Maintenance
Importance of Hardware and Software for the Computer
Computer hardware refers to the physical entities of a computer like a motherboard, keyboard, mouse, RAM, hard drive etc. These components are designed to perform particular functions that are directed by the software. The hardware components are used to power and control the computer making is usable. Most of the hardware components are mostly hidden meaning that they are not seen and are enclosed within the casing of the computer. Hardware and software are interconnected. Without software hardware of the computer would not have any function. Computer hardware is limited to the specific tasks that are taken independently. Software consists of the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a particular task. Software has the ability to perform numerous tasks as opposed to hardware which only performs mechanical tasks that it is designed for. Software is important because it…

Katunin, A., Dragan, K., & Dziendzikowski, M. (2015). Damage identification in aircraft composite structures a case study using various non-destructive testing techniques. Composite Structures, 127, 1-9.

he research article shows that the application of composite structure has become increasing popular in the aerospace industry based on their unique properties, which include excellent weight ratio, strength, and corrosion resistance. o ascertain a safety of composite elements and structural integrity on aircraft, it is critical to test the structural integrity. hus, the authors test three composite structures developed from plastic, glass fiber reinforced, and hybrid composite along with the core manufactured using the same aluminum fact sheets and materials. he authors perform the test using various techniques that include ultrasonic, PZ sensing, vibration -based in section and thermography to analyze the application of the methods on aircraft elements. he results of the analysis reveal that pulsed thermography and ultrasonic scanning have allowed…

The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of experimental data combined with semi-empirical procedures to predict the strength of joints and basic laminate properties function. With an increase in the use of advanced composite structural materials, there is a need to enhance a greater understanding of the mechanical behaviors and mechanically fastened joints. The authors present a comprehensive review of the literature to enhance a greater understanding of "mechanics of mechanically fastened joints in polymer -- matrix composite structures." Thoppul, Finegan, & Gibson, 2009 p 301). The authors also examine relevant mechanical test standards and method. The review is followed by a discussion of joint design methodology, mechanical design, the influence of fastener preload selection and geometric effect. The article also examines the bearing failure along with the failure prediction both in dynamically and statically loaded joints. Finally, the study evaluates the effect of moisture and temperature on failure and strength.

Konka, H. P., Wahab, M. A., & Lian, K. (2013). Piezoelectric fiber composite transducers for health monitoring in composite structures. Sensors and Actuators, A194, 84-94.

Konka et al. (2013) investigate "sensing characteristics of piezoelectric fiber composite transducers (PFCTs)" (p 84) to evaluate an effectiveness of embedded sensor within the composite structures in order to monitor strain and stress concentration level. The PECT is used to predict the possibility of damage under the dynamic loads to avoid brittle failures and eventual catastrophic. The article believes that the PFCT is an ideal choice for the application of composite structures because it is easily embeddable, highly flexible, and highly compatible with composite manufacturing strategy. It is also believed that PECT is able to withstand stress when inside the composite structures.

Social Engineering and Information Security

We are in an age of information explosion and one of the most critical problems facing us is the security and proper management of information. Advanced hardware and software solutions are being constantly developed and refined to patch up any technical loopholes that might allow a hacker attack and prevent consequent breach of information security. While this technical warfare continues, hackers are now pursuing other vectors of attack. Social engineering refers to the increasing employment of techniques, both technical and non-technical, that focus on exploiting the cognitive bias in humans as the weakest link in computer security. What is shocking is the fact that in spite of the great vulnerability to human exploitation, there prevails a seemingly careless attitude in this regard in the corporate world. While more and more money is spent on beefing up hardware security and in acquiring expensive software solutions, little…

References

1) Christopher Hadnagy (2011), 'Social Engineering: The Art of Human Hacking', Wiley Publishing Inc.

2) Greg Sandoval, (Feb 2007), 'FTC to Court: Put an end to pretexting operations', Retrieved Mar 5th 2011 from,  http://news.cnet.com/FTC-to-court-Put-an-end-to-pretexting-operations/2100-7348_3-6159871.html?tag=lia;rcol 

3) Mindi McDowell, (Oct 2009), 'National Cyber Alert System: Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing attacks', retrieved Mar 5th 2011 from, http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/tips/ST04-014.html

4) Sonja Ryst, (July, 2006), ' The Phone is the latest Phishign Rod', retrieved Mar 5th 2011 from,  http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/jul2006/tc20060710_811021.htm

Advertisement

Reverse Engineering Marketing Messages

MacBook Pro

MacBook Pro (Apple, 2012)

The Apple MacBook Pro-is a powerhouse of a laptop that features some of the greatest hardware available at this time. Although the computer's hardware is more than adequate to provide the processing power necessary to run the most sophisticated software packages, what Apple focuses on the most is the Retina display that represents the next generation of display technology. The Retina display offers a bright and crisp display that can be viewed from virtually any angle. Previous generations of displays, as well as inferior models, could only be viewed at a certain range of angles and under certain lighting conditions. For example, you cannot see the display on most monitors from the side or in direct sunlight.

The product is being promoted in a traditional Apple style. One the primary commercial video the laptop is at the center of…

Works Cited

Apple. (2012). MacBook Pro. Retrieved from Apple:  http://www.apple.com/macbook-pro/ 

Apple. (2012, June 11). MacBook Pro-with retina display-Every Dimension-commercial. Retrieved from YouTube:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U9z3RWmZEjs 

Bradley, T. (2011, August 29). Microsoft Office 365 Review: Online Productivity Suite Offers Top-Notch Integration. Retrieved from CNET:  http://www.pcworld.com/article/238982/microsoft_office_365_review_online_productivity_suite_offers_topnotch_integration.html 

Microsoft. (2012, June 6). Microsoft Office 365. Retrieved from YouTube:  http://www.youtube.com/user/MicrosoftOffice365?WT.srch=1&WT.mc_id=PS_google_Office+365_Educate_Promoted+Videos_office%20365_Text

A burned wall collapses onto a crane which falls and injures Flo, a bystander.

