Truman Doctrine Essays (Examples)

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ruman Doctrine: An Overview
Dr. insley

he ruman Doctrine was the first, formal statement by a U.S. president that America would intervene in the affairs of the world in a formal and consistent manner. It was the death knell of American isolationism and was an open acknowledgement of America's position as a world power willing to take aggressive action in international affairs. ruman unambiguously characterized the Soviet Union as evil, casting America's commitment to aid the Greek government against communist insurgents in a moral light (Coffey, 1984, p. 233).

In a speech to a joint session of Congress in 1947 in which he outlined the doctrine, ruman stated: "One of the primary objectives of the foreign policy of the United States is the creation of conditions in which we and other nations will be able to work out a way of life free from coercion. his was a fundamental issue in the war….

Truman Doctrine
The first episode that led to the development of what came to be known as the Truman Doctrine occurred in 1947, when Truman asked Congress to provide monetary aid to Greece and Turkey to support their fight against encroaching Communist elements (Spalding 2006; Murrin et al. 2008). Truman's justification for this, and the concept that became his eponymous Doctrine, was that any free people should be supported in their resistance to "armed minorities" from within their own nation or pressures (monetary and military) exerted by outside forces (Murrin et al. 2008; UDDOS 2011). In this particular instance, Great Britain had been supporting Turkey against the Soviet Union and Greece against insurrection, but informed the United States that they would not be able to continue providing this support (USDOS 2011). The Truman Doctrine was developed in order to contain Communism by helping non-Communist nations to resist being oppressed and controlled….

Truman Doctrine
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consequences of the Truman Doctrine and how it affected other areas of American history. President Harry S. Truman unveiled the Truman Doctrine on March 12, 1947, after the end of World War , in a speech he gave to Congress. t was a doctrine dedicated to supporting democracy and fighting communism around the world, because Truman felt America had an obligation to others as a leader of the free world. He also believed communism was a real threat and he wanted to make sure that it did not spread outside Europe. The Truman Doctrine had completely good intentions, but experts believe it helped lead to the Cold War and draw up a wall between the United States and the Soviet Union that lasted for decades.
n the short-term, many positive aspects of the Truman Doctrine began to be felt. The Marshall Plan, which operated from 1948 through 1952, was an….

Truman Doctrine
Just 2 years after the end of World War II, President Harry S. Truman delivered a speech to the U.S. Congress concerning the need to contain the spread of Soviet Union-sponsored communism which, with various refinements, would become the cornerstone of American foreign policy for the next 4 decades (Trainor, 1998). To determine its overarching impact, this paper reviews the relevant literature in order to provide an identification of the author of the Truman Doctrine, why it is important in relation to the larger themes of the Cold War era. Finally, a summary of the research and important findings concerning the Truman Doctrine are presented in the conclusion.

In a speech entitled, "Special Message to the Congress on Greece and Turkey" delivered on March 12, 1947 to a joint session of Congress, President Harry S. Truman proclaimed that the foreign policy of the United States would be focused on the….

Kennedy recognizes the need to establish a bond with all the South American leaders, thereby isolating Chavez-Chavez politically as ineffective leader in South America. Kennedy perceived the Third orld in terms of the "national military establishment," and vulnerable to the manipulations of the Soviet Union (Schwab, Orrin, 1998, 1). Kennedy had already gone around with Cuba, and did not wish to repeat his mistakes in Venezuela, but he also had no intention of surrendering Venezuela to the Soviet Union in the way in which Cuba had been surrendered before him.
President Kennedy saw South American diplomacy as the route to turning Venezuela away from bonding with the Soviet Union. He recognized that he could not alienate the rest of South America from the United States, or that would drive them into the sphere of Venezuela's influence over them towards the Soviet Union.

Kennedy calls a meeting with Chavez-Chavez, in private, with….

