Download stock prices companies - 22 daily closing prices company. You database obtain prices e.g. datastream, yahoo finance . Use prices September 2013 onwards. 2.Present a table companies, dates, prices returns ( %).
The 22 daily closing prices for IM, Microsoft and Apple reflect the period from October 1 to October 30. In order to calculate the price return for each stock, the previous day closing price has been subtracted from the present day closing price and the result was divided by the present day value. The result has been multiplied by 100, to reflect a percentage price return. The formula below resumes this calculation:

R% = ((Rt-Rt-1)/Rt) * 100

The table below shows the closing prices for the three selected companies (IM, Microsoft and Apple), as well as the percentage price returns for each of these companies, for the interval October 1 -- October 30.

IM

Microsoft

Apple

Close Price

Price Return

Close Price

Price Return

Close Price

Price

(a) efore….

Accounting
Snags' stock price has been cut in half the past few years. Investors are concerned that almost every reliable measure of the company's financial health has declined in that period. The worst area is with profitability, as the company's margins have declined sharply at all levels. If current trends in profitability persist, Snags will lose money in FY2013. Along with the decline in profitability and therefore investment returns, other ratios have also suffered. The company's operating efficiency remains poor to mediocre, its liquidity has improved but only because of inventory and receivables sitting longer than usual, and the gearing ratio has increased as the company has borrowed to offset the decline in operating cash flow.

Body

This report will focus on the areas of concern with respect to the profitability, efficiency, liquidity and capital structure of Snags Ltd. Financial ratios will be used as the basis of this analysis. All of the….

determinants of stock prices, to explain why stock prices fluctuate. There are a number of models that seek to explain stock valuation, including the dividend growth model and the efficient market hypothesis. For many investors, capital gains are the key to a company's value, and EMH would thus apply. Stock prices reflect the aggregate sentiment about the future prospects of a company. These sentiments constantly change, based on new information being released and applied to what is already known about the company, its industry, its competitors and the economy at large. The constant stock price adjustments reflect this collective analysis of all information regarding a stock and the interpretation of its future prospects.
Introduction

A stock is a share in ownership of a company. In theory, a share entitles the holder to a proportional share of future income. There are different schools of thought as to what exactly this entails --….

Economics
The author of this report is asked to assessed the financial fortunes and business decision-making of a firm named Autoedge. For the longest time, Autoedge was in a good niche in that they were providing auto parts and upgrades for all three of the major automakers. There was indeed an extra costs and such associated with the upgrades but many people trusted the name of Autoedge and were more than willing to pay the extra cost associated with the upgrades. However, there came a point where costs and competitiveness became a concern and manufacturing operations were shifted overseas to South Korea. This decision came with a staggering cost as quality fell sharply and there has been great damage to Autoedge's image. The question becomes now whether Autoedge should persist in keeping manufacturing operations overseas or whether Autoedge should try to take advantage of the fact that the job situation in….

Price Call Models
Black-Scholes Model and the Binomial Model are some of the widely used price call options. Despite the fact that these two models share the same theoretical foundation and assumptions like the Brownian motion theory and risk neutral valuation, they happen to have some notable differences (endleman & Bartter, 1979).

The Black-Scholes model is basically used to calculate a theoretical call price. This call price ignores dividends paid during the life of the call option. Some of the determinants of the option price include stock price (S), strike price (X), volatility (v), time to expiration (t), and short-term interest rate (r) (endleman & Bartter, 1979). This model has got some assumptions. One of the assumptions is that the stock pays no dividend during the option's life. This assumption is a serious limitation of the model considering that companies do pay dividends to their shareholders (endleman & Bartter, 1979). The fear….

Stock Stats
Statistics in the World of Stocks

Many students at various levels in mathematics at times find themselves asking the question, why do I need to learn this? It is admittedly true that many people will never really use algebra in their daily lives, and the complex world of statistics and probability also goes unutilized by many. Algebra, probability, and statistics can all be useful to everyone, in actuality, and more importantly there are specific instances where these areas of mathematics prove absolutely invaluable. When it comes to the stock market, many people try to use statistical models to predict when certain stocks are good values, or when they are poised to skyrocket investors to new fortunes, but there are also more sensible applications of certain probability and statistics concepts that are reasonable means of influencing stock-buying decisions. Applying a few basic methods of analysis to some elements of various business….

