Questions: Why are there different forms of precipitation? Why would it make sense that the water cycle regulates the amount of water on earth?

Actvities: Analyze different forms of precpitation by following a drop of water through water cycle. Why is it important that some water be stored in ice or snowpacks? (See: http://www.proteacher.com/redirect.php?goto=5347)

Explanation

Focuses on a particular aspect of experience and demonstrates conceptual understanding.

Questions: Does salt water act the same way as fresh water in the water cycle?

Activity: Place appropriate terms for water cycle in visual representation, as the one from the U.S. Geological Survey. (3 stage learning technique; identification, understanding, evaluation/explanation). See: http://www.proteacher.com/redirect.php?goto=5347

Elaboration

Challenge and extend conceptual understanding and skills through new, deeper, and broader activities.

Questions: What impact has civilization had on the water cycle? Are there dangers to irrigation or transforming arid areas into agriculutural areas? What about the polar ice caps?

Activities: Using gained knowledge, chart the amount of water…...

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REFERENCES

The Water Cycle. (2009). Cited in: U.S. Geological Survey.

 http://www.proteacher.com/redirect.php?goto=5347 

Water Facts. (2011). Water.org. Cited in:

 http://water.org/learn-about-the-water-crisis/facts/

Water Cycle
Performance objectives

Understanding the water cycle

The cycle of evaporation and condensation that controls the distribution of the earth's water as it evaporates from bodies of water, condenses, precipitates, and returns to those bodies of water.

The targeted students need to posses a prior knowledge of living things and general knowledge of the earth and the earth's physical settings. During this unit the students will have the opportunity of learning new terminology, use technology, posing questions, and seeking answers.

Instructional goal:

The student should be able to not only identify but also describe the four main phases of the water cycle which include Evaporation, Condensation, and Collection and distinguish the functions played by each phase.

The student will be able to recognize the relationship that the water cycle and weather have.

Students will have a discussion covering the effect of human on the environment (or weather) both locally and globally relating it to the water cycle…...

This detailed lesson plan on the water cycle is designed to engage 5th-grade students through a combination of direct instruction, interactive activities, and hands-on experiments. The 60-minute lesson aims to deepen students' understanding of the water cycle's stages—evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection—while highlighting the importance of this natural process in our environment.
The lesson begins with an engaging introduction, where students share their prior knowledge and watch a short video clip on the water cycle, sparking curiosity and setting the stage for learning. The direct instruction phase involves a detailed explanation of each stage using a water cycle diagram handout, coupled with a review of key vocabulary terms. This ensures that students not only visualize but also articulate the processes involved.

Interactive guided practice follows, where students actively participate by labeling a large water cycle diagram on the board, reinforcing their understanding through collaborative learning. This is complemented by a class discussion…...

Water Cycle Lesson Plan


Title: The Wonders of the Water Cycle
Grade Level: 5th Grade
Duration: 60 minutes
Subject: Science

Objective:

Students will be able to identify and explain the stages of the water cycle. They will demonstrate their understanding by creating a water cycle diagram and participating in a simulation activity.


Materials:

Whiteboard and markers
Diagram of the water cycle
Construction paper
Cotton balls
Glue
Water spray bottles
Lamps or other heat sources
Ice cubes
Sealable plastic bags
"The Magic School Bus Wet All Over" book (Cole & Degen, 1995) or video


Anticipatory Set:

Begin the lesson by asking students what they know about water and where it comes from. Listen to their responses, which will likely touch on rain and drinking water. Transition to explaining that water goes through a process called the water cycle, which is vital to our planet (Adams, 2003).


Direct Instruction:

Using a whiteboard, introduce the vocabulary related to the water cycle: evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection. With the aid of the water cycle diagram,…...

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References

Adams, T. (2003). Teaching the water cycle effectively. Elementary Science Methods.

Brookhart, S. M. (2008). How to give effective feedback to your students. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.

