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Do not use staples." (National Institute of Justice, 2007)
V. Future of CODIS
The work entitled: "Communication, Documentation and Information Services" states that in the future CODIS will "continue to place a major emphasis on upgrading technology in all areas of its responsibility." (Vest of Research, nd) in a National Institute of Justice report entitled: "The Future of Forensic DNA Testing: Predictions of the Research and Development Working Group" published in November 2000 states that "technology projections for 2010" include transition to new technologies to supplement what is already in place.
The National Institute of Justice report predicts that by 2010 there will be miniature, portable instruments that can be used at the scene of the crime for analysis and be capable of computer linked remote analysis allowing for rapid identification of suspects and quick elimination of innocent suspects. (NIJ, 2000) Predicted as well that that the techniques used in handling DNA that is very small or that has suffered degradation will be refined. Finally, the National Institute of Justice predicts that more and more suspects will be identified through database searches in the future.
Bibliography
Combined DNA Index System CODIS (nd) Fast Facts from the DPS. Online available at http://www.txdps.state.tx.us/director_staff/public_information/Fast_facts/Codis.pdf
CODIS (2007) SAIC. Online available at http://www.saic.com/justice/codis.html
Lessons Learned From 9/11: DNA Identification in Mass Fatality Incidents. (2007) President's DNA Initiatives. Online available at http://www.dna.gov/uses/mass_fatalities/
Using DNA and Other Resources to Identify Missing Persons (2007) President's DNA Initiative Online available at http://www.dna.gov/uses/m_person/.
Langan, P.A., and...
Levin, Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 1994, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2002 (NCJ 193427): 1, 8; Crime in the United States 2002: 221, 223. Burglary had the lowest clearance rate of any Index crime. (Violent crimes are often more rigorously investigated, which explains why their clearance rate is higher than for property crimes.)
Chaiken, J.M. And M.R. Chaiken, Varieties of Criminal Behavior, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice, 1982 (NCJ 87680): 44.
Solving Property Crimes (2007) President's DNA Initiative. Online available at http://www.dna.gov/uses/property_crimes/
DNA and Wildlife Forensics (2007) President's DNA Initiative. Online available at http://www.dna.gov/uses/wildlife/
Matching and Statistics Software (2007) President's DNA Initiative. Online available at http://massfatality.dna.gov/Chapter9/MatchingAndStatistics/.
Cheng, Andy; Garofalo, Mike; Keung, Jon, Li, Bo, Nguyen, and Wharton, Jeff (2007) DNA Forensics. Online available at; http://www.biochem.umd.edu/biochem/kahn/bchm465-06/forensics2.ppt.
What Every Law Enforcement Officer Should Know About DNA Evidence - CODIS (2007) National Institute of Justice Report Online available at http://www.ncjrs.gov/nij/DNAbro/comb.html.
Communication, Documentation and Information Services (nd) Vest of Research. Online available at http://www.icarda.org/Publications/HarvestofResearch/CODIS.pdf.
Niezgoda, S.J., Jr. And Brown, B. (nd)the FBI Laboratory's Combined DNA Index System Program. Promega. Online available at http://www.promega.com/geneticidproc/ussymp6proc/niezgod.htm
The Future of Forensic DNA Testing: Predictions of the Research and Development Working Group (2000) National Institute of Justice. November 2000.
Bibliography
Combined DNA Index System CODIS (nd) Fast Facts from the DPS. Online available at http://www.txdps.state.tx.us/director_staff/public_information/Fast_facts/Codis.pdf
CODIS (2007) SAIC. Online available at http://www.saic.com/justice/codis.html
Lessons Learned From 9/11: DNA Identification in Mass Fatality Incidents. (2007) President's DNA Initiatives. Online available at http://www.dna.gov/uses/mass_fatalities/
Using DNA and Other Resources to Identify Missing Persons (2007) President's DNA Initiative Online available at http://www.dna.gov/uses/m_person/.
Solving Property Crimes (2007) President's DNA Initiative. Online available at http://www.dna.gov/uses/property_crimes/
DNA and Wildlife Forensics (2007) President's DNA Initiative. Online available at http://www.dna.gov/uses/wildlife/
Matching and Statistics Software (2007) President's DNA Initiative. Online available at http://massfatality.dna.gov/Chapter9/MatchingAndStatistics/.
Cheng, Andy; Garofalo, Mike; Keung, Jon, Li, Bo, Nguyen, and Wharton, Jeff (2007) DNA Forensics. Online available at; http://www.biochem.umd.edu/biochem/kahn/bchm465-06/forensics2.ppt.
What Every Law Enforcement Officer Should Know About DNA Evidence - CODIS (2007) National Institute of Justice Report Online available at http://www.ncjrs.gov/nij/DNAbro/comb.html.
Communication, Documentation and Information Services (nd) Vest of Research. Online available at http://www.icarda.org/Publications/HarvestofResearch/CODIS.pdf.
Niezgoda, S.J., Jr. And Brown, B. (nd)the FBI Laboratory's Combined DNA Index System Program. Promega. Online available at http://www.promega.com/geneticidproc/ussymp6proc/niezgod.htm
DNA technology and how it has impacted the American criminal justice system. The research was conducted utilizing secondary resources, such as testimonies from DNA experts and published resources. It was discovered that, despite challenges faced by the technology, DNA has positively affected the criminal justice system by allowing for the successful capture and prosecution of criminals, as well as exonerating those who were wrongly imprisoned. PREFACE STATEMENT Overview of DNA DNA as
Filtration-Based DNA Preparation for Sexual Assault Cases. Journal of Forensic Science 9/2003 Vol.48, No. The precision of DNA technology allows law enforcement authorities to definitively identify perpetrators of sexual assaults from microscopic amounts of their DNA collected from victims using a cotton swab. It has enabled the FBI to establish the Combined DNA Index System ("CODIS"), a nationwide DNA data bank and identification system modeled in principle, after the AFIS automatic fingerprint
DNA in Criminal Cases - Solving Cold Cases in California with Forensic Science This research will attempt to analyze and discuss the feasibility of DNA testing in solving cold cases and will study the impact that DNA fingerprinting has had on the forensic science community as a whole. DNA is generally used to solve crimes in one of two ways. In cases where a suspect is identified, a sample of that person's
DNA Technology in Law and Public Policy The technologies of DNA science have revolutionized modern criminal law in every respect, from crime scene processing and case investigation to prosecutorial strategy and post-conviction appeals. The lightning speed of progress in the DNA sciences represents a public policy challenge to optimize its evidentiary value without violating established principles of constitutional protections, criminal procedure and statutory rules of evidence. Ultimately, projected developments in DNA
Callier, John Huss, and Eric T. Juengst make excellent points about the inherent intrusion into privacy and the lack of logical nexus between the act and its subjects, to wit, randomly screening the criminal background of every college faculty. By contrast, the Akron case should accentuate the close relationship between the objective of having convicted criminals become part of the DNA database for use when attempting solve subsequent crimes
CODIS links together local, State, and Federal DNA databases to one another, allowing law enforcement to compare crime scene and perpetrator information not only on a local level, but on a national level (FBI, 2000). Since many criminal activities are done by repeat offenders, this can assist law enforcement in determining possible suspects, even if those suspects live in States other than their own (NIJ, 2002). While useful tools, these databases