Issue -- on what legal grounds could Flo recover damages from Dan.

Legal Issues -- Clearly, Dan was the actus reus, or specific instrument of an action in which other events flowed. It is not just Flo that can recover damages, but the gas station, the construction company and/or tenant, and the owner of the crane. While Dan did not plan the actions, he was liable for deliberate conduct regarding the events; he was reckless in that he knew (we assume he has passed a valid driver's test) that one should not leave a vehicle running and without an emergency brake.

Discussion -- Negligence is a breach of conduct or a failure to take reasonable care, intention or not. ecklessness means that the person was deliberate and aware of their actions, not necessarily the consequences. eckless…

REFERENCES

Clarkson, K., et.al. (2006). West's Business Law: Text and Cases. Mason, OH: Thompson

Higher Education.

Career Application and Communications Software

Mobile-based Customer elationship Management (CM) Applications

Of the many software applications that sales professionals rely on daily, their Customer elationship Management (CM) systems are the most essential for informing existing customers of new products and sales, and tracking new ones. Of the many selling and service strategies that CM systems enable, the most valuable is in gaining a 360-degree view of customers and ensuring every department in an organization stays focused on their needs and wants (Beasty, 2007). CM systems provide sales teams with the ability to coordinate their selling efforts across the company, getting needed support and collaboration with the diverse departments and divisions that they rely on to sell products and services. An example of how a typical CM is organized is shown in Figure 1, Microsoft CM System Design. The design of CM systems is predicated on creating a system of record…

References

Beasty, C. (2007, Mobile CRM. Customer Relationship Management, 11, 38-41.

Croteau, A., & Li, P. (2003). Critical success factors of CRM technological initiatives. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 20(1), 21-34.

Read, B.B. (2008). Mobile CRM: "are we there yet?." Customer [email protected] Solutions, 27(5), 22-25.

Yang, S., & Rhee, J. (2009). Study of the wireless/wire integration CRM gateway for the effective application of event CRM for small and medium sized enterprises. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 57(2), 571.

Database Software

Comparing Microsoft Access, SQL, IBM DB2 and Oracle databases is presented in this analysis, taking into account the key features of ACID Compliance, Data partitioning, interface options, referential integrity, operating systems supported, and support for transactions and Unicode. Each of these factors is initially defined followed by a table comparing them across the database types.

Definition of Comparison Factors

At their most fundamental level, all databases have support for relational data models and the ability to index data through the use of a wide variety of taxonomies or organizational structures (Basumallick, Wong, 1996). elational Database Management Systems (DBMS) however all have the ability to manage transactions with the greatest efficiency given the design of these systems to support multiple transactions at once, running concurrently from each other. The characteristic of an operating system being able to manage thousands of concurrent transactions at the same time is often referred…

References

Basumallick, Swagato, & Wong, Johnny SK. (1996). Design and implementation of a distributed database system. The Journal of Systems and Software, 34(1), 21.

Tony Politano. (2008). Structured and Unstructured: The What, Why and How of Convergence. DM Review, 18(6), 20.

Stonebraker, M.. (2010). In Search of Database Consistency. Association for Computing Machinery. Communications of the ACM, 53(10), 8.

Categories of Software and Their Relationships

Enterprise software -- Used in large-scale businesses, enterprise software is commonplace throughout many of the world's largest companies. This class of software is used for orchestrating complex business processes that require tight integration to ERP, CRM, SCM and pricing systems.

Personal productivity software -- Software including Microsoft Office, Outlook and personal productivity applications. Personal pro0ductivty applications are often used for accessing and analyzing the large-scale databases in enterprise software systems.

Cloud-based software -- Software that resides on servers at diverse, remote locations that are used for managing a wide variety of personal productivity and collaborative tasks. These applications are typically relied on in companies that have diverse working relationships and need to have access to data in nearly real-time.

Explain the relationship of algorithms to software

Algorithms are the foundations of software applications as they orchestrate diverse areas of a program's code that runs…

" (Kotch, 2004) A project management Level 1 would have no clear leader of the project, no clear project objectives, and no clear timetable, or one that "consists mostly of ordering more pizza after midnight," chaotically working overtime without a clear schedule to the detriment of the project and worker morale and sanity. (Kotch, 2004) The level would be characterized by a lack of quality controls and clear managerial standards and objectives, with little supervision and employee 'check ins' in the form of meetings.

Level 2: Defined but inappropriately so Project management at this level would set goals, and have a set schedule, but the goal objectives often create chaos because they were inflexible or unobtainable in the entirety. There may be a clear leader, but there is no clear chain of command beneath the leader. Critically, there is an absence of standard operating procedures for management and ways of…

Works Cited

Bemberger, J. (June 1997) Essence of the Capability Maturity Model. IEEE Computer, p. 112-114.

