¶ … DECISION -- S & MARPER vs. UNITED KINGDOM
The cases of S & Marper v United Kingdom involved the claims of two individuals that their rights had been violated by the retention of their fingerprints and identifying DNA material by police after their exoneration from the criminal charges against them. The bases of their claim was that: (1) Section 1 of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) guarantees that "Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence" and that Section 2 of Article 8 prohibits any "interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right except such as is in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well-being of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others."; and that (2) Article 14 of the ECHR guarantees the "enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in this Convention" against discrimination by virtue of "any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status."
The Court rejected the claim of discrimination under Article 14 but found in favor of the applicants on their Article 8-based claim and awarded damages. I am inclined to disagree with the ruling of the Court in this case. First, it is clear that the actions of the state should have been authorized by Section 2 of Article 8. Second, while I would also have rejected the Article 14 claim, the Article 14-based argument against discrimination is potentially stronger than the Article 8 claim.
The Article 8 Claim -- Right to Respect for Private and Family Life
The applicants argued that the fingerprints and DNA material retained by law enforcement authorities contain highly personal, private, and potentially sensitive information about them. Likewise, by virtue of the nature of DNA technology, the retention of their personal information also necessarily means that the personal information of their relatives is also at issue. According to the applicants, the continued retention of their identifying information after their acquittal from the charges upon which their arrest...
The Court gave excessive weight to that Section 1-based Article 8 argument while giving insufficient weight to the response of the government. Specifically, the government cited Section 2 of Article 8 that provides a broad and logical exemption from the obligation to comply with Section 1 when doing so is "in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well-being of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others."
Meanwhile, the evidence was collected precisely in the manner foreseen by Article 8 Section 2 and, therefore, should have exempted the government authorities involved from liability to the applicants. Perhaps more importantly, Article 8 Section 2 should also have permitted the government authorities to retain the evidence indefinitely.
Rationale for Disagreement with the Court's Article 8 Ruling
The issue of respecting the private and family life (and the home and correspondence) of a person would rightfully be characterized as having been infringed upon where government agents intruded into the home to demand unwarranted compliance with collection procedures, or entered into the home surreptitiously, or confronted an individual not charged with a crime to demand identifying information such as fingerprints or DNA material. However, it is incomprehensible that the mere retention of properly-collected evidence of this type could subject the authorities involved to liability or that they would be forced to destroy that evidence.
Contrary to the claims of the applicants, the…