Anti-Communism
For those not familiar with the political spectrum, opposition to Communism as it existed over the 20th century may be a tad confusing or vexing. However, there is certainly rhyme or reason to who opposed Communism and on what grounds that opposition existed. Even if there has been a huge shift in terms of who is liberal and who is conservative over the years, most everyone in power was vocally anti-Communist in the days of Truman and Joe Mccarthy. However, the ways in which that did or did not manifest varied a bit from person to person. While some of the vocal opponents of Communism were on the same side of the political spectrum as the same, there was most certainly a difference and the anti-Communist activities of some, like Mccarthy, were not terribly productive.

Analysis

One thing that has to be said straight off the top is that the liberal and….

The 1956 Suez Canal Crisis caused an indirect confrontation when America's allies France, Britain, and Israel made an unsuccessful military attempt to take over the Suez Canal from the Soviet Union's ally Egypt. After the U.S.S.. threatened to become militarily involved in the crisis, the U.S. forced its allies to concede defeat.
The 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis occurred after the U.S. discovered that the U.S.S.. had secretly supplied Cuba with nuclear-armed missiles. This discovery was especially alarming because now the U.S.S.. could militarily subdue its rival by easily launching missiles against it. After a naval blockade around Cuba and intense negotiations the U.S.S.. was finally made to remove the missiles in exchange for the U.S. pledge not to overthrow Cuba's Communist regime.

eferences

The Cold War." (N.D) in the Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Standard 2005 CD..

Kennedy Doctrine and the Cold War
In his inaugural address as the President of the United States on January 1961, John F. Kennedy (popularly called "JFK") delivered a message that directly discussed the United States' official stance regarding its move to implement a foreign policy waging a "cold war" against Communist forces that have been gaining popularity in Asia, South America, and parts of the Middle East during this period. his U.S. foreign policy, popularly called the containment policy against Communism, was the pretext from which the eventual Cold War between Democratic and Communist forces escalated until the 1970s. During this period, JFK was assigned the task of continuing the American legacy of democracy and liberty by promoting a campaign of international alliance and cooperation against the Communist forces. At this point, Communist forces were gaining ground in South America, increasing the threat to both American soil and the country's ideals….

Second World War Left the
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In this sense, Stalin decided to extend his influence and to impose certain types of government in countries such as Poland, Hungry, or omania. The same fate would have had Greece and Turkey as well, should the U.S. not have outlined the Truman Doctrine. It can be said that the doctrine itself was a reaction to the tendency of the soviets to extend their influence.
The Marshall Plan can be seen as the economic component of the Truman Doctrine. It was in fact a set of principles pointed out in 1947 at Harvard by Secretary of State George Marshall (American hetoric, 2008). This economic plan too was designed for cater for the economic needs of eastern countries as well, but seeing that the ussian side considered it to be the mere economic arm of the Truman Doctrine, it forced countries under its occupation to reject this reconstruction aid. In fact….


3. In February 1946, the U.. Treasury asked the U.. Embassy in Moscow why the oviet Union was not supporting the newly created World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Kennan wrote the response to these questions, but included a broader base.

4. Initially, the intended audience was the American government, but when the document was published in Foreign Affairs, the audience became the academic and interested public, along with a way to get the message to the populace about the actual motives of the U...R.

5. Kennan was far from being reactionary. He left out specifics on oviet aggression, but was writing based on the actions that he actually observed after World War II, and the signals he received from his diplomatic contacts within the oviet government.

6. The Kennan document, along with the Truman Doctrine, are seen as the basic documents that established U.. foreign policy towards the oviet Union after….

Cold War After the End
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In fact, many people believe it was the final factor that led to disintegration of Soviet/U.S. relations, and directly led to the failure of the Moscow Conference of foreign ministers in March 1947. The conference had been convened in an attempt for the two powers to come to an agreement about situations in Europe, including whether or not to unify the German state, but with its failure, relations between the two countries became even more strained.
The Marshall Plan followed the Truman Doctrine in 1947, and was an attempt to boost the European economy after the war. Historian Whitcomb writes, "The Marshall Plan was conceived as a 'counter-offensive' to Moscow's moves in Eastern Europe and as a reaction to Stalin's decision, registered at the Moscow Conference, to rebuff all gestures of compromise looking toward settlement of the problems dividing Europe" (Whitcomb 84). It was an attempt to rebuild Europe instead….