CMM official Website. (2005) Official website of CMM. Retrieved 15 Jan 2005 at  http://www.sei.cmu.edu/cmm/cmm.html 

Kotch, Christopher. (March 1, 2004) "Bursting the CMM Hype." CIO Magazine. Retrieved 15 Jan 2005 at  http://www.cio.com/archive/030104/cmm.html?printversion=yes 

People CMM. (2005) University of Massachusetts website: Process Frameworks. Retrieved 15 Jan 2005 at  http://www2.umassd.edu/SWPI/processframework/cmm/pcmm.html

International Trade

Managing Offshoring Software Projects From U.S.-based Locations

In the article and research cited in An Empirical Investigation of Client Managers esponsibilities on Managing Offshore Outsourcing of Software-Testing Projects (Jain, Poston, Simon, 2011) the dynamics of outsourcing alliances with American companies and Indian service providers' shows signs of becoming more efficient through the use of collaboration technologies and more effective quality management techniques. The cultural, ethical and financial implications of Indian outsourcers becoming more efficient in working with American companies are having a risk reduction effect in the short-term and an acceleration of innovation in the long-term (Zhao, Watanabe, 2010). From a social perspective, Indian outsourcers are finding strategies for attaining a higher level of customer satisfaction level not attainable in previous iterations of their business models (Bairi, Manohar, 2011).

Analysis

The cumulative effect of ethical, cultural and financial factors on the operations of Indian outsourcers throughout the United…

References

Bairi, J., & Manohar, B.M. (2011). Critical success factors in gaining user customer satisfaction in outsourced IT services. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 24(6), 475-493.

Hofstede, G. (1983). The cultural relativity of organizational practices and theories. Journal of International Business Studies, 14(2), 75-75.

Jain, R.P., Poston, R.S., & Simon, J.C. (2011). An empirical investigation of client managers' responsibilities in managing offshore outsourcing of software-testing projects. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 58(4), 743.

Zhao, W., & Watanabe, C. (2010). Risk management in software outsourcing -- a portfolio analysis of India's case based on software export market constitution. Journal of Services Research, 10(1), 143-155.

Longitudinal evaluation of a GIS laboratory in a transportation engineering course," Bham, Cernusca, Luna and Manepalli look at the effectiveness of a geographic information system-based tutorial in the teaching of transportation engineering. The authors studied students who were given this form of tutorial in conjunction with other learning techniques. They found that the students who received this tutorial performed better than those who did not. The paper serves to build the body of evidence with respect to GIS as a teaching technique for this subject. The authors sought to show that this technique is effective, and they accomplished that. The study was significantly rigorous to make a reasonable contribution to this field of study.

The article initially introduces the problem. They noted that "previous studies reveal that ... entry-level engineers lack significant exposure to transportation engineering methodologies" despite having hourly requirements for study in transportation-related courses in civil engineering programs…

References

Bham, G., Cernusca, D., Luna, R. & Manepalli, U. (2011). Longitudinal evaluation of a GIS laboratory in a transportation engineering course. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education & Practice. October 2011, 258-266.

PINCE2 vs. DSDM compares and contrasts the two methodologies used in the development of projects. This paper explicitly defines each methodology and outlines its general characteristics and important features. It also explains all the phases involved within each methodology. In the end, the writer's perspective and viewpoint about each approach is given and a conclusion is reached which specifies whether PINCE2 or DSDM is a suitable solution for the development of projects.

PINCE2 Vs. DSDM

Today's business world requires that products along with their provided services be marketed in the shortest possible time span. Nowadays, projects are often inaugurated on a collective basis and institute without having an enumerated understanding of the requirements. There is no doubt that in this fast paced environment, Dynamic System Development Method or DSDM is considered to be the best available publicly practiced method of the apid Application Development or AD model and is exhibiting…

References

DSDM In A Nutshell. Available on the address  http://www.surgeworks.com/dsdm .. Accessed on 21 Mar. 2004.

DSDM And Prince2: The Perfect Marriage Or Strange Bedfellows? Dynamic Systems

Development Method Ltd. 2004. Available on the address http://www.dsdm.org/timebox/issue15/prince2.asp. Accessed on 22 Mar. 2004.

Griffiths, M. & Harrison, D. & Hartell, M. & Hay, G. & Kent, A. & Messenger, S. Using

Explosive impacts of computer and information technology on business and individuals have generated a need to design and develop new computer and software system to incorporate a rapid growing range of computer applications. Software engineers apply the software engineering principles and techniques to design, evaluate, test and implement software systems to enable computer to perform different applications. Software engineers use systematic and quantified approach to design, evaluate, implement software and provide maintenance for software. In other word, software engineering systems use sound engineering principles to design economical and reliable software for business and individual uses. Typically, software engineering principles are used for the development of software application, which include network distribution, and operating system.

Pimentel, et al. (2009) argue the growing integration of application development into web development has made software engineers to apply the principles of document engineering to assist in enhancing the software specifications. Document engineering is an…

References

Blei, D.M. & Lafferty, J.D. (2006). Dynamic topic models. Proceedings of the ICML. ICML'06: 113 -- 120.

Clements, P. Bachmann, F. Bass, L. et al. (2009). Documenting Software Architecture.(Second Edition). Software Engineering Institute.

Forward, A. (2002).Software Documentation -- Building and Maintaining Artefacts of Communication. Thesis submitted In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science degree in Computer Science. University of Ottawa.

Frank, F. (1999). An Associative Documentation Model. University of Berne, Institute of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics (IAM).

