Activity-Based Costing and AIS
Activity-Based Costing (ABC) is an accounting method that identifies the activities a company carries out and then assigns indirect costs (overhead) to products.
Activity-based costing shows the relationships between the activities, the costs, and the products, and correctly associates the lion's share of the resources used with the actual production or provision of services.
The recognition of these relationships enables the indirect costs to be assigned to products in a more rational, less arbitrary manner than traditional methods that would allocate a broad percentage of costs to products without any true measure of the accuracy of the approach.
By using activity-based costing, a company can treat more indirect costs as direct costs. This is important because some products or services consume more indirect costs than do other products or services.
In effect, the activity-based costing enables an accountant to trace the resource consumption and costs, which are mapped to the final outputs of a business. The mapping occurs in this manner:
Resources are assigned to activities.
Activities are assigned to cost objects based on estimates of the consumption.
Cost drivers are used to associate the activity costs of the outputs.
In his book, Management Challenges of the 21st Century, Peter Drucker clarified the primary distinction between activity-based accounting and traditional cost accounting. Thinking about indirect costs as a pool from which each activity draws a certain amount, it is apparent that traditional cost accounting hones in on the cost of actually doing something -- some definable activity. But activity-based accounting also shows the cost of not doing anything, for instance when production is held up and workers are just waiting around because a vendor has not provided a necessary part. Because of this capability, activity-based accounting is a definite improvement over traditional accounting.
Accounting Information System (AIS)
An accounting information system...
stem is a structure used by a business to collect, store, process, manage, retrieve and report its financial data.
The accounting information software applications are used to track activity using information technology resources.
The accounting information systems consists of these elements:
A system for the collection and storage of data
An application that processes financial and accounting data
Output in the form of statistical analyzed data
A means of accessing the processed data by so that it can be used by both internal and external stakeholders, such as accountants, auditors, business analysts, managers, chief financial officers (CFOs), consultants, and regulatory and tax agencies,
These functions are supported by hardware, devices, and system that enable the operation of the accounting information system.
Model Base Management
Security measures and a system of internal controls that are implemented to safeguard the data.
Sophisticated accounting information systems are sold by large software development companies, such as Microsoft, Oracle, Sage Group, and SAP.
These prebuilt software accounting packages can be fully customized to meet the business processes of an organization.
Large centralized systems referred to as enterprise resource planning (ERP) have provided improved connectivity and consolidation of the other business systems.
The primary catalyst for the development of enterprise resource planning was the need to cobble together interfaces to connect the various business system functions that had developed on separate trajectories.
Current versions of accounting information systems are fully integrated into the greater whole of enterprise resource planning, the components of which are a suite of handshaking applications for human resources, manufacturing, sales, and supply chain.
Technological advances have enabled accounting information systems to acquire a usefulness far beyond pure financial or managerial accounting.…
