Spss Essays (Examples)

Correlation & Regression

A fifth grade science teacher wants to know if there is a relationship between final exam scores and overall coursepoints after adjusting for a quiz score.

In order to determine whether there was a significant relationship between overall coursepoints and final exam scores, after controlling for quiz scores, a hierarchical regression was run. All assumptions were assessed using SPSS. There was independences of residuals, as assessed by a Durbin-Watson statistic of 1.08. An examination of various scatterplots indicated a general linear relationship between variables of interest, although perfect linearity was not observed.

Overall Scatterplot

Partial Regression Plot: Final Exam Score & Quiz Score

Figure 3. Partial Regression Plot: Final Exam Score & Course Points

The assumption of homoscedasticity was violated, as the scatterplot in Figure 1 demonstrates (i.e., the values were not evenly spread across the scatterplot). There was no evidence of multicollinearity as evidenced by no…

Sources of data

*Two literature searches were conducted in order to generate conditions of nurse satisfaction. One search centered on variables of work satisfaction described in relevant job satisfaction theories. The other search probed applicable reviews and meta-analysis for factors of job satisfaction relevant to the nurse profession.

The literature, in the first case, was plumbed for studies that provided theoretical insight into the concept of job satisfaction. Terms such as 'job satisfaction' and 'theory' were used to aid the research.

In the second case, research was conducted by using terms such as 'nursing', 'job satisfaction' and 'factors'. The resulting Meta analyses and literature reviews were thoroughly analyzed and only those relevant to the intent of the study retained. They had to, in other words, be congruent to the nursing profession and related to satisfaction that the employee gained from his or her job.

'Nurse satisfaction' as a result was,…

References

Breakwell, G., Hammond, S. & Fife-Schaw, C. (2000). Research methods in psychology. USA: Sage

European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (EFILWC). Measuring job satisfaction in surveys - Comparative analytical report. Retrieved on 10/30/2011 from:

www.eurofound.europa.eu

Lloyd S, Streiner D, Shannon S. Predictive validity of the emergency physician and global job satisfaction instruments. Acad Emerg Med 1998;5:234 -- 241.

They hypothesis is rejected. The Chi-Square was significant X2 (1, 84) = 4.403, p < .05. The proportion of females alive at discharge was much greater than the proportion of males alive at discharge. This can be seen in the barchart below.

alive discharge * gender Crosstabulation

gender

Total

male female alive discharge no

Count

7

5

12

Expected Count

3.9

8.1

12.0

yes

Count

20

52

72

Expected Count

23.1

48.9

72.0

Total

Count

27

57

84

Expected Count

27.0

57.0

84.0

4) Correlation & egression

Variables: Hours in Operating oom & Number of Preop isk Factors

Scatter Plot:

Hypothesis: The population correlation coefficient is equal to 0.

The hypothesis fails to be rejected. The correlation coefficient is not significant (p. = .694).

The value of . was .043 and the . Squared value was .002, which, had the model been significant, would have indicated that the number of…

References

Norusis, M.J. (2008). Guide to Data Analysis. SPSS Statistics 17.0.

Posting/Due date: 5:00pm Monday

Weighting: 20%

You need to complete the following request set by a fictitious professor (any similarity with persons living or dead is entirely deliberate). You can find the dataset on the course website in the Course Content section. You need to provide the Description, Method and Results paragraphs. It should be written in a style that is consistent with the other paragraphs, i.e. To academic journal level.

"Dear student,

I've been struck down by a debilitating illness that has rendered me unable to work or dispense statistical advice. Unfortunately, the evaluation of the targeted policing project is due shortly and I need you to write up some sections. This was the evaluation we were commissioned by QPS into their experimental patrolling strategy. They identified a number of police beats in which they tested a new style of patrolling. Our task was to tell them whether recorded…

colloquially individuals may think that some people are smarter than others, the more scientific term for the concept of being smart is intelligence. The notion of measuring a person's intelligence was first pursued in the early 1900s by Alfred Binet (Kamin, 1995). The French government was looking for a way in which to help predict which students would have the most difficulty in school (Kamin, 1995), so they hired Alfred Binet, who was a psychologist, to develop a test. Binet developed the first intelligence test, a version of which is still used today (Kamin, 1995). Intelligence testing really took off during World War I, when the U.S. army wanted a way to screen a high number of army recruits. This lead to the development of new forms of intelligence tests in order to determine which army recruits were of a higher intelligence and would be successfully in leadership roles (McGuire,…

References

Gupta, V. (1999). SPSS for Beginners. 1st Books Library.

Kamin, L.J. (1995). The pioneers of IQ testing. In Ressell Jacoby & Naomi Glauberman (Eds.), The Bell Curve Debate: History, Documents, Opinions. New York: Times Books.

McGuire, F. (1994). Army alpha and beta tests of intelligence. In R.J. Sternberg (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Intelligence. New York: Macmillan.

Neisser, U. (1997). Rising scores on intelligence tests. American Scientist, 85, 440-447.

1.3. Summary of argument, Hypothesis

The role of leadership styles and their applicability to the success or failure of mergers, acquisitions and alliances is the focus of this research. Any leadership study, to be relevant, must also focus on the needs of those served by the organizations studies. That is why in the proposed Change Management Equilibrium Model have customer-driven processes at their center or core. The focus of the research to either validate or refute the model is based on consistency and collaboration as two factors that also serve to create greater levels of integration between the two or more healthcare providers merging or changing their organizational structures to better serve the market. This market orientation is what many public-ally-owned and operated healthcare providers struggle with, as often the source of funding becomes their "customer" or whom they serve (Brinkmann, O'Brien, 2010). Studies by AM esearch for example show…

References

Abbott, R., Ploubidis, G., Huppert, F., Kuh, D., & Croudace, T.. (2010). An Evaluation of the Precision of Measurement of Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scales in a Population Sample. Social Indicators Research, 97(3), 357-373.

Faten Fahad Al-Mailam. (2004). Transactional vs. Transformational Style of Leadership-Employee Perception of Leadership Efficacy in Public and Private Hospitals in Kuwait. Quality Management in Health Care, 13(4), 278-284.

