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Verbal learning is defined as the acquisition of verbal information. Verbal learning is generally classified into three basic categories. The first is serial learning, or "learning to reproduce the items in a list in their original order (for example, learning the letters of the alphabet)" (Verbal learning, 2011, Fullerton). Serial learning is often accomplished by learning through by rote or through the use of mnemonic devices. It is often contrasted with "paired-associate learning: learning to make a verbal response when a specific stimulus is presented (for example, learning foreign language vocabulary: stimulus = foreign word, response = English word)" (Verbal learning, 2011, Fullerton). When learning a new language, for example, both types of verbal learning are often used. At first, the learner must memorize a new alphabet and vocabulary. But gradually, the words will take on meaning and the learner can learn based upon association, or and can respond with specific words to a prompt.
Learning 'nonsense' words is,...
To learn nonsense syllables usually requires the learner to create mnemonic devices to aid memory. And even with nonsense words, some nonsense words 'sound' more meaningful than other nonsense words: "Researchers measure the 'meaningfulness' of an item in terms of how readily it reminds you of a word, like how many words you can think of in 10 seconds" (Verbal learning, 2011, Fullerton).
A final type of verbal learning is so-called 'free recall.' Unlike serial learning, which requires the memorized words to be in a particular order, free recall is a kind of 'shopping list' format of learning, in which the words can be recalled in any order (Verbal learning, 2011, Fullerton). If you have to buy bread, eggs, and butter, it doesn't matter what order in which you recall the words. However, although it might seem that 'free recall' is easier and less 'pressured' because there is no required order, serial learning often is easier,…
References
Paired associate learning. (2001). Encyclopedia of Psychology. Retrieved:
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g2699/is_0002/ai_2699000247/
Serial learning. (2001). Encyclopedia of Psychology. Retrieved:
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g2699/is_0003/ai_2699000311/
If the items used as stimulus words in a PA task are too similar, discrimination ability decreases, leading to errors in recall. Another difficulty may occur with learning of response items, i.e. meaningful responses are learned easier than non-meaningful responses (Minnesota State University Moorhead, n.d.). Free recall learning -- retain as much information and recall it regardless of its order. This method is unstructured; learners can remember words in any
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