Chicago: Planning and Urban Life
Urban Sustainability
Urban sustainability revolves around many factors. This means for the area to endure, several factors have to be considered. These factors may involve engaging the local communities in order to re-urbanize a given region. Areas to consider during this upgrade include the building structures, the infrastructure connections, urban design, which includes transportation, means. Transportation means avoiding cars in the central business district to avoid delays. The social and economic designs are also areas to be looked into during this sustainability of cities. A walking distance connection saves time hence adds in production. The environment is also an area to be looked at because it should be supportive for physical activities. This brings about the conclusion that urban sustainability consists of three important factors. These are the economic, environment and social factors (Botkin, 45).
Characteristics of a sustainable City
In a sustainable city, different characteristics usually exist which…...
mlaWorks cited
Botkin, D.B.. Discordant Harmonies, a New Ecology for the 21st century. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002
Hak, T. Sustainability Indicators, SCOPE 67. London: Island Press.v2007
Hawken, P, Lovins, A.B. & L.H. Natural Capitalism: Creating the next Industrial Revolution. Snowmass, USA: Rocky Mountain Institution. 2006
Calthorpe, P and Fulton, W The Regional City. Washington DC: Island Press. 2001
unconventional poetic form and breaking the laws of spelling and grammar, Bill Bissett's "Ode to Frank Silvera" presents a multilayered, multifaceted critique of modern poetry and modern life. Ironically, "Ode to Frank Silvera" does reveal a strong commitment to the traditional goals of poetry: including the use of verse to achieve intellectual and emotional reactions in the reader. The reader can recognize the elements of traditional poetic structure including the use of repetition and parallelism, and deliberate homage paid to ee Cummings in the use of all lowercase letters. Bissett also manages to achieve a sort of meta-analysis of the English language, distilling words to their essential phonemes and presenting them with blatant errors in spelling. Doing this, Bissett also draws attention to the words he misspells, such as the ubiquitous "yu," which is pivotal in "Ode to Frank Silvera." The content of "Ode to Frank Silvera" echoes that…...
mlaReferences
Bissett, B. (1980). Ode to Frank Silvera. In Beyond Even Faithful Legends. Vancouver: Talon.
Blake, W. (1794). London. Retrieved online: http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/172929
Eliot, T.S. (1915). The love song of J. Alfred Prufrock. Retrieved online: http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/poem/173476
Morrell, E. & Duncan-Andrade, J. (n.d.). What they do learn in school. Chapter 11 in Mahiri, J. (Ed.) What They Don't Learn in School. New York: Peter Lang.
Urban Culture
hat is urban culture(s)?
Hear the words 'urban culture,' and quite often one thinks of hip-hop, the music that is a fusion of black city culture with other ethnic elements of various cities, from Jamaican to Latino sounds. Of course, this is a single example of modern urban culture. hat hip-hop shares in common with other urban cultural expressions of the past is that hip-hop is the product of fusing the diverse cultural elements of a variety of new ethnicities into a new culture. Urban culture is the result of tightly packing people into close apartment structures, neighborhoods and blocks that often allow them to be ethnically or racially 'isolated' from mainstream modern culture, yet creates a proximity that forces urban residents to adapt to a new American environment in a socially 'sharing' way.
The notion of urban culture is older than such modern-day constructions as hip-hop however. According to urban…...
mlaWorks Cited
Schultz, Stanley. Constructing the Urban Culture American Cities and City Planning, 1800-1920. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989.
Lobo, Daniel G., & Larry Schooler. (2004) "Playing with Urban Life." Technology & Cities. The American City. Issue 6. Retrieved 8 Nov 2005 at http://www.americancity.org/article.php?id_article=21
Urban Infrastructure and Services Changed in the Colonial Era to 1860
Urban infrastructure and connected services had a massive impact in the development of the colonies, all the way up to the end of the 19th century. In just a few decades, the quaint colonial townships which had once existed were no longer around, but had manifested into bustling metropolitan centers. This paper will demonstrate how much of that evolution was as a result of the values of Puritanism which guided and helped the colonies to evolve and develop into the modern era. The values of Puritanism spurred people to work and to thrive, causing the towns to work and to thrive into cities.
Pennsylvania is a shining example of how urban infrastructure and such related factors were able to modernize and urbanize such a colony. Philadelphia largely offers a clear example of how both privatism and a rejection of traditional values…...
mlaWorks Cited
Anbinder, T. (2001). Five Points: The 19th-Century New York City . New York: Penguin Group.