Antonakis, J., & House, R.J. (2002). The full-range leadership theory: The way forward. In B.J. Avolio & F.J. Yammarino (Eds.) Transformational and Charismatic Leadership, Volume 2, p. 3 -- 33. Boston: JAI Press.

Avolio, B.J., & Yammarino, F.J. (2002). Introduction to, and overview of, transformational and charismatic leadership. In B.J. Avolio & F.J. Yammarino (Eds.) Transformational and Charismatic Leadership, Volume 2, p. xvii -- xxiii. Boston: JAI Press.

Figure 6 represents the cross-tabulation of religious service attendance with x-rated movie viewing. In this analysis, it is interesting to observe that weekly church attendance may "inoculate" respondents against watching an x-rated movie, but that no other level of religious involvement has a particular influence on porn consumption. Of the respondents who have seen an x-rated motive in the past year, their religious service attendance patterns follow the same trend as respondents who claim not to have seen an x-rated movie in the past year, with the glaring exception of those who report weekly attendance. This seems to be another case of regression to the mean, in which a socially normative response (weekly church or temple attendance) overwhelms useful data and obscures a potentially interesting correlation.

Appendix: Figures and Tables

Figure 1. Frequency histogram of religious service attendance.

Table 1. Proportion of missing data in routine and controversial questions.

Question…

Differences in opinions between various study groups are expected to become apparent. These differences will help to determine the amount of bias present in opinions regarding housing discrimination among non-Irish nationals. Interpretation of these hypotheses will depend on the consistencies in opinion found between various groups.

esearch Questions

The hypotheses will help to determine if the opinions of various groups in Dublin are biased. However, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the concepts being examined, the following research questions will also be explored, in addition to the hypotheses. These research questions will be addressed through specific sets of survey questions.

1. Are there differences in opinion regarding the quality of housing between Irish and non-Irish nationals living in Dublin?

2. Are non-Irish nationals well educated, at least as much as the Irish national population in Ireland?

3. Do non-Irish nationals deserve to become home owners, as much as…

References

Broman, C. (2002). Perceived discrimination and alcohol use among black and white college students. American Sociological Association. August 2002. Retrieved April 11, 2009

 http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Perceived+discrimination+and+alcohol+use+among+blac  k+and+white...-a0163097579

Central Statistics Office (CSO). (2008). Census 2006. Non-Irish National Living in Ireland. June 2008. Retrieved April 11, 2009 from http://www.cso.ie/census/..%5Ccensus%5Cdocuments%5CNON%20IRISH%20NATON

ALS%20LIVING%20IN%20IRELAND.pdf

However, when the researcher is interested in giving a highlight of how the response patterns vary across the subgroups, then the scores can be treated as discrete choices thus allowing them to be ordinal values Miller & Salkind, 2002.

In this case the intervals between the positions on the scale are monotonic but not well defined to make them numerically uniform increments thus making the likert scale have ordinal properties Oppenheim, 2000()

Identification and evaluation of the type of scale

a. This is a category scale since it has more than two response categories in order to minimize errors but still providing more information when the categories are ordered based on the particular descriptive or evaluative dimension.

b. This is a numerical scale since it has two bipolar adjectives at the beginning and the end of the scale with five response positions.

c. This is a likert scale since it…

References

Harzing, a.-W., Baldueza, J., Barner-Rasmussen, W., Barzantny, C., Canabal, a., Davila, a., . . . Zander, L. (2009). Rating vs. ranking: what is the best way to reduce response and language bias in cross-national research? International Business review,, 18(4).

Miller, D.C., & Salkind, N.J. (2002). Handbook of Research Design and Social Measurement. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications.

Morris, L.L., Henerson, M.E., & Fitz-Gibbon, C.T. (1987). How to Measure Attitudes. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications.

Oppenheim, a.N. (2000). Questionnaire Design, Interviewing and Attitude Measurement. London: Bloomsbury.

Job Outing

This research was done to identify any relationship to job satisfaction and a recent company outing to Camp Feel Good. Essentially, the manager is doing this experiment to determine how effective Camp Feel Good attendance is on employee's attitudes.

u1= mean of employees who attended meeting and did not increase job satisfaction u0 = mean of employees who attended meeting and increased job satisfaction

u1 > u0

Null: H0: u1 / u0

Meeting attendance: This variable is discrete since it can either be yes or no, with no in between. This is a quantitative measurement and is the independent variable.

Job Satisfaction Score: This variable is continuous and is nominal. It is a qualitative variable that needs to be converted to understand its meaning. It is the dependent variable in this analysis.

Descriptive Statistics

The descriptive statistics infer some important points about the research question posed.

The first…

References

Week 3 SPSS Output. Provided by student.

National Atlas.GOV. (nd). Understanding Descriptive Statistics. Viewed 22 July 2013. Retrieved from http://nationalatlas.gov/articles/mapping/a_statistics.html

Chi-Square, T-Test and Correlation

esearch Methods in Psychology a (HPS201/HPS771)

Crosstabs and Chi-Square

Scenario

Some researchers have suggested that there are two main types of personality: Type A and Type B. Individuals with Type A personality are characterized as being conscientious and competitive. They strongly desire success and typically present with higher levels of stress. Conversely, individuals with Type B personality are typically less stressed and tend to be more laconic, relaxed and less concerned with competition.

Due to the higher levels of stress experienced by those with Type A personality, health insurance risk evaluators are interested in knowing whether individuals with Type A personality are at greater risk of having a heart attack.

You are hired as a researcher to investigate this research question. You take a random sample of 40 individuals aged between 40 and 60 years and assess their personality to determine whether they possess a Type…

References

Emory.edu. (n.d.). One-Sample t-Test. Retrieved from emory.edu:  http://psychology.emory.edu/clinical/bliwise/Tutorials/TOM/meanstests/tone.htm 

MacLeod, S. (2011). Type A Personality. Retrieved from Simplypsychology.org:  http://www.simplypsychology.org/personality-a.html

egression vs. correlation?

Correlation is used to test whether two variables covary, the strength of the relationship, and the direction of the association. A correlation calculation will generate a P-value and a correlation coefficient (r). By comparison, regression will generate the slope and intercept for a best-fit line that can be used to predict unknown values for the dependent variable.

What percentage of depression is not associated with Facebook usage?

