Infant Observation was given the opportunity to observe a female infant in a rather unique setting. "Herself" is the name that the child's mother, a modern-day flower child named Aloe, has given to the baby until the child is old enough to chose her own name. Aloe runs a small cruelty-free bakery and vegan ice cream shop in a rural community several hours from my home. I first met Aloe and her then unborn child on a road trip with friends, and I have stayed in e-mail contact with her on occasion since then because she was such an interesting person. When given the assignment to observe an infant, I decided it would be nice to catch up with Aloe and meet her now one-year-old child. Aloe's shop is located on a small plot of farmland which is used for animal rescue, and since it is also her home, she…...

Infant ehavior
INFANT DEVELOPMENT: N.S. 12 Months Old

The environment in which the toddler is observed is a private home, approximately 2500 square feet. The primary areas that the toddler interact in include a large family area with an entertainment center, two couches, and several "play stations" including a toddler walker toy, several push toys, a couple of large image books, a giant Elmo stuffed animal and a puzzle. The toddler also moved about the kitchen, which was wide and open, had hardwood floors and a dining area where the toddler's high chair was set up. There were several gates positioned through doorways to block the toddler from accessing other areas of the home.

During the time of observation, the toddler was at home with mom and dad, myself as the observer, and one other couple who had an infant of 3 months with them. The adults were engaged in animated discussion and…...

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By all accounts, N.S. seemed to be developing at a normal to average pace; however his ability to sign so well at only 12 months seems to put him on a scale slightly above his peers from a cognitive perspective. His natural interest in the infant and in gaining the attention of his guests suggest normal or average social development for a twelve-month-old toddler based on information provided in the readings.

REFERENCE

Fogel, A. (2001). Infancy: Infant, Family, and Society. (Fourth Edition) St. Paul, MN: West Publishing.

Introduction
Ryon is a twelve-month-old, blond-haired, blue-eyed, White toddler. He is fair-skinned with almond-shaped eyes. I met him at a friend’s suburban residence, on 1st November, 2017, where her mom provides daycare services. I spent time between 2 p.m. and 5 p.m. at her place. I discovered Ryon seated on the living room floor. Though equipped with only a TV set and a couple of couches, the setting seemed rather comfortable and safe (Lake, 2017).

Observation

The boy seems to find no difficulty sitting up. It appears he is confident of his ability to maintain balance. He is seated feet-outwards, with legs wide out. The boy is able to lean forward till his tummy reaches the floor, though he requires a certain amount of effort in order for sitting back up. When he crawls, his hands are spread flat across the floor, with fingers made wide and feet pointed nearly directly behind the…...

According to this professional, circumcisions that are competently performed under local anaesthesia cause no more pain or harm than an immunisation injection. Furthermore, male circumcision ahs shown benefits such as the reduction of sexually transmitted infections such as the human pailloma virus, chancroid and syphilis. She also cites studies that indicated a reduced risk of HIV infection in males who have been circumcised.
Indeed, there are quite humane ways to circumcise infants with the minimal amount of stress and pain today. Furthermore, cultural and religious reasons for performing the ritual cannot be discarded. Particularly when done under the correct and most humane possible circumstances, cultural practices should not be prohibited.

Having said this, and considering the issue from all viewpoints, however, the fact remains that infant male circumcision is the removal of part of the human body without the consent of its owner, the child. It carries significant risks, especially in…...

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References

Bering, J. (2010, Apr. 23). Is male circumcision a humanitarian act? Scientific American: Bering in Mind. Retrieved from  http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/post.cfm?id=is-male-circumcision-a-humanitarian-2010-04-23 

Hinchley, G. And Patrick, K. (2007, Dec 8). Is Infant Male Circumcision an Abuse of the Rights of the Child? Science Daily. Retrieved from  http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/12/071207120817.htm 

Manimale, N. (2010, Mar 15). CDC should not recommend infant male circumcision. The Oracle Online. Retrieved from http://www.usforacle.com/cdc-should-not-recommend-infant-male-circumcision-1.2191240

infant (birth-12 months old).
The observation is of Julie, the child of a friend who is 6 months old. Her parents are Jewish, the father is a Rabbi in the local Temple, the mother works as a physical therapist. The parents combine American and Jewish values in raising the child, and in comparison to any particular American child of her age, I do not expect to see nor do not see any particular cultural differences emerge as yet.

The family may be described as lower to middle class; it is difficult to make distinctions. They do have a large family -- ten children, with both parents involved in parenting and maintenance of the household. It is a warm, cohesive family with both sets of grandparents living close by and with close family and communal ties.

The observation was conducted last week and occurred during the duration of one and a half hours…...