Seeds of the Cold War
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Strangely, America's role as policeman in Europe actually led to its becoming involved in military conflicts in Southeast Asia. Although the U.S. did not fight the Soviet Union directly in Korea or Vietnam, both conflicts were due to the U.S.'s policy of defeating the spread of Communism no matter where it might occur. Fears of escalation during both the Korean and Vietnam conflicts caused the U.S. To adopt a military strategy that favored limited warfare (Brodie).
The Cold ar had a tremendous impact on the growth of the United States as an industrial and world military power. America's presence throughout the world militarily and the dependence of estern Europe and Japan on the American economy for the sustenance of their own economies caused America's political and economic influence to expanded substantially. Beginning with the Berlin airlift (Reeves) where the United States provided food and other vital items to est Berliners….

Evolution of U.S. oreign Policy under Presidents Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon towards the Soviet Union
oreign Policy towards the Soviet Union under Presidents Truman through to Nixon (1945-1974) was characterized by the "Cold War" -- a period of heightened tension between the two 'super powers' of the world. Even while being constrained by the compulsions of the 'Cold War,' the relations between the two countries gradually evolved into a less hostile association under successive U.S. Presidents in this period.

Harry Truman who became the U.S. President towards the end of World War II was the architect of the policy of containment of the Communism, led by the Soviet Union, around the world enshrined in the 'Truman Doctrine.' He was also instrumental in establishing a strong Western alliance called NATO in Europe that checked Soviet designs beyond Eastern Europe. Eisenhower continued with his predecessors' policy of "containment" without direct confrontation….

S. administration after Truman's adopted Kennan's policy of 'containment' or its variation as a cornerstone of their foreign policy right until the eventual collapse of Communism in 1989. ("Kennan and Containment" n.d.)
eferences

Bell, P.M.H. (2001). The World since 1945 -- an International History. New York: Oxford University Press

George F. Kennan on the Web" (2005). History Politics and Future. etrieved on May 28, 2005 at http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/2496/future/kennan.html

Historian Walter Lefeber on Truman's Soviet Policy." (2000). PBS Online. etrieved on May 28, 2005 at http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/truman/filmmore/it_1.html

Kennan and Containment." (n.d.) Bureau of Public Affairs: U.S. Department of State. etrieved on May 28, 2005 at http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/cwr/17601.htm

Legvold, . (2005). "Cold War." Article in Encyclopedia Encarta Online. etrieved on May 28, 2005 at http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761569374/Cold_War.html#p11

While the U.S. represented democracy, individual liberty and capitalism, the U.S.S.. was committed to the spread of the communist revolution among the 'down-trodden' masses of the world

The USS had already established a pro-Communist provisional government in Poland….

Rise of China Case Study
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rise of China in terms of its economy and military capability and in relation to the United States of America's national interest. Thou many have viewed this to be a threat to the U.S., but it isn't so, particularly to its' national interest with respect to China.
Despite of the fact that currently the relationship that exists between the U.S. And China is not as good as compared to the one that exited with the Bush administration, both countries have to work jointly in matters where they both have common interest. The research recommends that the U.S. foreign policy towards China be one that's aimed at seeking cooperation between both countries which will at the end be able to secure U.S. national interest with respect to China (Walt, 1998, p 41).

U.S. national interest in China

eferring to reports published by the Commission on America's National Interests; the reports indicate that generally….