The coefficient of determination (r2) is 0.661, which means that 66.1% of the variance in depression is due to the amount of time spent on Facebook; therefore, 33.9% of the variation in depression cannot be explained by time spent on Facebook.

Q3: Variables that could be contributing to the variance not explained by time spent on Facebook?

The unexplained variance in depression scores is the amount of error between measured levels of depression for a study subject and what was…

References

Klengel, T. & Binder E.B. (2013). Gene-environment interactions in major depressive disorder. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 58(2), 76-83.

Autonomy-Suppotive Coaching

Autonomy-Suppoting Coaching

Not unlike the wold of business, many eseaches and pundits have evaluated and looked at the wold of spots as a way to analyze whethe and how cetain coaching styles ae beneficial o non-beneficial in tems of the pefomance and outcomes of the team in question. Of couse, the question is a multi-faceted one and analyzing such a question in a contolled envionment can be difficult. Samples sizes and "apples to apples" compaisons can be difficult. Even so, thee ae many takeaways and points of analysis that can and should be undetaken so as to gauge the efficacy of a team if it is subjected to the suppotive-autonomy coaching ac as opposed to othe methods.

Autonomy-Suppotive Coaching

The subject of this epot is an analysis of whethe autonomy-suppotive coaching is o is not beneficial and effective in boosting pefomance of the athletes subjected to the method.…

references for male and female coaches. Women in Sport and Activity Journal,

21(2), 6

Hodge, K., & Lonsdale, C. (2011). Pro-social and antisocial behavior in sport: The role of coaching style, autonomous vs. controlled motivation, and moral disengagement. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 33(4), 527

Klomsten, A.T., Skaalvik, E.M., and Espnes, G.A. (2004). Physical self-concept and sports: Do gender differences still exist?. Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum

Publishers, 50(1-2), 119-127

e. those discounting repetitive). In this case, 8 such digits.

Confidence level: The amount of confidence that I have about this data- that it closely approximates actual sample is quite high (95.9%)

3. The age range of 45-54 had the highest amount of women (54%) using the low-cholesterol diet followed by 55 and over (49%), then 35-44 age range (46%) least in the 1-24 age range (29%). It seems that preference for this diet peaks amongst females in the late middle years. With men, there is a slightly different shift with the majority (35%) actually preferring this diet in their older years and regressing as they decrease in age, with a major shift occurring between the 13% in the age interval 16-24 and the 25% of the age interval 25-34. Of the difference between the sexes, women by far (54% at its peak) are more interested in the diet than…

This is largely due to time and logistical issues involved in conducting the face-to-face interviews. However, this still represents 50% of the entire sample population. Therefore, it is expected that the opinions expressed in the interviews will be a good representation of Iranian banks.

3.5 Data Collection

The primary aim of the study is to identify the challenges that Iranian banks face in the implementation of EMV. This research is divided into two portions. The first part will be the survey questionnaire. The second will be face-to-face interviews. Where possible, the researcher will visit the bank and administer the questionnaire in person. However, is some cases, this will not be possible, either because of the distances that need to be traveled or the schedule of the bank official. In these cases, the questionnaire will be emailed to the participant and they can return it at their convenience. As the sample…

References

Hall, C. 2009. New study pinpoints risk issues for Hispanic business owners. Houston Business Journal. Friday, May 8, 2009.

"List of Banks in Iran." 2010. Available at: http://openoffshorebankaccountsfornonresidents.com/ListofBanksinIran.htm. [accessed August 29, 2010].

Sumner, M. 2000. Risk factors in enterprise-wide/ERP projects Journal of Information Technology 15, 317 -- 327

(Walker & Staton, 2000, p. 449)

Walker & Staton also stress that all of the aspects of cultural competency that are understood, should be applied through systems that are sensitive to such needs.

As a quality of empathy, cultural sensitivity is not testable as content, but it can be an expectation of practice in the same sense that integrity or justice can be. The desirable posture for the social worker is one of cultural agnosticism -- not trusting in any particular cultural mold (the social worker's or the client's) to determine what is right, wrong, or ultimately meaningful (Sue, 1998). (Walker & Staton, 2000, p. 449)

As Green would likely attest the definitions of need, appropriate and empathetic are likely to be variant across individual situations and of course across cultures. The idea of teaching multiculturalism as an aspect of social work training then must be significantly sensitive to the…

References

Galambos, C.M. (2003). Moving Cultural Diversity toward Cultural Competence in Health Care. Health and Social Work, 28(1), 3.

Green, J. (1999) Cultural Awareness in Human Services: A Multi-Ethnic Approach. 3rd Ed. Boston. MA: Allyn and Bacon.

National Association of Social Workers. (2001). NASW standards for cultural competence in social work practice. Washington, DC: Author. Synopsis available at  http://www.socialworkers.org/sections/credentials/cultural_comp.asp 

Nybell, L.M., & Gray, S.S. (2004). Race, Place, Space: Meanings of Cultural Competence in Three Child Welfare Agencies. Social Work, 49(1), 17.

esearch Aim

The purpose of this research is to investigate customer's loyalty throughout the dimensions of satisfaction, trust and commitment for mobile phone industry in Bangkok, Thailand. In addition, this research also provides practical knowledge which customers are dissimilar in satisfaction and look for different levels of relationship with mobile phones. To sum up briefly, it is completely useful for marketers to comprehend which paradigms affect customers to create good relationship with companies in order to sustain the customer's loyalty.

esearch Objectives

These are research objectives which are needed to be accomplished in order to reach the above research aim which are stated as following:

To study the relationship marketing to the mobile phone industry in Thailand.

To study the customer satisfactions factor to the mobile phone.

To identify the relationship between various component satisfaction and trust.

To identify the relationship between various component satisfaction and commitment.

To identify the…

References

Bailey, S. And D.E. Schultz. (2000). "Customer/Brand Loyalty in an Interactive Marketplace." Journal of Advertising Research, 40(3), p. 41.

Bruhn, M. (2003), Relationship marketing: management of customer relationships, Pearson Education, UK.

Chung, Sungmi and Mike Sherman. (2002). "Emerging Marketing: Companies Don't Need State-of-the-Art Tools, Huge Volumes of Customer Information, and Armies of Experts to Use Continuous-Relationship Marketing Effectively." The McKinsey Quarterly, p. 62.