Castagno, A. E., & Brayboy, B. M. J. (2008). Culturally responsive schooling for indigenous youth: A review of the literature. Review of Educational Research, 78(4), 941-993.

Miller, K. R., & Levine, J. S. (1998). Exploring the water cycle: Investigation and questions for elementary students. Issues in educational research, 8(2), 101-113.

The Leblanc alkali production processes were especially pernicious, but they followed along the lines of previous industrial processes. In other words, the first British environmental legislation was a response not so much to a qualitative change in industrial processes and their environmental impact but more to a quantitative increase in sources of pollution that had up to that point been (if only barely) tolerable.
Legislation Arising From Public Anger

At the center of the first British environmental legislation was the Leblanc process, an industrial process that produced of soda ash (which is chemically sodium carbonate) that came into use in the first decades of the 19th century. Named after its inventor, Nicolas Leblanc, it replaced an older process in which soda ash had been produced from wood ash. However, as the availability of wood ash declined (because of deforestation, a process that was occuring both in Great Britain and across Europe…...

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Resources Act (WRA) of 1991. This act "establishes the duties of the Environment Agency (EA) on flood defence and other areas relating to water management and quality."

"The EA has discretionary powers to improve and maintain river conditions. This means that the EA is not obliged to construct or maintain such works. In practice, the EA will only proceed with schemes that are not only beneficial but cost-effective.

"The Act also grants the EA powers to issue flood warnings and regulate what can be discharged into rivers, estuaries, coastal waters, lakes and groundwaters."

Canadian law on flooding is similarly divided between common law and statutory law.

First Nations

With this information, people can make informed decisions regarding the water they consume. Which additives are healthful? Which are not? These are examples of only some of the questions responsible consumers should have when choosing their water. Regarding the use of plastics, the solution is simple. By simply changing their habits from plastic water bottles to stainless steel or any of the other alternatives, not only is the consumer choosing something that supports of the well-being of the planet, but also supports the well-being of themselves.
This is merely one solution of many meant to work towards a more sustainable lifestyle across the globe. That the consumption of water increased so quickly, all over the world, signifies the impact of advertising on consumer choices. This can be a reason for hope, since just as quickly the use of stainless steel water bottles and clean water can be brought into individual…...

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7. Fluoride Action Network, Health Effects, ( http://www.fluoridealert.org/health ...)

8. Fluoridation/Flouride, Toxic Chemicals in Your Water, ( http://www.holisticmed.com/fluoride/ )

9. Worth Health Organization, Water Related Diseases, ( http://www.who.int/water_sanitation ...)

Water Awareness and Education for Sustainable Watershed Management
Today, the human society continuously deals with the issue of limited resources, as compared to an extensively growing amount of needs. Among these limited resources, water is vital, not only because mankind cannot survive without it, but also because it is essential to producing so many other secondary items, including food and clothing. At the same time, water and watersheds are an essential part of the environment, home to numerous species of animals and plants. Conservationism and environmental protection has a definite impact on the existence and evolution of mankind as well.

With that in mind, this project proposal will focus on identifying a set of solutions that the inhabitants in the Medina River Watershed (exar & Medina County TX) can use to address water pollution in this area, as well as the means by which water conservation can be consolidated and promoted as…...

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Bibliography

1. Engel, F.L. (n.d.) Geomorphic Classification of the Lower San Antonio River, Texas. Texas Water Development Board. Project 0604830637. Retrieved on July 12, 2011 from website http://www.twdb.state.tx.us/RWPG/rpgm_rpts/0604830637_LowerSanAntonioRiver.pdf

2. HDR Engineering [HDR] (2000, December). The Edwards Aquifer Watershed Brush Control Planning Assessment & Feasibility Study. Texas State Soil & Water Conservation Board. Retrieved on July 12, 2011 from website http://www.nueces-ra.org/II/brush/