Small & Medium Enterprises (SME)

Can Gain the Strategic Benefits of EP

Agility, time-to-market and insights into market dynamics are a few of the many benefits of standardizing the operations of an organization on an Enterprise esource Planning (EP) system. Up until about a decade ago, the economics of enterprise software relegated these systems to larger, more diverse and well-capitalized enterprises, with the majority of EP systems being installed and customized in Fortune 1,000 corporations (Velcu, 2010). These EP implementations began to be pervasively supported by Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) during the later 1990s and continue throughout today. As SOA architectures have permeated organizations, the lessons learned from a business process re-engineering (BP), distributed order management and software engineering gains have contributed to the success of Cloud computing in general and Software-as-a-Service specifically (Moore, 2002). In addition, Open Source Software (OSS), Cloud- and SaaS-based EP systems (Passion for esearch, 2012b)…

References

Darrow, B. & Lingblom, M. 2002, "SAP unveils ERP offerings for SMBs," CRN,, no. 999, pp. 12-12.

Used for determining how SAP is addressing the SME market through their product strategy and their approach to optimizing OPEX-based expenses by SMEs.

Henschen, D. 2010, "SAP SaaS Strategy Needs To Deliver," InformationWeek,, no. 1268, pp. 27-27.

An excellent article showing how SAP's business model is going through major shifts due to the change form CAPEX to OPEX.

Joint Application Design

Describe how joint application design (JAD) might be considered a better information-gathering technique than the traditional method of requirements gathering? What are its shortcomings?

The Joint Application Design (JAD) methodology could potentially be considered a better information gathering methodology compared to more traditional information gathering approaches given its highly structured approach to capturing and validating data. The highly methodical nature of the application design technique that concentrates on identifying critical success factors, project deliverables, scheduling workshop activities, and organizing workshops are all based on information and knowledge transfer (Davidson, 1999). The potential of the JAD technique to increase the level of participation on the part of project participants while also reducing the time and costs associated with the actual research process (Jackson, Embley, 1996). The JAD technique has also shown significant value in bringing experts in specific areas together and gaining useful insights as a result (Davidson,…

References

Beasley, R.E. (1999). Instructional multimedia software development: Implications for the analysis & design phases of the SDLC. The Journal of Computer Information Systems, 40(2), 2-6.

Cao, L., Mohan, K., Xu, P., & Ramesh, B. (2009). A framework for adapting agile development methodologies. European Journal of Information Systems, 18(4), 332-343.

Davidson, E.J. (1999). Joint application design (JAD) in practice. The Journal of Systems and Software, 45(3), 215-223.

Grenci, R.T., & Hull, B.Z. (2004). New dog, old tricks: ERP and the systems development life cycle. Journal of Information Systems Education, 15(3), 277-286.

establishing product vision and product scope? Are there repeated patterns of behavior that cause these barriers?

One of the barriers to creating a coherent product vision and product scope is the perceived limit of time in the corporate lifecycle. By generating and implementing new product ideas faster than its competition, a firm is likely to increase its current market share or even establish a new market. "The question, then, is not whether a company should innovate, but how to reduce innovation cycle time." (Lukas, 39) However, a project manager cannot set unrealistic time goals. The solution is to have a project plan already in place to reduce the time devoted to planning, that is part of the institutional framework, a plan that includes a project vision generating process, as well as helps define every project's scope.

One of the reasons some projects become unwieldy is that they are begun with…

Work Cited

Christel, M. & K. Kang. (12 Oct 2004) "Issues in Requirements Elicitation." Software Engineering Institute. (SEI) Carnegie Mellon University. Retrieved 20 Jan 2004 at  http://www.sei.cmu.edu/publications/documents/92.reports/92.tr.012.html

This system has the ease of being used in any lighthouse irrespective of its current lighting and power systems. Due to this, Vega is the sole company in the world having such advanced technological and optical competencies. Through the system, all the beacons installed can be monitored from a central location, thereby reducing the quantity of false call outs and identifying faults which require manual attention.

Considering the Total Cost of Ownership -- TCO Vega's product offer a low TCO as their IT products recover the average cost of $30,000 for installation since it reduces the $1,250 per hour helicopter-assisted maintenance. The computer-managed systems have to be fail-proof as any type of false call could cost up to $3,500. This system manufactured by Vega uses the interactive technology capable of permitting technicians to switch lights on or off from a remote location. Vega enjoys economies of scale as it has…

References

Vega Industries Ltd.: A History" (May, 2004)

Case Study- Given by client

Configuration Management

Design Methodology for producing Modularity

Aspects of modular product design:

Attribute integrity

Process integrity

Process stability

Details oriented

Scope, procedures, goals, and objectives

Simple configuration control

Minimum requirement for labor

Precise and absolute descriptions of changes in question

Cooperative and responsive customers'

Effective coordination among project team members

111.2 CONFIGUATION Management TEMS AND DEFINITIONS

Software Configuration Management

Configuration Item

Engineering Change equest

121.3 OLES & ESPONSIBILITIES

Configuration Control Board

Parallels between the data and functional design of the plan

Advantages of modularity

142. CONSIDEATIONS

ELATIONSHIP TO SYSTEMS ENGINEEING

142.2 ELATIONSHIP TO POGAM Management

142.3 ELATIONSHIP TO SOFTWAE ENGINEEING

163. CONFIGUATION Management (CM)

173.1 CM POCESS

Process Overview

183.2 CM PLANNING AND Management

183.4 CONFIGUATION CHANGE Management

193.5 CONFIGUATION STATUS ACCOUNTING

213.6 CONFIGUATION VEIFICATION AND AUDIT

Conclusion

234. APPENDIX A EFEENCES

255. APPENDIX B. SAMPLE CM PLAN

Acronyms Used

CM -- Configuration Management

SOA - Service Oriented Architecture

CCBs…

REFERENCES

Buckley, Fletcher J., Implementing Configuration Management: Hardware, Software, Firmware,

Second Edition, IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ: 1993

Daniels, M.A., Principles of Configuration Management, Advanced Application Consultants,

Inc., Rockville, MD: 1985

HIT Projects and Decision Makers

Describe an example of a HIT project implemented at your organization and analyze how that project was identified and moved forward.