That being said, the overall risks to the portfolio will vary, depending upon the type of stock that is purchased and how much diversification is being utilized. ("What are the Main Types of Stock.," 2010)
How much does a stock contribute to the return of a portfolio?

Historically the average return of the S&P 500 has been 9.8% a year. (Swedroe, 2009) However, the overall impact of the return will depend upon: the underlying amounts of growth and dividends that are received. These two factors are important, because they can cause the total return of the portfolio to vary. As a result, the overall contribution of stocks, on the return of the portfolio; will depend upon the type of equity securities that are being purchased and the holding period.

Clearly, the underlying amounts of risks and rewards will depend upon a number of different factors. As far as risks are concerned, the….

("Gates, Bill," 2007) the company is in fact considered a regional financial backbone, in the Seattle-edmond area where its world headquarters are. The whole region and to some extent the whole world takes notice when Microsoft announces financial strategies and changes or when stocks rise or fall.
The software maker said it would buy back $20 billion through a tender offer set to be completed on Aug. 17. The company said that its board of directors has also authorized the company to buy back up to $20 billion worth of stock through June 2011. The company said it has completed the $30 billion stock buyback announced two years ago. "With our share repurchase programs announcement today, we reaffirm our confidence and optimism in the long-term future of the company and continue to execute on our strategy of returning capital to shareholders," Microsoft Chief Financial Officer Chris Liddell said in a….

The Golden Cross is when a security's short-term moving average breaks through its long-term moving average. This would indicate a bull market on the horizon. ight now the 15-day moving average is 16491 and the 50-day moving average is 16370. The 100-day moving average is 16250, so unlike many of the other indicators, the Golden Cross indicates a bull market.
2.

The graph tells me little, actually. It's better to regress these numbers to understand the nature of the correlation than to play the guessing game with a graph that covers the last forty years. The graph does tell me, however, that the growth rate of M1 does not correlate much with recessions. There are two major growths in M1 (in 2011 and in the mid-80s) that had no link to recession. There are also three that were linked, and in each there was a runup in M1 prior to the….

It was first proposed in 1979 and uses a "discrete time" or lattice-based model of the way price varies over time -- without using closed form solutions (Cox, et al., 1979). In actual usage, the BOPM is quite widely used because it handles a wide variety of conditions that other models do not account for -- largely because it is based on the description of an underlying instrument over a longer period of time, as opposed to a single point without a large number of variables. Scholars say that it is computationally slower than the Black-Scholes formula, but more accurate, specifically for longer-dated options on securities that have dividend payments, trade in multiple securities, or have a number of complicated features within their variables. The BOPM model works by tracing the options key underlying variables through a lattice tree, which identifies steps between variables over time. For example, each….

alt Disney Company (DIS)
• Fundamentals - the company's business, is it financially sound? Is it growing?

Per their earnings amounts for Disney, the answer is that they are growing. They are indeed fairly financially sound, but their overall revenues are not doing all that well. Over the last three full years, revenue has grown at a clip of about $3 billion a year as they were at $42.2 billion in 2012, $45 billion in 2013 and $48.8 billion in 2014. Gross profit grew at a good clip over that same time frame, going from $18.8 billion in 2012, $20 billion in 2013 and $22.3 billion in 2014. The proportion of gross profit to total revenue did edge up slightly, albeit by about one percent. Net income has grown at about a billion per year, so it too is looking good. Total assets are growing (about five billion a year over the….

Part 8

In regard to the organizational structure, al-Mart Stores can be said to be organized by divisions. In this regard, we have al-Mart supercentres, Sam's Clubs etc. Currently, the company's president is Mr. Mike Duke. Other key management positions in the firm include the position of chief financial officer, vice chairman, chief executive officer-international operations, and chief executive officer- al-Mart U.S.. These key positions are currently held by Mr. Charles M. Holley Jr., Mr. Eduardo Castro-right, Mr. Doug McMillon and Mr. illiam S. Simon respectively.