Churchill, G.A. And Iacobucci, D. (2005), Marketing Research: Methodological Foundations, 9th edition, Thomson, USA.

The dependent variables in this study will be the scope of wife beating and the causal factors that contribute to it. Questions five through nine on the survey address these variables. In order to evaluate perceptions of scope, the author asks participants to estimate the prevalence of domestic violence in the U.S. population. Four options are provided for how many men beat their wives in the aforementioned population: 1/10, 1/50, 1/100 and 1/500. The participant is asked to check one.

The causal factors for domestic violence listed in the survey (questions 6-9) are drug and alcohol use, mental or personality issues, and cultural differences. These factors emerged as the most influential in predicting the prevalence of domestic violence in the reviewed literature. The survey addresses cultural, socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics of relationships that were repeatedly shown to influence the scope of domestic violence (see literature review). The participants are asked…

In other words, when the total number of people characterized by each variable (or stratum) oscillates within the population, to the researcher would choose the size of each sample for each stratum according to the research requirements. uch a choice is prejudiced by the probability of obtaining an adequate number of sampling units from each stratum within the final sample. As a rule, disproportionate stratified samples are used either to compare two or more particular strata or to analyze one stratum intensively (Creswell, 1994). Therefore, when researchers use a disproportionate stratified sample, we have to weight the estimates of the population's parameters by the number of units belonging to each stratum. In this sample, weighting strategies were not performed in the original data.

Once researchers have defined the population of interest, they draw a sample that adequately represents that population. The actual procedure involves selecting a sample from a sampling…

Sources of information . nd.  http://www.fao.org/docrep/W3241E/w3241e03.htm#the%problems%20of%20secondary%20sources

Employment Discrimination at Wal-Mart

Foundation of the Study

This study examines the legislative and judicial climate that enables corporations like Wal-Mart to engage in practices that violate workers' rights. The popular consensus is that Wal-Mart, the largest retail store in the United States, displays an inordinate disregard for the human dignity and morale of its employees and, despite continual litigation, continues to blatantly violate the legal rights of its employees. Wal-Mart faces charges of violating The Federal Fair Labor Standards Act (2011) by asking management to adjust time sheets so that overtime will not need to be paid, and so that all employees will work under the hourly limit required by the union in order to obtain membership. Employees were insured, without their knowledge, against their death by Wal-Mart. The company was named beneficiary; following death of an employee, the entire benefit amount was retained by the corporation. Not a…

References

Business Day, Companies. (2011) The New York Times. Retrieved  http://www.nytimes.com/ 

2011/03/30/business/30aldi.html?ref=walmartstoresinc

Byrne, T.P. (2009). False profits: Reviving the corporation's public purpose. Discourse, 57 UCLA L. Rev. Disc. 25, UCLA School of Law, UC Berkeley, (Associate, Chadbourne & Parke, LLP). Retrieved  http://uclalawreview.org/?p=1056 

Clifford, S. (2011, March 29). Where Wal-Mart failed, Aldi succeeds. The New York Times. Retrieved

Difficulties that Elderly People Encounter and Their Life Satisfaction," which was published within the scholarly journal Social Behavior and Personality in 2008, social scientists Kasim Karatas and Veli Duyan analyze the level of life satisfaction experienced by elderly residents of the Ankara region of Turkey, while also exploring the various factors which may negatively influence one's life satisfaction. According to the authors, "the purpose of this study was to examine the sociodemographic characteristics of elderly people and the effects that difficulties they encounter in daily life have on their life satisfaction" (2008), with the dually overriding objectives of determining a causal relationship between life satisfaction and either sociodemographic characteristics or hardships experienced. Relying on the tried and true methodology of administering a detailed survey and questionnaire combination, in this case to a sample of 109 females and 76 males between the ages of 60 and 98 living in the Kocatepe…

Role of Conferences in the trategic Development of the Hotel Industry

Case tudy of Five tar Hotels in Jordan

Jordan has a rich cultural and archaeological patrimony. Many natural wonders and a particularly welcoming people make tourism a natural resource and vehicle for Jordan's economy.

Conversely, the Jordan tourism industry has demonstrated poor performance in past few years relative to the volatile political situation in the region.

Analyzing both the natural potential for success and the historical evidence for failure within Jordan's tourism industry through scientific research methodology may well provide viable alternatives to current widely held practices and beliefs.

This study will delve into the specific revenue producing areas of developing conferences in Jordan, how to conduct them, facility use and maximization, and the issues that surround successful delivery of this medium. This thesis will also provide data on the means of offering the world a safe, beautiful, and…

Swan TW, 'Economic Growth and Capital Accumulation', Economic Record, 32, 1956.

Tourism Forecasting Council, Forecast, Commonwealth Department of Tourism, August 1994.

Wilcox DA, 'Lessons for Tourism Industries from the 1984 Olympics at Los Angeles' A Report by Economics Research Associates to THC'94, 1994

complexities of doing business in our virtual age, looking in particular at e-commerce but also asking how the presence of e-commerce on the market has affected traditional businesses as well. Once upon a time - that golden age - things were simple. You decided you wanted to grow up to be a bookstore owner. Or a hardware store manager. Or a florist. So you leased a store, bought some books, and lovingly hand-sold them to each customer who flocked to your door and then went home at night to count your money.

Of course, owning a bookstore or a hardware store or a flower shop was actually never that simple. But the picture now is even more complicated as virtual stores have entered the picture. Part of what makes engaging in e-commerce so difficult is that there are no paths that others have trod before one. And the costs of…

Reference:

VI.Appendix (ces)(please write around 2-3 pages)

Survey Questionnaire

MY ROUGH IDEA:

1.To successful launch an e-commerce Web site, the question is not just about if we build it, will they come?" But also if we build it, will they come to purchase and repeat purchase?" A scenario closer to the truth is that many online companies experience disappointment in converting consumers' clicks into purchases. It means attracting a large number of shoppers to the site is not the only ultimate measure of success. The true measure of success should be included retaining customers and converting them into repeat buyers. Positive shopping experiences on the site can help online buyers make an effective decision. It means positive feeling is the optimal experience that consumers will desire to repeat buying online. Therefore, marketers need to create effective Web sites for winning consumer satisfaction. Since Web sites are often the main contact with consumer in the Internet market, a company's Web site elements may include some persuasive components that has imp!

ole in the group

Working with other people can often present its own share of challenges. Thus, far in doing this social sciences research, I have indeed found this to be true. My previous experience working with this group has been an experience of growth and development, though not without its share of challenges. These challenges have only succeeded in making me stronger and more communicative with others. This paper represents a reflection on the latest experience I have had collaborating with the other members of my group and what I learned.