One of the most commonly used health information technology (HIT) systems currently in use throughout America's medical industry is the SigmaCare electronic medical records (EM) system. After being implemented within my organization over three years ago, the SigmaCare EM system provided immediate enhancements to the hospital's overall ability to process patients efficiently while producing positive patient outcomes. Administrative and operational tasks were expedited through the use of SigmaCare's proprietary esident Data Exchange (DX) software, which allows for the creation of real-time links between hospital departments to eliminate redundant data entries. The process of implementing SigmaCare's EM system throughout the hospital was orderly and organized, guided by the collaborative efforts of administrators and mangers utilizing the SigmaCare Orientation eadiness Engagement (SCOE) program, which equips hospitals…

References

Madsen, M. (2010). Knowledge and information modeling. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 151, 84-103.

Peleg, M. (2011). The role of modeling in clinical information system development life cycle. Methods of Information in Medicine, 50(1), 7-10.

Philip, A., Afolabi, B., Adeniran, O., Oluwatolani, O., & Ishaya, G. (2010). Towards an efficient information systems development process and management: A review of challenges and proposed strategies. Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, 3(10), 983-989.

Szydlowski, S., & Smith, C. (2009). Perspectives from nurse leaders and chief information officers on health information technology implementation. Hospital Topics, 87(1), 3-9.

Mandatory Procedures for Major Defense Acquisition Programs (MDAPS) and Major Automated Information System (MAIS) Acquisition Programs

Overview of DOD 5000.2-R

DOD Regulation 5000.2-R of 1996 specifies "Mandatory Procedures for Major Defense Acquisition Programs (MDAPS) and Major Automated Information Systems (MAIS)"

Its stated purpose is "to establish a simplified and flexible management framework for translating mission needs into stable, affordable, and well-managed programs" (DOD 5000.2-R). The regulation is organized into six parts with six appendices and contains thousands of specific requirements pertaining to acquisition programs. In contrast to DOD 5000.2-R, which defines an overarching DOD acquisition management process and mandatory procedures, the FAR regulates acquisition planning and contracting.

Analysis of DOD 500.2-R in Relation to Systems Engineering

Mandatory procedures for acquiring major systems are prescribed in DOD 5000.2-R

. These requirements will influence choices in acquisition planning for product lines. Despite the comprehensive size of DOD 5000.2-R, there are only a…

Works Cited

Clements, P. & Northrop, L. A Framework for Software Product Line Practice, Version 1.1

[Online]. Pittsburgh, PA: Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, March 1999. .

Department of Defense. Regulation 5000.2-R: Mandatory Procedures for Major Defense

Acquisition Programs (MDAPS) and Major Automated Information System (MAIS) Acquisition Programs. 1996.

Generally, the classification of model transformation tools is based on whether it is declarative or operational, directionality or multiplicity.

The study further discusses the sub-categories of model transformation that include:

hybrid transformation tools, graph transformation, relational, template based, operational based, structure driven and direct manipulation.

All the sub-categories of model transformation have the following features:

Hybrid transformation combines two or more transformation approaches;

Graph transformation focuses on graph rewriting over variation and extensions of labeled graphs.

Relational approach uses declarative approach-based mathematical relations; template approach uses model template specifications.

ATL Transformation Tool

The project reveals that ATL is one of the effective transformation tools used to semantic or syntactic translation and it is built on transformation Virtual Machine model. The ATL was developed from the ATLAS framework, which enabled the specification of one or more target models. The project further reveals that ATL is hybrid language providing the mix of…

Works Cited

Braun, P. & Marschall, F. BOTL The Bidirectional Object Oriented Transformation

Language. Institut fur Informatik Technische Universitat Munchen. 2003.

Cremers, A.B. Alda, S. & Rho, T. Chapter 13, Mapping Models to Code Object-Oriented Software .Construction. University of Bonn. German. 2009.

Einarsson, H.P. Refactoring UML Diagram and Models with Model-to-Model Transformation . Master of Science in Software Engineering, University of Iceland. 2011.

Program Management

Projects Compared - Belbin analysis

In order to find a way through which the success of teams could be predicted Dr. Meredith Belbin, a management psychologists, worked in collaboration with Henley Management College in the early 1970s. Business simulations were used in running some experiments for the research by Dr. Meredith Belbin. Participants were divided according to different psychological types such as if they are introvert or extrovert etc. It was his hope to find a team mix that is perfect. In 5 years' times he was able to establish the fact that in particular types of projects specific clusters or patterns can be made use of in order to predict the success of a team (Bennett, 2001). There is often a preference found in the minds of the individuals regarding these clusters. It was also established by him that it can never happen that one team can…

References

Beck, K. (2000). Extreme Programming Explained. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley.

Belbin, M.R. (1981) Management Teams, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Belbin, M.R. (1993). Team Roles at Work. Butterworth-Heinemann, Ltd., Oxford

Belbin, M.R. (1996). The Coming Shape of Organization. Butterworth Heinemann

The following diagram represents the structure of the idea.

Figure 2. Project flow pursuant to Plan Abu Dhabi 2030: Urban Structure Framework Plan

Objectives of the Study

The overarching objective of this study is to build a solid portfolio management application that connects all the local governments of Abu Dhabi emirates in ways that will allow them to collaborate on various projects pursuant to Plan Abu Dhabi 2030 through one unified system from their offices without wasting time on face-to-face meetings, as well as introducing the potential for the leaking of information through channels that provide the opportunity for unauthorized access. This objective also include the need to develop a solid it security infrastructure by building strategies, recruiting qualified staff, implementing the latest technologies and best practices as identified in the research.