Kang, N. (2009, December). Puritanism and Its Impact upon American Values . Retrieved from ccsenet.org: http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/res/article/viewFile/4585/3924
Warner, S. (1968). The Private City: Philadelphia in Three Periods. Phhiladelphia: University of Pennsylvania.
Urban Anthropology
Our urban metropolises are no longer the vibrant or essential centers they used to be. The mass migration of the wealthy into the suburbs has left our cities with reduced tax bases and less stability and in turn the cities have rapidly begun decaying. Our cities today are decadent and dangerous. Cites are the remnants of the industrial age and that time is gone. Breaking down or getting a flat tire in the wrong block will get an unfortunate traveler an introduction into the horrors of street crime and the illegal narcotics industry. Our cities are just not nice places any more. "Residents air their complaints in community meetings (of block dubs, police beats, the Local School Council, church groups, the Chamber of Commerce). Gangs and gang bangers top the list of their concerns." (Pattillo) This report will attempt to present an anthropological answer to the culture of poverty…...
mlaWorks Cited
Pattillo, Mary E. "Sweet Mothers And Gang Bangers: Managing Crime In A Black Middle-Class Neighborhood" Social Forces 01 Mar. 1998.
Ryan, James E. "Schools, Race, And Money" Yale Law Journal November (1999):.
Zenner, Walter P., and George Gmelch. Urban Life: Readings in the Anthropology of the City. 4th ed. n.p. Waveland P, 2001.
Urban Life
The odney Kind riots resulted in 50 deaths, 4000 injuries, 12,000 arrests, and $1 billion in property damage ("The Los Angeles iots, 1992").
While riots give a voice to the oppressed, it remains questionable whether they create meaningful structural change. Ten years after the odney King riots, "South Central remains one of the city's poorest neighborhoods. Unemployment remains well above 20% even after the boom of the 1990s," ("The Los Angeles iots, 1992"). iots reflect poorly on their communities, frightening away potential investors, social service institutions, and other means of community enrichment.
However, cities and their governments can learn from these four significant events in American urban history. Law enforcement officials must be trained to anticipate riots. Police departments should eliminate racial profiling and more vigorously prosecute officers using excessive force. Minorities should become well-represented at all levels of city government including law enforcement and criminal justice but also in education,…...
mlaReferences
The 1965 Watts Riots." Retrieved Mar 12, 2007 at http://www.usc.edu/libraries/archives/la/watts.html
Herman, M. (nd). "Newark Riots-1967." The Newark and Detroit Riots. Retrieved Mar 12, 2007 at http://www.67riots.rutgers.edu/n_index.htm
Los Angeles Riot Still Echoes a Decade Later." (2002). CNN.com.
The Los Angeles Riots, 1992." Retrieved Mar 12, 2007 at http://www.usc.edu/libraries/archives/la/la_riot.html .
Intelligence operation in cities will reveal, in addition to other things, the exact locations of the enemy. Once the locations have been pinpointed, the interagency task force can then besiege him with a combination of forces, surveillance, robotics, and media and combatants gas aimed at making the enemy's position untenable. With this in effect, the enemy is bound to be drawn out of their hideout and appropriate military action such as arrest or open fire taken.
In view of the suggestions presented, it is indeed a momentous time that military training be taken a notch higher. The reality of the 21st century leaves the defense forces with little choices, if any, as far as engaging terror groups in urban areas is concerned. The events in Mogadishu, where the U.S. military underperformed expectation, should serve as a revelation that the mighty of the forces does not necessarily guarantee success. Instead, intelligent…...
mlaReferences
Peters, R. (2001). Fighting for the Future: Will America Triumph? Washington, DC: Stackpole.