3. Moore, E.A., & Koontz, T.M. (2003). Research Note A Typology of Collaborative Watershed Groups: Citizen-Based, Agency-Based, and Mixed Partnerships. Society & Natural Resources, 16(5), 451. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

4. O'Neill, K.M. (2005). Can Watershed Management Unite Town and Country? Society & Natural Resources, 18(3), 241-253. doi:10.1080/08941920590908097

Water Crisis in the Middle East
What is the Six Day War, and what are the various events that led to the War? What is the background of the War, and what were its consequences? The Six Day War took place in the month of June 1967. The crisis had actually begun in the early months of 1965, when the PLO, through Fatah, led a campaign of attacks on the borders along Jordan and Lebanon. This campaign was severely criticized and opposed by not only the people of the country but also by the Arab Government, and this led to the Fatah attempting to adopt a totally new strategy that came to be known as the 'entanglement theory'. According to this strategy, Israel would be forced to adopt an 'offensive' position with the technique of 'sabotage', and this meant that the Arabs would become more wary and would in turn be…...

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Bibliography

Anita Roddick, Dame. Troubled Water - Saints, Sinners, truth & Lies about the Global Water Crisis. 1 October, 2004. Retrieved From

  Accessed on 21 February, 2005http://www.ecademy.com/node.php?id=31940 

Grunfeld, Lilac. Jordan River Dispute. ICE Case Studies, Case number 6. Spring 1997. Retrieved From   Accessed on 21 February, 2005http://www.american.edu/TED/ice/jordan.htm 

Israel 1948 to 1967, the Six-Day War Background. Retrieved From

While on one hand, the Nile gets the highest discharge from rainfall on the highlands of Ethiopia and upland plateau of East Africa, located well outside the Middle East region; on the other hand, discharge points of the other two rivers, Euphrates and Tigris, are positioned well within the Middle East region, prevailing mostly in Turkey, Syria along with Iraq. In other areas, recurrent river systems are restricted to the more northern upland areas of Iran and Turkey, in common with the coastline of Levant (Peter eaumont, Gerald H. lake, J. And Malcolm Wagstaff, 1988).
The conflict in the Future

It is widely believed by many experts that those who control the waters in the Middle East; control the Middle East; and those who control the Middle East; control the oil supply of the world (David M. Hummel, 1995). From the above mentioned facts it is clear that the water resources…...

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Bibliography

Anthony H. Cordesman. Peace is Not Enough: The Arab-Israeli Economic and Demographic Crises. Part Two. Population Growth, Fertility and Population Doubling Rates, Regional Trends, National Trends, and the "Youth Explosion" Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1998.

Adel Darwish. Troubled waters in rivers of blood. Water Issues. 3 December 1992. http://www.mideastnews.com/water004.html

Adel Darwish. Inadequacy of international law. Taken at http://www.mideastnews.com/WaterWars.htm

Ashok Swain. A new challenge: water scarcity in the Arab world. Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ). January, 1998.

Water in Sub-Saharan Africa is of special interest because of my background but water is a fascinating issue in general, one that I think will play an increasingly large role in the 21st century, as the effects of population growth and climate change bring about significant changes to our water usage and availability. A lack of water in particular has a substantial destabilizing effect.
Water as a social issue combines a lot of different elements. As an issue, water sits at the intersection of social justice, politics, economics and agriculture are all areas weather. This is probably because water is so essential to human life. We drink it, we use in for domestic purposes, agricultural, industrial, transportation. Yet clean water is not always easy to come by. Some feel that access to clean water is a human right. So there is a significant importance attached to water in most parts of…...

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References

Acerman, M. & Hollis, G. (1996). Water management and wetlands in sub-Saharan Africa. IUCN: Switzerland.

Bayliss, K. & Fine, B. (2007). Privatization and alternative public sector reform in sub-Saharan Africa: Delivering on electricity and water. Palgrave MacMillan.

Bojo, J. (1996). The costs of land degradation in sub-Saharan Africa. Ecological Economics. Vol. 16 (2) 161-173.