The study was guided by the following specific objectives:

1. Achieve cost effectiveness once the portfolio management software…

References

Andress, a. (2003). Surviving security: How to integrate people, process, and technology.

Boca Raton, FL: Auerbach.

Bhimani, a. (2003). Management accounting in the digital economy. Oxford: Oxford University

Press.

Smith provided the appropriate managerial direction which struck the right balance between creativity, performance and productivity. His farsightedness which encompassed a wide vision was long-term, ambitious and the same time entirely practical and feasible. (Section 7: Leadership and Management, p. 243)

Having earlier steered a floundering company towards a successful path, Smith's work was uphill. He had to drastically change the organizational culture and structure while reducing conflict within the very talented set of employees and provide them with a collective direction. He was also expected to reduce the atmosphere of uncertainty prevailing in the organization and use the "countercultures" of the earlier two companies to foster innovation and creativity and thus get a competitive advantage for the new organization. (Section 2: Organizations & Culture, p. 64)

d. Organizational goals, vision, mission, objectives and values

Organizational mission defines the very reason for its existence. It basically refers to a general…

References

Banerjee, M., 1995. Organization behaviour. Allied Publishers Limited.

Bryan, Lowell. L; Joyce, Claudia I., 2007. Better strategy through organizational design. McKinsey Quarterly, no. 2, pp: 22-29.

De Laurentis, Giacomo., 2004. Strategy and organization of corporate banking. Springer.

Gitman, Lawrence J; McDaniel, Carl. 2009., The Future of Business: The Essentials. South Western Cengage Learning.

..] is used to create forms for data input and display. (the) links to office applications (are represented by) a spreadsheet for the analysis and manipulation of numeric information or a word processor for report template creation. (the) report generator is used to define and create reports from information in the database."

The number of studies which actually reveal implications of AD usage within online commercial operations is quite limited. However, when presented with the available materials, the reader can form several opinions relative to the feature. For instance, since the development cycles are reduced, the final product (or at least a working version of the final product) will be quickly presented to the user. This will consequently increase his satisfaction. Consider the basic example where a software company is contracted to develop and maintain a website for Wal-Mart. The contractor desires that the website presented their customers with all…

References

Maner, W., 1997, Rapid Application Development, Bowling Green State University,  http://csweb.cs.bgsu.edu/maner/domains/RAD.htmL . Ast accessed on June 16, 2008

Hamilton, M., Kern, H., November 16, 2001, Customer-Oriented Rapid Application Development (CoRAD), Inform it,  http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=24111,last  accessed on June 18, 2008

McFarlane, N., November 2003, Rapid Application Development with Mozilla (Bruce Peren's Open Source Series), Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference

Sommerville, I., June 2006, Software Engineering 7.5, International Computer Science Series, Addison Wesley, 8th Edition

Here, we can observe several of the greatest benefits of assistive technology in special education. Such is to say that many linguistic, mathematic or otherwise basic educational programs may be designed to help facilitate the special needs learner through audio assistance, special contextualization and personal customization.

Additionally, the learning disabled individual, by virtue of his interaction with the educational properties offered by an effective software program, will achieve a level of learning autonomy not otherwise afforded to him in the traditional inclusion classroom setting. This is something of an alleviation of learning obstacles for primary educational advocates as well as a boost to the student's potential for autonomy at any level, let alone in mathematics. Assistive technology software programs may also have the added benefit of helping to improve hand-eye coordination, with the use of a mixed-media approach combining physical interaction with knowledge retention and helping the learner make new…

Works Cited:

Hatton, D. & Hatton, K. (2013). Apps for Students with LD: Organization & Study. National Center for Learning Disabilities.

Smith, M. (2009). Assistive Technology for Use With Mathematics. SlideShare.net.

Stanberry, K. & Raskind, M.H. (2012). Assistive Technology for Kids With Learning Disabilities: An Overview. Reading Rockets.

University of Texas at Austin. (2008). Classroom Assistive Technology Devices. Utexas.edu.

There are many more different quantitative and qualitative metrics that have been engineered to assess and reduce security risk. Structured as quantitative or qualitative -- meaning that some are structured according to empirical, mathematical rules (quantitative; usually from disciplines such as finance), whilst others are structured in an experiential manner derived from interviews, observation, and so forth (qualitative) -- each has its benefits and disadvantages.

Uses of security metrics and how organizations benefit from them

The benefits of security metrics fall into three broad classes:

1. Strategic support -- Security metrics help tighten the security of different kinds of organizational decision-making such as planning programs, product and service selection, and resource allocation.

2. Quality assurance - Security metrics are used during the software development lifecycle in order to prevent and screen out vulnerabilities, particularly during the code production. They do this by executing functions such as measuring the system's adherence…

Reference

Bojanc, R. & Jerman-Blazoc, B. (2008), an economic modeling approach to information security risk management. International Journal of Information Management 28 (2008) 413 -- 422

Chowdhary, a., & Mezzeapelle, M.A. (n.d.) Information Security metrics. Hewlett Packard.

Jansen, W. (n.d.) Directions in security metrics research. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

 http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistir/ir7564/nistir-7564_metrics-research.pdf

, Minoves, Garrigos, 2011). UNIX and Linux are considered the best possible operating system for managing the development of unified collaboration and workflow-based applications as a result (West, Dedrick, 2006).