Part 9

Headline 1

"Stagnant ages, High Unemployment Slam al-Mart U.S. Sales: Domestic Sales at orld's Largest Retailer Post Two-Year Slump." (5/17/2011). (MSN n.p.)

Impact and Reason

In my own opinion, the news item above will bring about a decrease in the price of al-Mart's Store Stock. My reasoning in this case is that based on a decline in sales, investors will not be so keen on buying the stock….

Because of this, I would expect that U.S. Energy would have performed better, but that has not been the case. None of the individual holdings are overly dependent upon energy costs, such as we would see in the airline industry, so the performance of the portfolio does not seem to have been overly affected by the rise in energy prices.
The proper approach to investing involves diversifying, not only across different companies, but also across different sectors of the economy. In a given year, one sector of the economy will be up and another will be down. One-year large cap growth stocks will be up and foreign stocks will be down. The next year real estate will be up and large cap growth may be down. If we knew in advance which sectors would be on top, investing would be easy, but we don't. As a result, diversification across different….

Stock Exchanges
NYSE & NASDAQ

Generally speaking, and with many notable exceptions, the fundamental difference between the companies listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ is that the NASDAQ is home to many technology firms and other more volatile companies, while the NYSE is where most of the major industrial companies and so-called "blue-chip" companies are traded. here is a broad price range and performance record for the stocks of both exchanges, and their ups and downs are most often in alignment (increasingly so as the period of examination is extended), meaning that the perceived differences and the real differences in the companies that make up each exchange might be exaggerated in terms of the effect they have on the actual performance of the stocks being traded. A look at two individual companies, each listed on one of these exchanges, yields more contrast than an overview of….

It is expected that the bond will mirror the performance of the S & P. 500. ("Transaction History," 2010)
November 24, 2010

On November 24th several more new purchases would take place to include: General Motors, erkshire Hathaway, the Fidelity Immediate Government Fund and the Strategic Advisors Income Fund.

Stocks

General Motors was selected, because it could help to provide the portfolio with above average growth. The results were that that stock would see an increase of 1.4%. ("Transaction History," 2010)

erkshire Hathaway was purchased to provide the portfolio with stability and diversification. This investment is expected to outperform the major market averages. The results were up .96%.( "Transaction History," 2010)

Mutual Funds

The Fidelity Intermediate Government Fund was selected because of their focus on medium term Treasury investments. This is expected to underperform the market averages. The results were that the position declined by 2.55%. ("Transaction History," 2010)

The Strategic Advisors Income Fund was selected to….

Right now, it is impossible to discuss the financial markets without looking at what happened with GameStop stock, so we are going to focus our example essay outline on this event.  To understand how a bunch of small investors organizing on social media were able to disrupt hedge fund managers and traditional ways that they profit off of failing companies, it is important to understand the concept of shorting stocks. 

I. Introduction

A. Stock shorting

B. Why businesses fail from stock shorting

C. Why GameStop was vulnerable

D. The impact of purchasing GameStop....

I. Introduction
A. Brief background information on PepsiCo
B. Thesis statement: This essay will explore the history, products, and corporate social responsibility initiatives of PepsiCo.

II. History of PepsiCo
A. Founding of PepsiCo by Caleb Bradham in 1898
B. Merger of Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay in 1965
C. Expansion into other beverage and snack categories

III. PepsiCo's Products
A. Beverages
1. Pepsi-Cola
2. Mountain Dew
3. Gatorade
B. Snacks
1. Lay's
2. Doritos
3. Quaker Oats

IV. Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives
A. Environmental Sustainability
1. Reduction of water usage
2. Recycling initiatives
B. Community Engagement
1. PepsiCo Foundation's grants and donations
2. Volunteering programs
....

Do Computers Think?

Defining Thought

Before delving into the question of whether computers think, it is essential to define what we mean by "thought." Thought is a complex and multifaceted process that involves various mental operations, including:

Cognition: The acquisition, storage, and retrieval of knowledge.
Reasoning: The ability to draw logical conclusions from given premises.
Problem-solving: The ability to find solutions to problems by applying known information and strategies.
Decision-making: The ability to evaluate options and select the best course of action.
Consciousness: The subjective experience of being aware of one's own thoughts, feelings, and surroundings.

Capabilities of Computers

Computers are powerful machines capable....