¶ … functions of the International Monetary system, a few significant institutions which deal with foreign currency as well as conclude on which system of exchange rates is more useful in the corporate world.
History of the International Monetary System:
In the start of the economical world, people were commonly in the habit of using the barter system to purchase goods that were in need. With time though, the system of trading gold and silver coins started to evolve. Around the 19th century, officially, countries started issuing themselves a basic currency. This marked as the beginning of the modern day monetary system of trade.
In the Pre-World War era, money unions evolved which enabled people of different countries to easily exchange currencies. In this period of time, there was a low level of financial crisis and economies were growing steadily. However, with the World War going on, global trade and the flow of capital internationally fell significantly. To control the situation, countries had to fluctuate their interest rates. After the war came the time of the Great Depression where the U.S. And thereby the rest of the global market faced a major financial crisis which needed to be rectified. For this, a Bretten Woods Conference was held where countries agreed to a system of fixed and adjustable rates of currencies, pegged to the dollar. The dollar was convertible to gold. This system remained for about 25 years until it was abandoned and the Smithsonian Agreement was made to enable exchange rates of currencies to float and the method of converting dollars to gold was suspended. (Eichengreen, 2008)
Function of the International Monetary...
In this system, either a currency can be allotted a fixed rate that can be adjusted and maintained through rates of interests, or they are allowed to float and find their own rate by shifts in demand and supply of exports and imports by a country.
Purpose of the International Monetary Fund:
The international monetary fund works to give advice to policy makers and financial managers of countries so that they may attain their macroeconomic goals.
Its main purpose at the moment is to oversee the global economical affairs and policies. It first looks at the effects of policies and ways on a country itself and then, in the long-term, the effect of that country's policies on the rest of the global economy. It also has initiated a system through which member countries release data regarding their economic activities etcetera, so that needs and improvements can statistically be fulfilled.
Alongside this, the IMF also offers a loan giving system; however, it gives conditions to eligibility for the loan which includes policy reformation to correct macroeconomic policies. (Wood, 2005)
Purpose of the World Bank:
The World Bank is also a financial institute and mainly specializes in providing loans to developing countries that are in need of financial assistance to improve their capital assets, i.e. infrastructure. The main goal that the World Bank has is the reduction of global…
