Some examples of these include Theophylline. These types of agents work similarly to bronchodilators which open the airway passage, in part by relaxing the bronchial or smooth muscles in the air passage ways. They also help promote greater circulation and engage the central nervous system so it can more actively work to provide oxygen throughout the body. Because these medications may result in increased cardio activity, most doctors recommend patients with a history of cardiovascular problems use them with caution, or not at all.
Montelukast
Singulair or Montelukast and Accolate or Zafirlukast are agents that like the Methylxanthines act on receptors in the air passageways of humans called the "leukotrien receptors" especially D4 and E4. These receptors are responsible for what is known as an anaphylactic reaction in the body, where they immune system hyper or overreacts to a stimulus and may result in a life threatening allergic reaction where the lungs and airways tighten up. These drugs can be taken orally to help relieve asthma and other symptoms including respiratory problems resulting from colds and allergies affecting the chest.
Mucolytic Drugs
These drugs are commonly known as expectorants and help induce coughing so a patient can remove and eject mucous and other undesirable excretions from the bronchial or air passageways and the lungs. One example of this type of drugs is Acetylcystaine and another is guaifenesin, often found in over-the-counter cough medications.
Table 1.1
Respiratory Drugs and Their Uses
Bronchodilator Drugs
Mucolytic Drugs
Methylxanthines Category
Anticholinergic Drugs
Dilutents
Help promote bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and contraction
Act as expectorants which help encourage coughing to release mucous from the throat and lungs
Works to convert theophylline, an active ingredient.
Helps produce local dilation of the bronchial airway.
Over-the-counter or home remedies with few side effects
Are useful for reducing excessive secretions of mucous
Some available over-the-counter
Most respiratory drugs work to relieve mucous build up or prevent it. Some promote coughing to clear irritants including pet dander from the respiratory tract, and others suppress coughing because they work to clear symptoms rather than treat the disease. Many drugs created for chronic respiratory problems help dilate the bronchial passageways so an individual can breathe better. The same drugs traditionally work to smooth bronchial muscle which will help increase the amount of mucous secreted. Spasms of the bronchial muscles would result in overproduction of mucous and acute respiratory infection or disease.
References
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Respiratory Agents