For all the advantages of UNIX and Linux, the disadvantages include a development and administrator environment that is archaic and command-driven, lacking much of the usability enhancements that Apple and Microsoft both have invested heavily in. The UNIX and Linux user command lines are more adept at managing the specific features and commands at the operating system level, and often must be coordinated in a shells script to accomplish complex tasks. This has led to many utilities and add-on applications being created, which tends to confuse the novice just getting started on the UNIX and Linux operating systems. The learning curve for UNIX and Linux from a user standpoint is quite high and takes months to master at the system…

References

Currier, G.. (2010, November). The Top 10 Tech Trends of 2011. Baseline,(107), 20-25.

Ken Doughty. (2003). Implementing enterprise security: A case study. Computers & Security, 22(2), 99-114.

Shelley, Suzanne. (1996). The quest for seamless data integration. Chemical Engineering, 103(2), 127.

Torkar, R., Minoves, P., & Garrigos, J.. (2011). Adopting Free/Libre/Open Source Software Practices, Techniques and Methods for Industrial Use. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 12(1), 88-122.

Stage 1 or Understanding the Problem

The UP recommends using business use cases for locating purposes which have two qualities:(1) easy to understand and (2) easy for the client to use. The UP does not clarify how these "use cases" should be analyzed to determine what is in the NIMSAD purview. To identify sections of the business that need to be examined, ETHICS uses a stakeholder method that demonstrates all parties interacting with the system. ETHICS harbors a more "macro-view" in comprehending project priorities.

Step 2: Diagnostic Evaluations

The UP does not attempt to challenge any requirements which devolve from the client. There is no way to accurately analyze whether total autonomy of the system would provide any productive cost-benefit analysis for the overall organization. ETHICS advises that analysis should be conducted on the current situation to prevent the analyst from developing "tunnel vision" and focusing on the first solution…

References:

Avison, D. & Fitzgerald, G. (2006). Information Systems Development Methodologies, Techniques & Tools, 4th Edition,

McGraw Hill.

Ahamd, SandJochen, K (2008). Welcome to the IBM Rational Unified Process and Certification.Available at  http://www.ibmpressbooks.com/articles/article.asp?p=1155863&seqNum=2  [Accessed on 24/10/2010]

Boehm B, (1996). Anchoring the Software Process. IEEE Computer Society Press: USA. Vol 13 (4).

This research proposal looks to determine how the selection of a given cloud platform impacts user intention, satisfaction and long-term adoption.

In order to evaluate the contributions of each of these platforms, each is briefly reviewed within the context of this literature review. First, the most commonly used one in start-up cloud database service providers, Amazon Web Services (AWS), is analyzed. AWS is comprised of the following components: Amazon DynamoDB and SimpleDB Services, Amazon Elastic Cloud Service (EC2), Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS), Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3), Amazon elational Database Service (DS) and Amazon SQS. Amazon has also developed a cloud-based content sharing service that capitalizes on the depth of database expertise and support in this platform. Called Amazon CloudFront, this specific Web Service is designed to allow for Amazon ElastiCache configuration and use of a secured Cloud DNS service called oute 53. All of these technologies are combined…

References

Arias-Cabarcos, P., Almenarez-Mendoza, F., Marin-Lopez, a., Diaz-Sanchez, D., & Sanchez-Guerrero, R. (2012). A metric-based approach to assess risk for "on cloud" federated identity management. Journal of Network and Systems Management, 20(4), 513-533.

Arinze, B., & Anandarajan, M. (2010). Factors that determine the adoption of cloud computing: A global perspective. International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems, 6(4), 55.

Becker, J.U., Greve, G., & Albers, S. (2010). Left behind expectations: HOW to PREVENT CRM IMPLEMENTATIONS FROM FAILING. GfK Marketing Intelligence Review, 2(2), 34-41,64.

Armbrust, M., Fox, a., Griffith, R., Joseph, a.D., Katz, R., Konwinski, a., Zaharia, M. (2010). A view of cloud computing. Association for Computing Machinery.Communications of the ACM, 53(4), 50.

intext citations. Thanks First, there are several software development techniques that can be used in the development process. The waterfall approach proposes a sequence of phase whereby one phase is determined by the completion of the previous phase (CMS, 2008). This would mean, for example, that the design phase needs to be completed before the actual development phase begins, which needs to be completed before the testing phase starts. Certainly, there are occasional overlaps, but the project evolves over a strict period of time, following a strict schedule, with pre-determined deliveries at certain moments.

Another alternative is the rapid application development (RAD). As the name shows, this technique aims to provide the best and fastest development solution, where the emphasis is not necessarily on developing the highest quality software, but rather a functional software, in exchange for higher efficiencies and for being able to deliver at a lower price.

A…

Bibliography

1. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. 2008. Selecting a Development Approach. On the Internet at  http://www.cms.gov/SystemLifecycleFramework/Downloads/SelectingDevelopmentApproach.pdf . Last retrieved on January 30, 2012

2. Boehm, Barry; Thayer, Richard. 1986. Tutorial: software engineering project management. Computer Society Press of the IEEE.

UMUC Haircuts Stage

Process Models -- Technology Solution

Strategy for Competitive Advantage: Increase customer loyalty and customer base (from advertising and foot traffic) through marketing and the assessment of the shop location and potential marketing partners.

Business Process to Improve: Employee scheduling.

