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How do we mitigate these technological risks (chemical, radioactive, and biotechnological)? Those exposed to the risks are numerous and capable of mobilization to the extent that they "threaten the stability of the political-economic order, and thus place legitimation at issue" (p. 326).
The following direct democracy dilemma is the dilemma of technology and expertise. As governance issues are often directly affected by technology operated and most fully understood by experts in those fields, the public can often not compete with the strength of the experts' voices in terms of knowledge, information, and expertise. Thus, the dilemma is that in fields affected by complex technologies, experts typically are over-represented while the public is greatly under-represented. The question is, then: how can citizens be included in decisions regarding complex technologies, "especially when there can be wide disagreements among the experts, and the costs of gaining the knowledge, information, and expertise to stay current in these debates can...
326-327).
The next, second-to-last dilemma our authors give is the dilemma of time and crises. Humanity now faces an era of accelerating crises; it is often necessary for policymakers to make their decisions swiftly, and these decisions very often involve large numbers of people. In these cases, there simply isn't time for group consensus, and moreover, citizens themselves may not have the time to deal with every problem that an elected official does. How can this be dealt with?
The final dilemma is the dilemma of the common good. The common good is often not served best by direct participation. "Power to the people does not necessarily produce thoughtful deliberative power." How can we make it so that direct participation motivates those that participate to think more seriously and fully about the issues?
References
Roberts, Nancy. (2004). "Public deliberation in an age of direct citizen participation." American
Review of Public Administration, 34, 4, 315-353.
Direct to Consumer Advertising According to a report by the United States General Accounting Office, "spending on direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs has tripled in recent years," (Collins et al. p. 4). Consequently, spending on prescription drugs has also risen. Although the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the content of prescription drug advertisements under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), many critics of direct-to-consumer (DTC) promotion
Vermont's Junior Senator, Bernard Sanders introduced to the Senate the Stop Outsourcing Security Act S. 2398. The Stop Outsourcing Security Act will help solve the lack of oversight of contractors in Iraq by requiring that by June 2008, "the President shall submit to each specified congressional committee a report on the status of planning for the transition away from the use of private contractors for mission critical or emergency
Pharmaceutical Ethics Issues Generally, business ethics is a concept that has not been upheld or exemplified to any high standard by the modern pharmaceutical industry. It is an industry frequently plagued by unethical marketing decisions and practices, the pursuit of business strategies and policies that violate public trust in spirit if not necessarily in the written word, and that has embraced research practices that are sometimes highly questionable. In the modern
Theoretical Foundations of Nursing: Nursing can be described as a science and practice that enlarges adaptive capabilities and improves the transformation of an individual and the environment. This profession focuses on promoting health, improving the quality of life, and facilitating dying with dignity. The nursing profession has certain theoretical foundations that govern the nurses in promoting adaptation for individuals and groups. These theoretical foundations include theories, theory integration, reflection, research and
Ethical Matrix Ethical Dilemma Matrix Ethical Dilemma: A business organization's Internet Service Provider (ISP) is providing preferential service (improved access, faster connection and download/upload speeds) to certain websites, apparently on the basis of business ties and co-ownership entanglements. Ethical Principles: Autonomy, Justice, Respect for Persons Stakeholders: End Users: -Users of the Internet have the duty to make and exercise their own choices, which is limited by preferential access. -This duty also insists that users be able to face all
Stigma and Disability The self-sufficiency of any person or group largely depends on the capacity to maintain a certain level of financial stability. As a group, people with disabilities are among those with the highest poverty rates and lowest educational levels despite typically having some of the highest out-of-pocket expenses of all other groups. Educational level is strongly related to financial status and independence in most of the studies performed on