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Long-Term Effects of Bullying
The issue of bullying has garnered increasing publicity in the media, as it is more widely acknowledged to be a serious problem and is not just a matter of 'boys being boys' or 'girls being girls.' A number of shocking cases of students who committed suicide as a result of being bullied motivated President Barak Obama to create a federal task force on the subject which cumulated in the first National Bullying Summit in August 2010. The purpose of the summit was to gather information to understand how to prevent bullying; to find better ways to intervene when it is taking place; and help students recover from the emotional damage caused by bullying.
Current existing research suggests that victims of bullying are more apt to suffer from depression and social isolation (Farrington, Loeber, Stallings, & Ttofi, 2011; Klomek, Marrocco, Kleinman, Schonfeld, & Gould, 2007; Nansel et al., 2001; Bazeland). They are also more likely to engage in asocial activities as adults including committing crimes (Farrington & Ttofi 2011; Bazelon 2013) and committing suicide (Kim, Leventhal, Koh, & Boyce 2009; Klomek 2007). Copeland (et al. 2013) linked being the victim of bullying to a higher rate of psychiatric problems, including suicide. Carlisle and Rofes (2007) underline that there is a discrepancy between how...
Perhaps the most widely-publicized incident was when freshman Tyler Clementi, jumped off the George Washington Bridge after being bullied by his roommates for being gay (Farrington 2011). Hawker and Boulton (2000) note that lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youths are four times more likely to attempt suicide than those bullied for other reasons.
Rationale for the Study
Bullying is not an isolated event in childhood: the experience can have ramifications later in life. Morgan and Fisher (2007) have noted that an elevated risk of psychiatric trouble can last for decades after the incidents. As noted by Copeland, Wolke, Angold and Costello (2013) bulling victims are 14.5 times more likely to develop panic disorder and are 4.8 times more likely to be depressed than their non-bullied peers. Both male victims and perpetrators involved in bullying were 18.5 times more likely to have expressed suicidal ideation. Female victims were 26.7 times more likely to have exhibit agoraphobia. Bullies themselves were 4.1 times…
72% of college students self-identified as the targets of bullying during their K-12 years (Chapell, Hasselman, Kitchin, Lomon, MacIver, & Sarulla 2006). College health clinicians must be aware of long-term effects of bullying to be able to anticipate any mental health issues which arise during the transition of adolescents from high school to college (Jantzer, Hoover, & Narloch 2006). The current study will contribute to the existing literature on the phenomenon by specifically focusing on the long-term aftereffects of bullying on young adults. Social and psychological disturbances that manifest themselves during the college years and afterward must be fully comprehended by clinicians and researchers to better design both remedies and treatments (Ireland & Power, 2004; Schafer et al., 2004; Duffy & Nesdale, 2009).
Summary
Curtailing bullying and remedying its aftereffects remains an issue for schools and workplaces (O'Connell, Calvert, & Watson 2007). Bullying not a discrete problem: its can continue to haunt the victims many years later (Losel et al. 2012). Bullied college students may be inhibited in their professional and personal aspirations as a result of the psychological trauma of bullying and this victimization can continue to affect them later in life (Kshirsager, et al. 2007). This study will specifically explore freshman college students' perceptions of the long-term effects of bullying and perceptions of the severity of bullying, stratifying the opinions by gender and ethnicity. It will also seek to determine the aftereffects of being a bully and if this leads to dating or marital violence or a greater likelihood of participating in workplace harassment (Currie & Spatz Widom 2010; Farrington, Trofi & Losel 2011).
Bullying Perceived Effects and Seriousness of Bullying of 1st Year College Students There have been several debates on the issue of buying that the new students joining college undergo and many have insinuated that bullying at 1st year of college can have massive impact in the long-term on the victim of bullying. There needs to be a systematic and scientific research that can serve to show whether these are just allegations
Long-Term Impacts of Bullying Bullying Bullying is an undesirable, hostile behavior exhibited by adolescents due to perceived and sometimes real power imbalance. This is a repeated behavior, or one that may be possibly repeated, as time goes on. Both the bullies and those bullied can develop long-term problems. For a child's behavior to be termed 'bullying', it must be a hostile behavior and include the following: Power imbalance: Children who bully make use
More and more children are becoming victims of cyberbullying with an estimated range of between 19% and 42% being bullied online at least one time (Wolak, Mitchell & Finkelhor, 2006). Reports also indicate that children who participated in traditional bullying are becoming increasingly more involved in cyberbullying; reflecting very high percentages of those children acting as cyber bullies (Kowalski & Limber, 2007). In a recent study of 177 seventh grade
When these components were included in bullying intervention programs, Olweus found significant reductions of 50% or more during the 2 years following their introduction in American schools with more than 2,500 students. According to Heinrich (2003), "The bullying prevention program goals are reducing or eliminating existing bullying problems and preventing new problems. The major cost of this program is not in money but in the amount of time and energy
A number of individual, school and family risk factors contribute to this risk. Studies have identified exposure to domestic violence, child maltreatment, emotional and behavioral problems, low self-worth and reduced assertiveness to increase children's risk of being bullied." (Shakoor, Jaffe et al., 380). In other words, victims may already be in a position where they could very well suffer mental health issues later in life, but it is undeniable
Familial and social support were shown to serve two very different yet highly similar roles in the lives of children and adolescents in a way that enables them to become more resilient to the negative effects of bullying, correcting and combating the emotional effects of bullying and providing greater overall self-esteem and self-confidence (Bowes et al. 2010; McGrath et al. 2009). The family support is instrumental in creating basic emotional