Business Process Explanation

Current business process. Scheduling employees is one of the most time consuming tasks facing Myra, the owner of UMUC Haircuts. The current employee scheduling process is conducted entirely by hand. When Myra hires a new employee, she asks them to identify their availability according to three categories: 1) Best and most consistently free days and times; 2) generally free days and times; and 3) days and times reserved for personal needs. Myra makes every effort to work with her employees to optimally schedule according to their personal needs, which include time to attend classes, work a second job, and care for their children or elderly…

References

Bucklin, L.P. And Sengupta, S. (1993, April). Organizing successful co-marketing alliances. Journal of Marketing, 57(2), 32-46. Retrieved http://groups.haas.berkeley.edu/marketing/PAPERS/PBUCKLIN/organ.txt

Heineman, G.T. And Councill, W.T. (Eds.) (2011). Component-based software engineering: Putting the pieces together. Addison-Wesley, Boston, MA.

OSdata.com. (2006). Retrieved http://www.osdata.com/system/system.html

Database Administrator

hat It Takes To Be A Database Administrator

A database can be defined as an organized collection of data, most probably in digitized form. Data is organized within such databases primarily in such a way that it displays and supports the processing of the relevant aspects of the information as it is required by those who use the database. Databases are usually software management systems that are quite complex. The complexity is embedded in these databases to ensure the presence of security, and is also inherent due to the nature or quality of the information they carry, i.e., large amount of important data. [1: Microsoft. "Database Basics." Microsoft Office. March 2012 .]

Nowadays, the utilization of databases is so widespread amongst every sector of the business, that almost every other product, whether small or large, and technology, whether existing or latest, is dependent upon the usage of databases…

Work CitedSpeciss College. ."Database Administrator." 19 March 2010. .Microsoft. "Database Basics." Microsoft Office. March 2012 .Prakken Publications. "Database Administrator?" (n.d.).SFIAPlus. "Database Administrators." British Computer Society (Retrieved 2012-02-06).Staff, Yahoo! Education. "Telecommuting Careers." Yahoo! Education. March 2012 .]

Nevertheless, the role of a Database Administrator is a vital one for his or her employers, as most of the functions in these organizations heavily rely on the successful performance of the duties of a DBA. Although a tough job, this makes them one of the most sought after professionals by enterprises all over the economy, rewarding them accordingly with heavy pay checks for the nature of the work they perform.

End Notes

In addition, The potential for IPv6 to significantly reduce the overall costs of supporting an enterprise-wide network are also very clear as well.

ATM portals and technologies are ideal for creating a unified computing and networking platform corporate-wide, especially if a company has operations in several countries, and across continents. The speed and bandwidth considerations of running a global enterprise are also accentuated by this technology, as is a drastic reduction in Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for a given network topology that must scale to be global. In addition, ATM could be used for unifying diverse legacy systems into a single, cohesive network architecture that capitalizes on the many information assets a company has (Dunne, Klementowski, 1982). In addition, these networks also make it possible to create entirely new approaches to solving very complex problems in enterprise, including the ability to collaborate and produce new product designs in real-time…

References

Dunne, Edward J.,,Jr., & Klementowski, L.J. (1982). An investigation of the use of network techniques in research and development management. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, EM29(3), 74-74.

Etkin, J., & Zinky, J.A. (1989). Development life cycle of computer networks: The executable model approach. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 15(9), 1078-1089.

Soon-Young, H., Chung, Q.B., & Hyung-Min, K. (2000). Collaborative model management in departmental computing. INFOR, 38(4), 373-389.

SRS and code systems

Criticisms from one's respected peers can often hurt more than criticisms from laypeople or new users of a software system. One assumes that one's fellow professionals can make a more reasoned, if not necessarily more objective critique. However, personal differences can enter the fray of even the most objective peer review and thus affect the constructive nature of the criticism.

To ensure objectivity, it is important that individuals address their differences with particular elements in relation to the system being reviewed, not to the person. For instance, don't say, 'you didn't do a good job on this,' speak about the system or code under critique. Specifics are key, rather than saying, 'I don't think that works,' say what the potential problems arise when the system is used and try to give a constructive, concrete solution how one could possibly reform it and make it better. "However…

Works Cited

Wiegers, Karl. (July 1994) "Creating a Software Engineering Culture." Originally Published in Software Development magazine. Process Impact Website. Retrieved 15 Feb 2005 athttp://www.processimpact.com/articles/culture.html

Theory Z Management Style on IT Project Completion

Incomplete projects in the IT industry are responsible for significant losses in time, money and creative energy (Boehne, 2000; Mokhtari, et al., 2010). This is very often a result of inadequate project management (Glaser, 2005; Humphrey, 2005; Kimball, 2000). One well-accepted approach to project management that has received considerable attention in the scholarly literature is the contingency management concept known as "theory Z," devised by William Ouchi in 1981.

Theory Z is a management philosophy based on goal setting and achievement. It utilizes a structural motivational strategy based on employee participation combined with an authoritative process of motivation to achieve specific objectives. It was developed as a means of integrating Japanese management philosophies into Western managerial strategies (England, 1983). Essentially, theory Z posits that the structure of the decision making hierarchy must be in alignment with the level of employee participation. Thus…

References

Blackstone, J.H., Cox, J.F. & Schleier, J.G. (2009) A tutorial on project management from a theory of constraints perspective. International Journal of Production Research. 47(24) 7029-7046

Boehne, D. (2000). Deciding whether to complete or terminate an unfinished project: A strong test of the project completion hypothesis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 81(2),178-194.

Bureau of Labor Statistics (2010) Occupational employment statistics, Retrieved from http://data.bls.gov:8080/oes/search.do;jsessionid=6230f0cca7c57f5b5d67

England, G.W. (1983) Japanese and American management: Theory Z and beyond, Journal of International Business Studies, 14, 131 -- 142