For this group, I participated in assisting with the questions used for the survey and the use of the spss program to construct the survey. The process was largely extremely satisfying for me, and as I gathered, for nearly all members of the group at large.

I felt that I was able to effectively motivate others. Whenever we…

References

Friedman, K. (2010). Shut-up and Say Something. Santa Barbara: Greenwood Publishing

Group.

Hiam, A. (2010). Business Innovation. Hoboken: Wiley Publishing

Good researchers tend to pull methods out of a tool kit as they are needed" (2006, p. 54). Notwithstanding these criticisms and constraints, though, most social researchers seem to agree that classification by some type of research paradigm is a useful approach based on the need to determine which approach is best suited for a given research enterprise. In this regard, Corby concludes that, "The contested nature of research makes it impossible and unhelpful to ignore the different aims and purposes of various research projects and the methods and approaches being used to carry them out" (2006, p. 54). Therefore, the different aims and purposes of the positivist research paradigm, the constructivist research paradigm and the pragmatic research paradigm are discussed further below.

Positivist Research Paradigm

The positivist research paradigm is a quantitative-based approach that generally seeks to identify trends and patterns that can be used to formulate predictions concerning…

Bibliography

Ames, S.L., Gallaher, P.E., Sun, P. & Pearce, S. (2005). A Web-based program for coding open-ended response protocols. Behavior Research Methods, 37(3), 470-471.

Authors provide a description of a Web-based application that provides researchers with the ability to analyze participant-generated and open-ended data. Authors note that the application was developed in order to take advantage of online surveying based on its ease of use and flexibility. Authors note that this application may be of particular value to researchers who are employing large sample sizes that are frequently needed for projects in which frequency analyses are required. The application uses a grid-based set of criteria to establish codes for participant-generated and open-ended data collected from online surveys and can be applied for scoring results from stem completion,-word or picture associations, and comparable purposes in which such participant-generated responses require categorization and coding. Authors advise that they use this application for their professional online surveying purpose in experimental psychology to examine substance abuse patterns derived from participant-generated responses to various verbal and nonverbal associative memory problems, but that the application is also appropriate for other research areas as well. Authors also note that the application helps improve survey reliability by providing a systematic approach to coding participant-generated responses as well as evaluating the quality of coding and interjudge reliability by researchers with little or no specific training for the purposes. Authors conclude that the coding application is helpful for survey research that uses open-ended responses in virtually any research area of interest.

Austin, T.M., Richter, R.R. & Reinking, M.F. (2008). A primer on Web surveys. Journal of Allied Health, 37(3), 180-181.

Authors report that survey research has become a widely accepted research methodology that has been facilitated through the introduction of computer-based and online survey methods. Authors also emphasize that although electronic survey methods are useful in a wide range of settings for a variety of purposes, they are not appropriate in every situation. Online surveys involve various technologies that have not been available (or required) for paper-and-pencil surveys and require special considerations involving their design, pilot testing, and response rates. Authors present the results of their empirical observations and professional experience in using Web-based surveys to illustrate some of the advantages and disadvantages of the approach, including security and confidentiality issues (they make the point that electronic surveys are particularly vulnerable to compromise and that survey data must be protected as the research progresses) as well as the special considerations that must be taken into account as they apply to this surveying approach. Authors also discuss issues such as sampling error, a "how-to" guide to writing survey questions for online media, and how to order questions to ensure that respondents answer accurately and faithfully. All in all, this was a very timely guide for researchers for identifying when Web-based surveys are most appropriate and what factors should be taken into account in the design, posting and analysis of online surveys.

web-based surveys and their usefulness in reducing the cost of business research. The writer explores several aspects of web-based surveys including performance and comparison to traditional type surveys. There were 10 sources used to complete this paper.

There are many reasons that people gather information today. ealth professionals gather information to help determine health trends, needs and problems. Marketing professionals gather information so that the consumer can be better served. Churches gather information to better provide for the spiritual needs of the public. Law enforcement officials gather information to ascertain crime trends as well as other information that is useful for predictions and budgeting needs. Different sized governments gather information for the purpose of providing public services to those who live within their geographic area as well as estimations and predictions about the future of the area. There are many reasons to gather information and there are very few instances…

Hart is a managing editor at the Oregonian. ()

Author not available, SPSS Announces Surveys with Confidence; Complete, Easy-To-Use Survey Design, Collection and Analysis Package., Business Wire, 02-08-1999.

Author not available, Total Research Signs Letter of Intent to Exclusively Use WebSurveyResearch for Online Survey Research., Business Wire, 02-20-2001.

National corporations own many chains, even though several others are independently owned but affiliated with a chain through a franchise agreement.

Types of Hotels

The U.S. Department of Labour (2004) denotes five basic types of hotels:

Commercial - These hotels operate year round and are primarily located in cities or suburban places. The larger properties offer an assortment of services for their guests, such as coffee shops, restaurants, cocktail lounges, gift shops, newsstands, theatre, health spas, swimming pools, etc.. Even larger hotels offer banquet rooms, ballrooms to accommodate wedding receptions; business meetings. Convention and business meetings provide major sources of revenue for larger hotels

esort - These hotels are primarily located in vacation destinations near mountains, the seashore, or other attractions. Nowadays, some resorts provide additional convention and conference facilities to stimulate their customers to combine business with pleasure. (U.S. Department of Labour, 2004)

esidential - These establishments provide a…

References www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001903567

Anderson, K. (2003, March). Time Out: Getting the Best Deal on a Vacation Time-Share. Black Enterprise, 33, 115.

Anderson, A. (1996). Timesharing- enviable growth lures major hospitality companies into industry. Hotel online. (Online). Available from URL:  http://www.hotel-online.com/Trends/Andersen/Timesharing_EnviableGrowth.html ,(accessed 30 October 2005).q www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5012473252

Brit Couple Killed as Timeshare Turf War Erupts in Tenerife; HUSBAND AND WIFE WORKED FOR MIDLAND CONMAN. (2006, January 15). Sunday Mercury (Birmingham, England), p. 3.