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3 Pages
Research Paper

Drama - World

Truman Doctrine An Overview Dr Tinsley the

Words: 870
Length: 3 Pages
Type: Research Paper

ruman Doctrine: An Overview Dr. insley he ruman Doctrine was the first, formal statement by a U.S. president that America would intervene in the affairs of the world in a formal…

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2 Pages
Essay

American History

Truman Doctrine the First Episode That Led

Words: 559
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Essay

Truman Doctrine The first episode that led to the development of what came to be known as the Truman Doctrine occurred in 1947, when Truman asked Congress to provide monetary…

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Term Paper

Drama - World

Truman Doctrine

Words: 1284
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Term Paper

consequences of the Truman Doctrine and how it affected other areas of American history. President Harry S. Truman unveiled the Truman Doctrine on March 12, 1947, after the…

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2 Pages
Essay

Government - Foreign Policy

How the Truman Doctrine Shaped the Second Half of the 20th Century

Words: 697
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Essay

Truman Doctrine Just 2 years after the end of World War II, President Harry S. Truman delivered a speech to the U.S. Congress concerning the need to contain the spread…

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19 Pages
Research Proposal

Literature - Latin-American

Truman in Hypothetical Crisis as

Words: 5310
Length: 19 Pages
Type: Research Proposal

Kennedy recognizes the need to establish a bond with all the South American leaders, thereby isolating Chavez-Chavez politically as ineffective leader in South America. Kennedy perceived the Third…

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2 Pages
Essay

Political Science

Truman and McCarthy vs Communism

Words: 695
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Essay

Anti-Communism For those not familiar with the political spectrum, opposition to Communism as it existed over the 20th century may be a tad confusing or vexing. However, there is certainly…

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1 Pages
Term Paper

Drama - World

Western Civilization the 1947 Truman

Words: 335
Length: 1 Pages
Type: Term Paper

The 1956 Suez Canal Crisis caused an indirect confrontation when America's allies France, Britain, and Israel made an unsuccessful military attempt to take over the Suez Canal from…

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3 Pages
Research Paper

Government

Kennedy Doctrine and the Cold War in

Words: 870
Length: 3 Pages
Type: Research Paper

Kennedy Doctrine and the Cold War In his inaugural address as the President of the United States on January 1961, John F. Kennedy (popularly called "JFK") delivered a message that…

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3 Pages
Term Paper

Drama - World

Second World War Left the

Words: 1037
Length: 3 Pages
Type: Term Paper

In this sense, Stalin decided to extend his influence and to impose certain types of government in countries such as Poland, Hungry, or omania. The same fate would…

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5 Pages
Term Paper

Drama - World

Dred Scott V Sanford Decision

Words: 1724
Length: 5 Pages
Type: Term Paper

3. In February 1946, the U.. Treasury asked the U.. Embassy in Moscow why the oviet Union was not supporting the newly created World Bank and the International Monetary…

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3 Pages
Term Paper

Drama - World

Cold War After the End

Words: 1009
Length: 3 Pages
Type: Term Paper

In fact, many people believe it was the final factor that led to disintegration of Soviet/U.S. relations, and directly led to the failure of the Moscow Conference of…

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3 Pages
Research Paper

Drama - World

Seeds of the Cold War

Words: 1368
Length: 3 Pages
Type: Research Paper

Strangely, America's role as policeman in Europe actually led to its becoming involved in military conflicts in Southeast Asia. Although the U.S. did not fight the Soviet Union…

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1 Pages
Term Paper

Drama - World

Evolution of U S Foreign Policy

Words: 400
Length: 1 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Evolution of U.S. oreign Policy under Presidents Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon towards the Soviet Union oreign Policy towards the Soviet Union under Presidents Truman through to Nixon…

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5 Pages
Term Paper

Drama - World

Cold War the Heightened Tension

Words: 1786
Length: 5 Pages
Type: Term Paper

S. administration after Truman's adopted Kennan's policy of 'containment' or its variation as a cornerstone of their foreign policy right until the eventual collapse of Communism in 1989. ("Kennan…

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7 Pages
Case Study

Government

Rise of China Case Study

Words: 2059
Length: 7 Pages
Type: Case Study

rise of China in terms of its economy and military capability and in relation to the United States of America's national interest. Thou many have viewed this to…

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