Leonhard, R.R. (2003). Sun Tzu's Bad Advice: Urban Warfare in the Information Age. ARMY Magazine - April 2003
Therefore, strong educational campaigns are absolutely essential in the successful execution of urban ecological advocacy programs. One of the most fundamental efforts that come from NOAA funding is that of educational campaigns. Along with sponsoring coastal cleanups, NOAA is a prime example of a government agency focusing on recycling education campaigns within Miami-Dade's most populated areas, like the area surrounding Brickell Ave. Educating the public in terms of recycling has been one of NOAA and it's affiliates' most powerful tools in implementing successful urban conservation programs. With such a large population so close to natural wonders, the Brickell Ave area needs effective educational campaigns to curb littering on beaches and in parks, as well as lightening the impact of the local trash supply in the city's landfills. NOAA allocates federal funds for this very purpose within a localized sphere, once again proving the synergetic collaboration between local advocacy groups…...
mlaReferences
City of Miami. (2010). City of Miami tree master plan. Miami Green Commission. Retrieved February 18, 2010 from http://miami-dade.ifas.ufl.edu/pdfs/disaster/Hurricane%20Preparation%20files/City%20of%20Miami%20Master%20Plan.pdf
Devuyst, Dimitri. (2001). Introduction to sustainability assessment at the local level: a human ecological perspective. How Green is the City? Sustainability Assessment and the Management of Urban Environments. New York: Columbia University Press. 1-36.
Gonzalez, George a. (2005). Urban sprawl, global warming and the limits of ecological modernization. Environmental Politics. 14(3):344-362.
Hold the Line. (2010). Supporters. UBD Line. Retrieved February 18, 2010 from http://www.udbline.com/organizations.htm
Cities are described in terms of chessboards, in which every player has a different function, from health food stores to cultural meccas, but the diversity leads to community strength. Quite sensibly, Jacobs points out that if residential areas are 'decontaminated' and cultural sites are shifted to other city areas, residents of the city will cease to frequently use these locations, the institutions' living cultural uses will decline, and tourists and museum-piece events will take over to target one-time users (168-169).
Jacobs wrote her work as a challenge to the stultifying ethos of urban planning of her day, which attempted to predict the movements of people, and create a cohesive appearance rather than to let the natural, discursive nature of urban life to work its magic. Highly regimented urban planning also isolates lower-income individuals within their own enclaves, removing them from the vibrant opportunities and enrichment of the commerce of the…...
mlaWorks Cited
Jacobs, Jane. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Vintage, 1992.
economy is in a state of recovery from the great recession. One of the key implications of this economic recovery for urban planning encompasses the decline in unemployment rate. Between 2010 and 2016, the unemployment rate has significantly declined from about 10% to the prevailing rate of 4.9% (Bureau of Labor Statistics). However, it is imperative to note that a great deal of employment opportunities are in major cities such as California, ashington, Florida, Texas and Pennsylvania. Fifty percent of new business establishments across the nation evolved in only 20 major urban counties (Florida). This implies that such urban places are bound to experience an increase in population from skilled workers. In turn, this will cripple the other areas. Considering this, there are also implications for economic policy, governmental budgets and local and state governments. In particular, the local and state governments should apportion and channel government budgets to…...
mlaWorks Cited
American Society of Landscape Architects. "Sustainable Urban Development." Retrieved from: https://www.asla.org/sustainableurbandevelopment.aspx
Badger, Emily. "Why Trump's Use of the Words 'Urban Renewal' Is Scary for Cities." The New York Times, 2016. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/07/upshot/why-trumps-use-of-the-words-urban-renewal-is-scary-for-cities.html?_r=0
Birch, Eugenie Ladner. "Radburn and the American Planning Movement the Persistence of an Idea." (1980): 424-439.
Blumenfeld, Hans. Criteria for Judging the Quality of the Urban Environment. The Canadian Architect (November, 1972).
Case Study: Historical Context of American Urban PlanningIntroductionThe American urban planning movement grew out of 19th century desire of aristocrats to improve their surroundings (Stormann, 1991). One of the earliest movements was the \\\"City Beautiful\\\" movement of the 1890s, which sought to design cities with aesthetically pleasing spaces and promote civic pride. This movement peaked in the early 20th century and left a legacy of urban parks and public monuments throughout the United States. A second influential movement was the \\\"adiant City\\\" movement, which emerged in the 1930s. This movement was founded by the Swiss-born architect Le Corbusier, who argued for a more rational approach to city planning. He proposed replacing traditional city layouts with grids of skyscrapers and parks, with more efficient transportation systems connecting them. His futuristic vision was greatly influential in the United States and Europe, but it also had its critics. Many urban planners argued that…...