Crimes of Persuasion (2000). Deceptive Timeshare, Campground and Travel Club Sales. (Online). Available from URL:  http://www.crimes-of-persuasion.com/Crimes/InPerson/MajorPerson/time_shares.htm ,(accessed 3 November 2005).

Workers With in Small Firms

Chapter I outlines the problems this research aims to address, namely an information gap that may, if filled, enhance employment for potential and existing workers with disabilities. This chapter defines the problem background, purpose of research, theoretical framework through which conclusions will be drawn from survey data gathered in the field, the research questions the survey instrument seeks to answer, the definition of terms those questions employ and limits and delimitations of the intended research. Once those parameters are outlined, the claim this argument attempts to support, that closing a gap in information describing satisfaction and productivity for workers with disability in small firms below conventional definitions of 500 workers or less may improve employment for a historically marginalized population, leads to conclusions that thus inform the subsequent methodological and analytical chapters.

Problem Background: The Uncashed 'Triple Paycheck'

Title I of the Americans with Disabilities…

References With Prospectus (toward inclusion in Literature Review chapter)

Day, N.E. And Greene, P.G. (2008). A case for sexual orientation diversity management in small and large organizations. Human Resource Management 47(3): 637 -- 654. Retrieved from DOI: 10.1002/hrm.20235

Deveau, J.L. (2011). Workplace accommodation and audit-based evaluation process for compliance with the employment equity act: Inclusionary practices that exclude -- an institutional ethnography. Canadian Journal of Sociology/Cahiers canadiens de sociologie 36(3), 151-172. Retrieved from ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/CJS/article/view/10479

Erickson, W., Lee, C., von Schrader, S. (2011). Disability Statistics from the 2009 American

Community Survey (ACS). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Disability Demographics and Statistics (StatsRRTC). Retrieved Jun 11, 2012 from www.disabilitystatistics.org

Measurement and Instruments for a Quantitative Research Plan: Human Trafficking

For a study into human trafficking and how many people end up being trafficked every year, quantitative measurement is necessary. Qualitative methods could be used, but they would be better suited toward providing insight into the feelings of those who were trafficked, as opposed to the prevalence of the trafficking problem itself (Creswell, 2003; Given, 2008). Since there are several options and ways this issue can be measured, it is important to decide not only what type of measuring instrument will be used but the level of measurement that is really important for the study (Bales, 2004).

Human trafficking can be very difficult to measure, based on the secretive nature of much of it and the unwillingness of traffickers (and many victims) to talk about the issue (Bales, 2004; Berger, 2012). However, that does not mean there is no way…

Any measurement instrument has limitations, however, and this is true of the SPSS software. The main issue is that there is no room for interpretation. Only objectivity can be provided. This is a good thing in many cases, but for a study that addresses something as sensitive as human trafficking there may be more questions than answers with this method. The why's and how's of the issue are not explored, and the computer program will only provide mathematical data that does not lend itself to any information about the experience itself. That can be what the researcher is looking for from a quantitative standpoint, but delving deeper into the issue is not something SPSS will be able to be used for. That could leave the study falling a bit flat.

The Scale Used

For this study, a Likert scale will be used. This kind of scale is based on the "agree or disagree" method of asking questions (Trochim, 2006). Often, there are five separate

Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
Describe ways in which MS Excel can be used by a manager of an organization as a tool for interpreting data
There are different ways in which a manager of an organization can employ MS Excel as a tool for data interpretation. One of the uses of MS Excel is collating, which encompasses collecting associated data items into a single item. The layout and formatting of the worksheet can enable the managers to perceive data sets in a structured and organized formation, which augments clarity of the data. The second benefit is processing. Excel cells can include functions, formulas as well as references to other excel cells, that permit one to glean information in prevailing data sets. Therefore, excel functions can facilitate the process of interpreting a data set in a manner that is suitable to the data itself and the system in position.…

With.573 correlation of Unibody directly influencing Body-on-Frame sales in the years sampled. Table 3 provides the results of the query made in SPSS Version 13.

Table 3: SPSS Correlation Coefficients

Kendall's tau_b

BodyOnFrame

Correlation Coefficient

Sig. (2-tailed)

UnibodyCrossover

Correlation Coefficient

Sig. (2-tailed)

Spearman's rho

BodyOnFrame

Correlation Coefficient

Sig. (2-tailed)

UnibodyCrossover

Correlation Coefficient

Sig. (2-tailed)

With the statistical analysis showing reasonably strong predictability, the next step is to evaluate the specific 14-month time series for greater insights into the variability and predictability of the data. What emerges from completing a Linear egression along with every exponential smoothing techniques for curve fitting is further evidence of linear (.702 regression) in addition to quadratic (.737 regression) shows that variations in Body-on-Frame demand are explained through these statistical techniques.

Table 4: Model Summary and Parameter Estimates

Dependent Variable: BodyOnFrame

Equation

Model Summary

Square

Linear

Logarithmic

Inverse

Quadratic

Cubic

Compound

Power

Growth

Exponential

Logistic

The…

References

Monthly Energy Review (2006) - Posted: August 28, 2006 from the Energy Information Administration at Website:  http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html . Here is the specific data table used for the analysis:

http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/merquery/mer_data.asp?table=T09.04

Appendix a: Comparison Analysis for 14-month Analysis

COMPARING BODY on FRAME SUV vs. CROSS-OVER (UNIBODY) SUV SALES

Information Technology

The use of information technology has become a necessity in the developed corporate world that has been faced with a variety of developments that have been identified to make work easier for management in organizations. For the sake of better understanding of available information, managements require application of technologies such as software that can facilitate the processes that are involved in management. This paper seeks to discuss a development plan for the introduction of a new software technology in the management process of an organization. The paper will look into the business need for the technology, the initiative as well as other technologies that can be used to improve the effectiveness of the initiative.

Business need

Every organization that is considered to be progressive with an advantage of a going concern is characterized with a level of growth in its operations and capacity. Most business enterprises are realized…

Reference

Argyrous G., (2011). Statistics for Research: With a Guide to SPSS. London, UK: SAGE Publications Ltd.

