While an individual can sue or make a claim that his or her benefits were illegally denied, the "decision of the plan administrator may often be reversed only if it was found to have been arbitrary and capricious, a very difficult standard to meet. Even if that is proven, ERISA limits damages… [ensuring] the HMO will not be punished" in a substantive fashion (ERISA, 2004, HARP). However, some state courts,

For instance, a decline in peripheral vision may impact the ability to pass approaching vehicles safely, and the decreased range of motion in an older person's neck may impair the ability to look behind when backing up. Also, reaction time decreases by almost 40% on average from age 35 to 65 (Jackson, 1999). It also appears that the aging process may affect cognitive skills. Short-term memory loss, for instance, can

Health Care Reforms Healthcare reform has been a national issue for some time and the ability to afford citizens the opportunity to adequate healthcare services is an interesting debate with many ideas and arguments both for and against the practice. To help understand the finer meanings of what health care reform laws can impact on a region it is necessary to examine the impact of such reforms on a selection

Conclusions - by the very nature of culture and humanity, humans tend to be group animals -- they thrive in groups, coalesce into groups, indeed, the very process of moving from hunter-gatherer to cities was part of a group behavior. Group norms are internal rulings that are followed by individuals so that the synergistic effect of the group will be more efficient. These values usually focus on the way members

Humana Order Humana's Corporate Finance Analysis In 1992, David Jones, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Humana Inc. considered a major change within its integrated strategy of managing both hospitals and health plans because Jones thought about whether it still made sense for the company to jointly operate both hospitals and health plans, considering emerging trends within the healthcare industry within the United States. However, the Chairman/CEO felt there was more

" (National Conference of State Legislatures Forum for State Health Policy Leadership, 2007). However, regardless of state, the applicants have to meet certain qualifications. First, applicants have to be both uninsured and not eligible for Medicaid for other forms of state sponsored insurance. In addition, not all S-CHIP recipients have to be children; states can get waivers to use S-CHIP funds to cover adults. These other recipients are generally adults