Conway, D., Persechino, A., Ardoin, S., Hamandawana, H., Dieulin, C. & Mahe, G. (2008). Rainfall and water resources variability in sub-Saharan Africa during the 20th century. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research Retrieved April 18, 2014 from  http://tyndall.ac.uk/sites/default/files/wp119.pdf

This makes the issue a complex one without a clear answer; carbon dioxide is preferable to other potential byproducts of fossil fuel combustion due to the ease with which it can be trapped and its relative innocuousness in these sinks, but undesirable due to its volume and the lack of current capabilities to provide adequate sinks.
7) While it is understandable that the EPA would desire to increase public safety by revising standards for ground level ozone production and concentration, in reality this move is not entirely necessary. As business owners and operators, you know all too well the incessant environmental regulation can create significant operational difficulties and reduce if to eliminate profitability, often with no effect on environmental risks or damage. The EPA itself has found that ground-level ozone quickly dissipates and presents a minimal danger to health if properly vented and dispersed, yet they are revising regulations as…...

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References

Clegg, S. & Abbatt, J. (2001). Oxidation of SO2 by H2O2 on ice surfaces at 228 K: a sink for SO2 in ice clouds. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 1:77-92.

EPA. (2011). Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks. Washington, DC.

Garrison, T. (2004). Oceanography. New York: Thomson Brooks.

Gray Water System
As the world's population continues to grow, there will be an ever greater need for potable or purified water. Most people are completely unaware of just how big the problem of world water consumption is because they never think past turning on their sink or sprinkler system. Take into consideration the demands on the water supply by less obvious factors such as livestock and farming. There is an economy of scale: those massive agricultural irrigation systems that suck water out of rivers, lakes, streams and ponds consume hefty amounts of water that cannot then be used for any other purpose. Farms, cities, industry and the many other levels of human consumption place a great deal of pressure on Mother Nature. Globalization has actually increased the demand for water and has strained many regionally dry areas into even worse water deficits. For example, "industries and communities located in cold…...

Both, ironically, are forms of pressure that also cause heat and changes. Water for instance, is so abundant on earth that it drives much of weathering and erosion. Precipitation, acidic soil water and groundwater dissolve mineral and rocks; serpentinization from heated seawater causes destruction of volcanic rock or changes in other seabed rocks; and the presence of water and carbon dioxide change rock as well. This is the manner in which the carbon and water cycle continually interact to change rock.
Plate tectonics, on the other hand, show that there are large scale motions within the earth that move, converge, and drive materials from deep inside the earth towards the surface and vice versa. Zones within the 8 or 9 major plates (subduction zones) form slabs of crust that become embedded and then if pressured enough with heat and more pressure, contribute to the evolution of rock. In addition, one…...

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References

All About Plate Tectonics. (2010). Enchanted Learning. Cited in:

 http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/earth/Continents.shtml 

Rocks and the Rock Cycle. (2011). Windows to the Universe. Cited in:

 http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/geology/rocks_intro.html

Thiamine MetabolismThiamine is a water-soluble vitamin, Vitamin B1, and serves as a cofactor for enzymes with Mitochondrial localization. Since it is not endogenously synthesized, the available dietary sources of thiamine are beef, poultry, nuts, cereals, and nuts. It plays a critical function in oxidative and nonoxidative carbohydrate metabolism in the energy transformation process. Other functions of thiamine are the antioxidation effect on neurotrophins, which oppresses oxidative stress-induced activation that plays a critical role in activating the immune system, signaling and maintenance in cells, and cell uptake mechanisms.1 Intestinal enzyme phosphate Hydrolyzes thiamine into a free form absorbed in the small intestines. The Phosphorylated is stored in the heart, kidneys, brain, and liver. Thiamine has a half-life of 1 to 12 hours and can be stored in the body between 14 to 18 days. Consequently, regular dietary intake is necessary to avoid the development of a deficiency.The recommended thiamine intake differs…...

