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However, from the anti-realist point-of-view, such manifestations are not enough for an individual to consider the patient alive. One can posit that the absence of the patient's ability to communicate or interact is a manifestation of death, or the state of not being alive. That is, despite the biological signs of life shown in the apparatuses, anti-realists view the patient as dead because s/he is no longer able to perform one function that humans are distinctly known to be able to accomplish excellently: the ability to communicate and/or interact with others.
The phenomenologists, meanwhile, "centered their attention on the lived experience of those persons being smiled at and touched. Since human consciousness is the only object which may be studied, it was the essential experience of patients that mattered" (130). In this philosophy of nursing, experiential relations between the nurse and the patient is considered the most important learning that a medical practitioner can have. This viewpoint also debunks the belief that nurses should be professional and clinical in their manner and treatment of patients, wherein patients are considered as "subjects" and treatments are objectively developed -- with the aid medical science. A most prevalent example of the phenomenological viewpoint as practiced...
Phenomenologists believe that caring for the patient is not an act of unprofessionalism, but rather, an act of compassion and service to the patient, as one might expect from a nurse as a medical practitioner.
Lastly, the postmodernist viewpoint argues that "rules of inquiry" should "exclude unobservable entities and bring to heel the tendency of scientists to indulge in l'esprit de systeme" (112). That is, this philosophy posits that there is no universal truth or philosophy extant, as functionalism claims itself to be the definite and infallible philosophy, stemming from its principles the field and study of science. In the view of postmodernists, there exists a multitude of truths and realities, and it is the function of the individual to "test" these truths and realities, and deem which of these truly and honestly reflects the nature of the problem or subject being studied. Thus, in the practice of nursing, a nurse can never be sure of the suitability of one viewpoint from another unless s/he tests this viewpoint vis-a-vis the other viewpoints, and judge for himself/herself, as a medical practitioner, on how well this viewpoint explains and/or illustrates a specific nursing issue or topic.
In fact, its utilization led to the development of the Goal-Oriented Nursing Record (GONR), which is used as a procedural step that would guide the nurse throughout his/her conduct of care service provision and evaluation. Orlando's theory of functional nursing, meanwhile, focuses on one concept considered vital in King's goal attainment theory: perception. In her theory, Orlando explicated the importance of a perceptive nursing, which is a basic requirement and
There are clear philosophical connections between the core ideas of hermeneutics and those of historicism, because each posits a potentially radical degree of relativism. Rodgers & Knafl (2005) explore this, arguing not for a return to any radical empiricism but rather to acknowledge that while knowledge and certainly medical praxis is socially constructed (and constructed along lines of socially sanctioned power hierarchies), there are fundamental empirical elements to nursing that
Nursing Philosophy The author of this report is asked to offer three main points of discussion within this report. These three sections all related to nursing theory and they will be compared and contrasted to the personal philosophy of the author of this paper. The three points of discussion are the four meta-paradigms of nursing theory, two practice-specific concepts and a list of propositions that the author of this paper would
Nursing Leadership Theories NURSING LEADERSHIP: COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS OF CONCEPTS & THEORIES The work of Cherie and Gebrekida (2005) report that there is both formal and informal leadership in that managers are formally "delegated authority, including the power to reward or punish. A manager is expected to perform functions such as planning, organizing, directing (leading) and controlling (evaluating)." On the other hand, informal leaders are "not always managers performing those functions required
Each has its own set of strengths and limitations. These new theories help to shape the nursing profession of today and will have an impact on the nursing profession of the future. Many new nursing theories focus on the relationships between the nurse and the patient. New theories focus on four major components of the nursing field: the person, the environment, health, and nursing. Globalization and the innovation that it
The nurse is often expected to act and react only with empirical information, however personal knowledge is considered equally as important by many nurse educators and researchers (Chinn & Kramer 2004). This also helps to explain why "health" and "environment" are considered distinct major components in the metastudy of nursing; both can be understood on highly subjective terms, with the concept of "good health" changing from patient to patient,