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Although the movement is generally dated from the early 16th century during Luther's era of defying Church authority, the conditions that led to this revolution actually existed for hundreds of years and involved complex doctrinal, political, economic, and cultural elements (Reformation pp).
The German scholar and religious reformer Melanchthon authored a conciliatory statement of the Lutheran tenets in 1530, known as the Augsburg Confession, which were submitted to Emperor Charles V as well as to the Roman Catholic faction (Reformation pp). And although it failed to heal the differences between Roman Catholics and Lutherans, it remained the basis of the new Lutheran church and creed (Reformation pp).
Charles V was prevented for using military force against the Lutherans because he was busily involved in a series of wars with France and the Ottoman Empires, however in 1546 with aid from Duke Maurice of Saxony and in alliance with the pope, he made war against the Schmalkaldic League, a defensive association of the Protestant princes (Reformation pp). Although successful at first, Duke Maurice eventually allied himself with the Protestants, and Charles V was forced to make peace (Reformation pp). The religious civil war ended with the religious Peace of Augsburg in 1555, the terms of which provided that each ruler of the German...
By this time, Lutheranism was the religion of approximately half the population of Germany, thus it had finally gained official recognition and the ancient concept of the religious unity of one single Christian community in Western Europe under the one supreme authority, the pope, was destroyed (Reformation pp).
The Reformation not only changed the complexion of Europe, it forever changed Christianity across the globe.
Works Cited
Audi, Jean M.V. (1992 January 01). Luther Begins The Reformation In Germany. History of the World. Retrieved October 31, 2005 from HighBeam Research Library Web site.
History of the Reformation. Retrieved October 31, 2005 at http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad03
Coastline, Julius. (1992 January 01). Luther Begins The Reformation In Germany:
Part I. History of the World. Retrieved October 31, 2005 from HighBeam Research Library Web site.
Luther at the Diet of Worms. Retrieved October 31, 2005 at http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/lutheranism/68869
Reformation. Retrieved October 31, 2005 at http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562628/Reformation.html
Works Cited
Audi, Jean M.V. (1992 January 01). Luther Begins The Reformation In Germany. History of the World. Retrieved October 31, 2005 from HighBeam Research Library Web site.
History of the Reformation. Retrieved October 31, 2005 at http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad03
Coastline, Julius. (1992 January 01). Luther Begins The Reformation In Germany:
Part I. History of the World. Retrieved October 31, 2005 from HighBeam Research Library Web site.
Luther at the Diet of Worms. Retrieved October 31, 2005 at http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/lutheranism/68869
Reformation. Retrieved October 31, 2005 at http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562628/Reformation.html
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