Gerber S., and Finn K., (2005). Using SPSS for Windows: data analysis and graphics; New York, NY: Springer

Rob P., Coronel C., and Crocket K., (2008); Database systems: design, implementation & management. London, UK: Cengage Learning EMEA

Nonpaametic Tests

Many inteesting questions elated to students ae categoical. Fo instance, thee is consideable inteest in the diffeent enollment pattens of male and female students in the following majos: Science, technology, engineeing, and mathematics (STEM). While the liteatue does povide obust data fo the numbes of students enolled in these majos, intiguing questions emain that may be bette suited to moe qualitative data collection. Fo instance, a eseach question is: What baies ae peceived by female students with egad to focusing on these majos, and do male students face simila baies? Categoical epesentation of pesumed baies could fom the basis fo a study using Chi-squae analysis to exploe the fequency of students who identify paticula baies to selecting STEM majos. Chi-squae analysis, o goodness of fit, elies on fequency data, which means that it has applicability fo nominal data ("SPSS Help Sheet," n.d.). The vaiables of gende and the…

references of middle grade students, findings that have long-term implications for healthier lifestyle choices. Moreover, the Chi-square analyses offered a partitioning of the data that pointed to specific preference patterns that are useful to educators planning physical education courses for middle grade students.

The main feature of my viewpoint concerning the importance of being an IT manager that has been changed following the readings and interactions with others has been just how essential the IT manager position is to the success of companies of all types and sizes. An army may move on its stomach, but it is reasonable to suggest that many companies today move on their information technology resources. In this regard, Jia, eich and Pearson emphasize that, "The role of the IT function within the organization has expanded considerably in recent years, driven by changing expectations from business and the evolving technological environment" (2008, p. 294). Therefore, a responsive and well informed information technology manager can therefore contribute to the difference between success (and failure) of their enterprises in ways that have never been possible in the past (Desai, Hart & ichards, 2009). In fact, Jia and her associates (2008)…

References

Kumuyi, W.F. (2006, December). Africa: The leaders we need. New African, 457, 38-40.

SAS System

SAS contains an excellent graphics package for producing graphics and visuals to enhance the display and reporting of statistical information. The focus of this study is to examine the graphics uses of the SAS system and to provide a description for each use of graphics with the SAS system and then to compare the SAS system with other graphics packages available in today's market. Toward this end, this work will conduct a review of literature in this area of study.

(1) What are the various types of graphics that can be performed using the SAS system?

(2) What are the applications of SAS graphics?

(3) How does SAS graphics differ from other graphics packages?

The work of Phil Spector reports that the SAS system was developed in the early 1970s decade at North Caroline State University and was intended originally for use by management and analysis of agricultural…

Bibliography

Friendly, Michael (nd) A SIMULATION PROJECT FOR EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN. SUGI. York University. Friendly, Michael (nd) Visualizing Categorical Data: Data, Stories, and Pictures. Retrieved from:  http://www.datavis.ca/papers/sugi/vcdstory/vcdstory.pdf 

Introduction to SAS®/Graph Philip Mason, Wood Street Consulting, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, England (nd) Retrieved from:  http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/sas/library/Intro%20to%20SAS%20Graph.pdf 

Muenchen, RA (nd) Comparison of SAS and SPSS Products with R. Packages and Function. Retrieved from:  http://www.unt.edu/rss/class/mike/5030/Rrelated/RforSAS&SPSSproducts.pdf 

Patel, H. And Caira, D. (nd) Using SAS/GRAPH® Software to Create Graphs on the Web. Paper 189. Revised by David Caira, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, Retrieved from:  http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/sas/library/sas_graphs_on_web.pdf

Health Care Improvements

The health care industry is one that is much criticized in the United States. Many consumers look at this industry as one big giant industry that is only concerned about profitability, not about the health and safety of its customers. The health care industry must make many changes to change their image and provide better service to its customers. Medicare is a government health care insurance that covers 80% of the medical cost for individuals over the age of 65 years. Medicare currently has a bad reputation with its customers and with doctors. It is important for Medicare to change its reputation and build better relationship with customers and with doctors. By changing their image, Medicare will attract more doctors to become participants and this will be a better service for the customers. In this paper I will address some important steps that Medicare could take to…

References

Bebell et. al. (2010). Concerns, Considerations and New Ideas for Data Collection and Research in Education Technology Studies. Journal of Research on Technology in Education. 43 (1) 29-52

GAO Reports. (2001). Higher Expected Spending and Call for New Benefit Underscore Need for Meaningful Reform.GAO Reports. 1-19

Morgan, D.L. & Spanish, M.T. (1984). Focus Groups: A New Tool for Qualitative Research. Qualitative Sociology. 7 (3) 253-271

Newswire. (2010). Medicare Policy Changes Will Make it More Difficult for Nevada Beneficiaries to Obtain Power Wheelchairs. Newswire Phelan, J.L. & Jones, P. (2010). Heath Insurers Need to Quickly Assess Operational Costs for Medical Services Under Healthcare Reform. Healthcare Reform Briefing Paper.

T-tests in Quantitative Doctoral Business Research
Quantitative research is one of the methodologies that is commonly used in doctoral business research. The use of this approach is attributable to the availability of more data that requires analysis to help generate competitive advantage in the business field. The use of quantitative research entails conducting statistical analysis, which involves the use of different methods such as t-tests and ANOVA. T-test is used in hypothesis testing in quantitative studies to determine whether variations between the averages of two groups is unlikely to have emerged because of a random chance in selection of a sample. In essence, t-tests help to compare whether two groups have varying average values. In light of the role and significance of the assumptions underlying each parametric test, this paper provides a comparison of one-sample, paired-samples, and independent-sample t-tests within the context of quantitative doctoral business research. The comparison is…

tests (CTs) and scales vs. norm-eferenced

Criterion-referenced tests (CTs) are often the preferred method of assessing the performance of many practitioners in the healthcare and 'helping' professions such as nursing. An example of a criterion-based objective is that a student mastered 90% of the terms on a particular test (McDonald 2002). The NCLEX (National Council Licensure Examination) for nurses is an example of such a test: all nurses that pass the test can obtain licensure. The test is deemed to be both reliable and valid. "The reliability of the NCLEX examination is assessed via a decision consistency statistic. This statistic is used instead of a traditional reliability statistic such as Cronbach's alpha because it captures the reliability of dichotomous pass/fail decisions rather than the reliability of continuous scores or ability estimates" (eliability of NCLEX, 2013, NCSBN: 2).