mlaReferencesAudirac, I., Shermyen, A. H., & Smith, M. T. (1990). Ideal urban form and visions of the good life Florida\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s growth management dilemma. Journal of the American Planning Association, 56(4), 470-482.Blowers, A., & Pain, K. (1999). The unsustainable city. Unruly cities, 247-298.Harvey, D. (2005). Contested cities: social process and spatial form. In Transforming cities (pp. 19-27). Routledge.Hess, D. B. (2006). Transportation beautiful: did the city beautiful movement improve urban transportation?. Journal of Urban History, 32(4), 511-545.Monteiro, R., Ferreira, J. C., & Antunes, P. (2020). Green infrastructure planning principles: An integrated literature review. Land, 9(12), 525.Stelter, G. A. (2000). Rethinking the significance of the city beautiful idea. In Urban Planning in a Changing World (pp. 98-117). Routledge.Stormann, W. F. (1991). The ideology of the American urban parks and recreation movement: Past and future. Leisure Sciences, 13(2), 137-151.Wendt, M. (2009). The importance of death and life of great American cities (1961) by Jane Jacobs to the profession of urban planning. New Visions for Public Affairs, 1, 1-24.
urban and rural communities differ in the formality of their norms and the strictness with which they are enforced?
Urban and rural communities differ profoundly in the demographic composition of their population and thus in their informal social norms. The greater influx of immigrants and socially mobile communities of labor often creates greater diversity in urban communities. This diversity results in greater tolerance of different modes of life. People who are young, gay, from other countries, or are pursuing artistic careers, are more likely to live in cities and often are more willing to transgress common social norms of what constitutes an acceptable lifestyle than people living in more rural areas.
Even individuals who limit themselves to dwelling in particular ethnic enclaves, like 'Little Italy' at the beginning of the 20th century, may experience greater heterogeneity of living styles than they did when they lived in rural towns in their 'Old…...
However, the post office in a way "instead of becoming more urban, more willing to open picket-fence gates and climb front stoops," also "grows daily more and more rural in its outlook," preferring that its carriers not only drive vehicles but stay in their vehicles," and it is unheard of that a mailperson would come in for a slice of apple pie near the fire on a cold day, as might be the case may years ago (68). Information transmission is anonymous, and like everything else, takes place in enclosures of automobiles and post office boxes. The things that seem to keep us connected actually keeps us apart, like the post-orld ar II Interstate highway system, modeled on the German Autobahn made up of mazes of roads that fence in cities and housing developments as often as it links them together.
Some of Stilgoe's notes are not so much observations…...
mlaWorks Cited
Stilgoe, John. Outside Lies Magic. Walker & Co, 1999.
IntroductionHomelessness in urban areas, particularly among children, is a significant issue facing major U.S. cities. As reported in the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Developments annual homeless assessment report (2020), there were approximately 570,000 people experiencing homelessness on a single night in January 2019 in the United States. Furthermore, homelessness has recently increased nationwide, although the temporal changes in homeless rates exhibit considerable sub-national variations. For example, while homelessness has increased dramatically in cities like Los Angeles and San Francisco, known for their long-standing high rates of homelessness, cities such as Chicago have seen a general decrease in homelessness during the same period (Knowles 2019).esearch has extensively investigated the geography of homelessness. Still, most have examined the distribution of homeless populations at a large geographic level due to limited finer-grained spatial data on the locations of homeless populations (Parkinson et al. 2019). Homelessness is a spatially concentrated phenomenon within…...
mlaReferencesCampbell, D. J. T., Campbell, R. B., DiGiandomenico, A., & et al. (2021). Using a community-based participatory research approach to meaningfully engage those with lived experience of diabetes and homelessness. BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care, 9(1), e002154. A., & Parsell, C. (2019). The potential for urban surveillance to help support people who are homeless: Evidence from Cairns, Australia. Urban Studies, 56(10), 1951-1967. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018807914Feren?uhová, S., & Vašát, P. (2021). Ethnographies of urban change: Introducing homelessness and the post-socialist city. Urban Geography, 42(9), 1217-1229. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2020.1740125Giles, D. B. (2017). Neutralizing homelessness, 2015: The story to date. Urban Geography, 38(3), 332-340. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2016.1194475Hamada, R. (2020, January 10). Taking a story full circle: reporting with people, not on them. The Bureau of Investigative Journalism. https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/blog/2020-01-10/taking-a-story-full-circle Knowles, H. (2019, December 21). Homelessness in the U.S. Rose for a Third Year, Driven by a Surge in California, HUD Says. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/12/21/homelessness-us-rose-thirdyear-driven-by-surge-california-hud-says/McCarthy, L. (2020). Homeless women, material objects, and home (un)making. Housing Studies, 35(7), 1309-1333. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2019.1690742Parkinson, S., Batterham, D., Reynolds, M., & Wood, G. A. (2019). The Changing Geography of Homelessness: A Spatial Analysis From 2001 to 2016. Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute. https://www.ahuri.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0034/39481/AHURI-Final-Report-323-The-changing-geography-of-homelessness-a-spatial-analysis-from-2001-to-2016.pdfShin, E. J. (2021). Neighborhood Distribution of Unsheltered Homelessness and its Temporal Changes: Evidence from Los Angeles. Urban Affairs Review, 57(2), 541–576. https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874211004409Smith, D., & Zahniser, D. (2019, June 3). Filth from homeless camps is luring rats to L.A. City Hall, report says. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-rats-homelessness-city-hall-fleas-report-20190603-story.html U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (2020). The 2019 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress. https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2019-AHAR-Part-1.pdfhttps://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2020Clarke,
Urban Anthropology
Louis Wirth based his urbanism studies on the city of Chicago where he lived.