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References1. Dhir S, Tarasenko M, Napoli E, Giulivi C. Neurological, Psychiatric, and Biochemical Aspects of Thiamine Deficiency in Children and Adults. Front Psychiatry. 2019;10. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.002072. Pacei F, Tesone A, Laudi N et al. The Relevance of Thiamine Evaluation in a Practical Setting. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2810. doi:10.3390/nu120928103. Gochhayat G, Malik A, Kumar M, Bhatt S, Saini V. Thiamine: A Key Role In Human Health. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research. 2019;8(9). Accessed January 20, 2022.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336487060_Thiamine_A_Key_Role_In_Human_Health.

Rachel Carson, she asserts that water is our most precious natural resource and goes on to state that "most of the earth's abundant water is not usable for agriculture, industry, or human consumption because of its heavy load of sea salts" (1) and therefore "in the midst of this plenty we are in want" (1).
Okay, so let's examine this particular argument; first she says that the earth's abundant water is not usable for consumption etc., due to the fact that the water contains a heavy load of sea salts. Really? Rachel offers no facts and no figures to back up her assertion, instead she implies that we are desperately in need of drinking water because most of the water is so heavily sedated with salt that it is undrinkable.

Even assuming that her assertion was true, the logical answer to the dilemma is that the water would have to be…...

Deforestation in California: A Complex and Thought-Provoking Crisis

Introduction:

Deforestation, the removal of trees from forests, has emerged as a formidable environmental challenge in California. Driven by various factors, including urban expansion, agriculture, and wildfires, deforestation has significant ecological, social, and economic implications. This essay delves into the complexities of deforestation in California, exploring its causes, consequences, and potential solutions.

Causes of Deforestation:

Urban Expansion: California's burgeoning population has led to increased urbanization, resulting in the conversion of forest land into residential and commercial developments.
Agriculture: Agriculture accounts for a substantial portion of deforestation in California, particularly for the cultivation of crops like....

Deforestation: Impacts, Causes, and Sustainable Solutions

Deforestation, the clearing of forests for other uses, is a global issue with far-reaching environmental, social, and economic consequences. Crafting an essay on this topic requires a comprehensive understanding of the causes, impacts, and potential solutions. This guide provides a roadmap to develop thoughtful and engaging essay topics that explore the multifaceted dimensions of deforestation.

Impacts of Deforestation

1. Climate Change: Forests act as carbon sinks, absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. Deforestation disrupts this process, releasing stored carbon into the atmosphere and contributing to climate change.
2. Biodiversity Loss: Forests are home to a vast array of....

I. Introduction
A. Definition of deforestation
B. Importance of the topic
C. Thesis statement: Deforestation has numerous detrimental effects on the environment, wildlife, and climate change, making it a crucial issue that requires immediate attention.

II. Causes of Deforestation
A. Agricultural activities
1. Clearing land for farming and livestock
2. Expansion of commercial agriculture
B. Logging and wood industries
C. Urbanization and infrastructure development
D. Forest fires and natural disasters

III. Environmental Consequences of Deforestation
A. Loss of biodiversity
1. Extinction of species
2. Disruption of ecosystems
B. Soil degradation
1. Increased erosion
2. Decreased fertility
C. Alteration of water cycles
1.....

Causes of Deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest:

1. Cattle Ranching:
Vast areas of the Amazon are cleared for cattle grazing, accounting for approximately 80% of deforestation.
Cattle ranching provides economic benefits to local communities and supports the global demand for meat.

2. Soybean Cultivation:
Soybean plantations are established on deforested land to meet the growing demand for animal feed and vegetable oils.
Soybeans are primarily exported to China and Europe.

3. Logging:
Valuable timber species, such as mahogany and rosewood, are illegally logged for export.
Logging contributes to forest degradation and loss of biodiversity.

4. Mining:
Industrial mining for gold, copper, and other minerals....