In terms of the NCLE, the exam attempts to ensure content validity; face…

References

Reliability of NCLEX. (2013). NCSBN. Retrieved:  https://www.ncsbn.org/Reliability.pdf 

What does Cronbach's alpha mean? (n.d.). SPSS FAQ. Institute for Digital Research and Education. UCLA. Retrieved:  http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/spss/faq/alpha.html

Proposed Study
Participants
Thirty undergraduate students will be recruited to participate in this study. At least one student will represent each of the University academic departments. They will be recruited via Ashford University Facebook group. Most of the students are active Facebook users. So, a post inviting volunteers to participate in this study will be read by majority of the students. Each participant will be compensated because they are expected to attend two different sessions. The study will be carried out according to the ethical standards set by Ashford University.
Procedure
All the participants will fill an informed consent form. The form will tell participants that they are participating in a study about temperament and creativity and their responses will not be used for any other purposes apart from this study.
Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) and Formal Characteristics of Behavior - Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI) questionnaire will be administered…

Introduction
Background
Humans faces numerous challenges arising from majorly stress and conflicts in life that interferes with them in one way or the other. These daily predicaments cause one to be temperamental. Temperament is a state where an individual’s behavior and emotions show anger (Drabick and Ribanowitz, 2017). Such altered emotions and actions deprive one sense of focus, reasoning rationally and even having a decorum behavior. Researchers notes that temper is on the rise among children and adolescent individuals and as such it is becoming a major problem (Schimmel and Jacobs, 2011).Anger at time becomes chronic that one destroys things ,physical and verbal abuse ensues, unruly behavior and sometimes leads to suicide or homicide .For instance, Robin Williams, the famous Hollywood actor ,committed suicide out of depression.
Problem statement
In as much as there is considerable level of negative effect of anger, there is certain degree of anger that can…

Once this data is captured, the third objective of building an equilibrium-based model that conceptually defines the relationship of companies who chose to invest from a strategy standpoint over those that were functionally-driven and the differences in profitability as a result. This model will also be used as the basis of creating a four-step maturity model that will attempt to show how over time strategy-based implementations are more effective at creating collaboration within and between firms choosing this approach.

Benefits

The most significant benefit of this study is determining what factors contribute to the success or failure of CM systems, taking into account implementation planning and strategies to mitigate resistance to change. The success or failure of CM system implementations is often with the area of change management and alignment of these systems to business strategies (Foss, Stone, Ekinci, 2008). The proposed research will show through an equilibrium model and…

References

Band, W.. 2009. Risk-Proofing Your CRM Initiative. Customer Relationship Management, March 1, 12.

Foss, B., M. Stone, and Y. Ekinci. 2008. What makes for CRM system success -- or failure? Journal of Database Marketing & Customer Strategy Management 15, no. 2, (March 1): 68-78.

Sudhir H. Kale. 2004. CRM Failure and the Seven Deadly Sins. Marketing Management 13, no. 5, (September 1): 42-46.

Natalie Petouhoff. 2006. The Scientific Reason for CRM Failure. Customer Relationship Management, April 1, 48.

ole-based EP systems are critical for the siloed, highly inefficient architectures of legacy EP systems to be made more relevant, contribute greater financial performance, and lead to higher levels of overall customer satisfaction.

c. Purpose of the study

The purpose the study is evaluate how enterprises who adopt role-based EP system implementations are able to attain higher levels of financial and operations-based performance vs. those that rely on silo-based, more functionally defined EP structures. ole-based EP systems have been proven to lead to greater order accuracy, velocity and customer satisfaction as a result. The ability to gain greater visibility throughout supply chains, better manage pricing, discounts, implement and maintain contract management systems, and also deliver consistently high customer service have all been attributed to role-based EP systems. Conversely siloed EP systems that are managed strictly to functional areas have been shown to severely limit the ability of enterprises to be…

References

Aberdeen Research (2005) -- New Product Development: Profiting from Innovation. Aberdeen Research. Boston, MA. December 2005

Abrams and Andrews 2005, Management Update: Client Issues for Service-Oriented Business Applications, 2005. Gartner Group. 20 July 2005.

Aimi, G. (2005).- AMR Research (2005, October 25). Retailers Save Money by Controlling in-Bound Logistics. (Alert). Boston, MA

Akkermans, H., & van Helden, K. 2002. Vicious and virtuous cycles in ERP

In short, the left prefrontal cortex is intimately connected to the cingulate cortex, the source of attentional ability (e.g. Kalish, Wiech, Hermann, & Dolan, 2006), whilst simultaneously serving as site for happiness. The hypothesis of this essay, therefore is, that the greater the span of attention accorded an activity, the more positive and more intense the level of serenity experienced.

Although Csikszentmihalyi has conducted research on 'flow' and shown that the experience of flow associated with mindfulness and attentionality has been identified as the highest level of well being (Csikszentmihalyi, 2000), little if any research seems to exist on the connection between hobbies and serenity. It may be assumed that hobbies indicate a sense of flow, implicating mindfulness or attentioanlity, therefore, as per the left prefrontal cortex, sense of pleasure and serenity should be sharpened and participants should feel more serenity. Hobbies, however, are a huge field and their spectrum…

References

Bear, M.F., Connors, B.W., & Paradiso, M.A. (2001). Neuroscience: Exploring the brain. Baltimore, MA: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins.

Cardoso, S.H. (2007). Hardwired for happiness. Cerebrum 2007: Emerging ideas in brain science. Washington, DC, U.S.: Dana Press. pp. 169-184.

Buckner, R, L., Raichle, M.E., & Paterson, S.E (1995) Dissociation of human prefrontal cortical areas across different speech production tasks and gender groups Journal of neurophysiology, 2, 15-25

Curtis, W.J., & Ciccheti, D. (2007). Emotion and resilience: A multilevel investigation of hemispheric electroencephalogram asymmetry and emotion regulation in maltreated and nonmaltreated children. Development & Psychopathology, 19, p811-840.