A his research, he has identified three definable factors for urbanism: large population, dense settlement and social diversity. A city is "a large and permanent settlement, densely inhabited by a heterogeneous population." His urbanism describes the typical Western, industrial city: dangerous, unhealthy, where, due to the largeness of the city they live in, people develop forms of alienation and anarchy and where there is no sentiment of community.
Sally Merry found that Wirth's model worked best at a macro level, where she agrees with the anonymity that people live in and the disorder. However, she is more preoccupied with people manifestations at the city's peripheries: boundaries are a source of tension for people because of the unknown, so, starting with is, she observes human behavior at the city's boundaries.
Stanley Milgram somewhat refuted Wirth arguments in stating the…...
mlaBibliography
1. PRICE AND STATUS IN VIENNA'S NASCHMARKT.
ROBERT ROTENBERG
2. www.umsl.edu/~wolfordj/courses/hc353/profnotesintro-urban.html
3. cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/macionis9 / chapter15/objectives/deluxe-content.html
1. A Comparison of Realism in the Works of Balzac and Zola: Analyzing the depiction of society and human nature in their novels.
2. The Influence of Social Class on Character Development in Balzac's and Zola's Novels: Exploring how societal structures shape the behavior and decisions of their protagonists.
3. The Portrayal of Women in Balzac and Zola: Examining the role of gender and femininity in their works and how it reflects the social norms of the time.
4. The Use of Naturalism in Zola's Works and its Contrast with Balzac's Realism: Analyzing how Zola's focus on determinism and environmental influences differs from....
Internal Migration and its Impact on Papua New Guinea's Social and Economic Dynamics
Internal migration, the movement of individuals within a country's borders, has significantly shaped Papua New Guinea's social and economic landscapes. This phenomenon has had far-reaching implications, influencing urbanization, labor markets, cultural norms, and the distribution of wealth and resources.
Urbanization and Economic Development
Migration from rural to urban centers has been a dominant trend in Papua New Guinea, driven by economic opportunities and aspirations. The capital city, Port Moresby, has witnessed a surge in population, becoming a major hub for commerce, industry, and governance. Urbanization has fostered economic development by....
Art's Transformative Influence on Societal Values and Beliefs
Art, in its multifaceted forms, serves as a potent catalyst in shaping the values and beliefs that permeate societies. It possesses the transformative power to reflect, challenge, and evolve the ethical, moral, and cultural fabric of human experience. Throughout history, art has borne witness to societal shifts and has played an integral role in fostering progress and empowering individuals and communities.
Reflecting Societal Values:
Art often mirrors the dominant values and beliefs of a particular time and place. Artists draw inspiration from their surroundings, capturing the hopes, fears, aspirations, and prejudices of their contemporaries. By....
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) have the potential to revolutionize urban mobility by utilizing advanced technologies to improve transportation efficiency, safety, and sustainability. As cities around the world face increasing challenges related to traffic congestion, air pollution, and limited infrastructure capacity, ITS offers innovative solutions to address these pressing issues. By integrating cutting-edge communication, sensor, and data processing technologies into transportation systems, ITS can enhance operational performance, optimize resource utilization, and provide real-time information to users. This essay will explore the different ways in which ITS can transform urban mobility and contribute to creating more efficient and sustainable transportation networks.
Urban....
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now