Child Interview: eflection and Theoretical Applicationeflection of the InterviewsThe first interaction took place in the child\\\'s home where VL was engaged in a pretend play of cooking food. She was proud of her Cinderella apron and dress, which she showcased by pointing. During the role play, she invited me to join her meal, demonstrating a strong sense of imagination and initiative. Her actions reflected independence as she led the play, even showing disappointment when I was not done eating but she wanted to \\\"wash the dishes.\\\"The second interaction, again in VL\\\'s home but this time in the backyard, continued to showcase her creativity and initiative. This time, she was engaged in pretend play with her dolls, treating them as her babies and preparing them for a party. It was interesting to observe her interaction with the dolls, as she mirrored adult-like behavior, even scolding them when they \\\"didn\\\'t listen.\\\"Theorist Application…...

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ReferencesIannaccone, A., Perret-Clermont, A. N., & Convertini, J. (2019). Children as investigators of Brunerian “possible worlds”. The role of narrative scenarios in children’s argumentative thinking. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 53, 679-693.Radul, I. H. (2019). Research of the egocentrism of infantile speech in psychology. Insight: the psychological dimensions of society, (2), 52-57.

Routine Infant Male Circumcision
While female genital mutilation has garnered a great deal of attention in recent years, male genital mutilation or circumcision has been for the most part overlooked in research reports. (Redactive Publishing, 2010, paraphrased) The objective of this study is to conduct an examination of routine infant male circumcision. This will involve a summarization and critical analysis of the current literature and reliable published evidence in this area of inquiry. The work of ocquet et al. (2009) examines the issue of bleeding complications following ritualistic circumcision and reports on six children who are stated to have no family history of hemorrhagic disease and no personal problems of thrombopenia or hemostatis, who were admitted within 1 year at the emergency department for hemorrhagic complications of nonmedical circumcisions, of which one had glans amputation." ( Five of the children were newborns. All of the newborns had compensated shock with tachycardia…...

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Bibliography

Benatar, M & Benatar, D 2003, 'Between prophylaxis and child abuse: the ethics of neonatal male circumcision', American Journal Of Bioethics, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 35-48, CINAHL with Full Text, EBSCOhost.

Bhattacharjee, P 2008, 'Male circumcision: an overview', African Journal Of Paediatric Surgery, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 32-36, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost.

Bo, X & Goldman, H 2008, 'Newborn circumcision in Victoria, Australia: reasons and parental attitudes', ANZ Journal Of surgery, vol. 78, no. 11, pp. 1019-1022, Academic Search complete, EBSCOhost.

Bocquet, N, Lortat-Jacob, S, Cheron, G & Chappuy, H 2010, 'Bleeding complications after ritual circumcision: about six children', European Journal Of Pediatrics, vol. 169, no. 3, pp. 359-362, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. The articles explore separate studies about the topic. The author of this work discusses various aspects of each article and their merit. There were two sources used to complete this paper.
Each year in America thousands of parents walk into their infants room and discover that the child has died from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. The tragedy shocks and baffles the medical community as it continues to search for answers not only to what causes the syndrome but also what parents can do to reduce the risk of it striking their child. Studies around the globe have been conducted to this end with mixed results.

The determination of factors that influence the existence of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome is vital to the ability to stop its occurrence.

Study one

The first study examined whether the temperament of an infant has a bearing on whether that child is more prone…...

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REFERENCES

Temperament ratings do not predict arousability in normal infants and infants at increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome. (Original Articles).

Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics; 10/1/2002; Adamson, T. Michael

Cosleeping in young Korean children.

Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics; 6/1/2002; Hahn, Hong-Moo

Child Care
Developmental Observation of Five-Year-old

Statement of esearch/Observation: To observe a five-year-old female child in her natural setting to determine age appropriate developmental stages.

Description of Child Being Observed: The subject is a five-year-old female: Maribel.

Planning Stages:

My friend has a five-year-old niece. The subject's mother was contacted and agreed to allow the observations to take place in her home and on the playground. The project was discussed and plans were made to accommodate all involved parties.

Introductory Visit:

The introductory visit was conducted at my friend's house, also the child's grandmother's home. Maribel often visits her grandmother and is very comfortable within this home setting.

Upon this visit, Maribel was introduced to me as her aunt's visitor. She said, "hi" to me, and asked me if I was visiting her aunt. I replied yes, and asked Maribel if she would like to sit with me and wait for her aunt. She said yes, so we…...

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References

Alliance for Childhood. "Importance of play." 2 May, 2003 http://www.allianceforchildhood.net/projects/play/index.htm

Bergen, D. Pretend Play and Young Children's Development. ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood, 2001. ERIC,ED458045.

Fisch, S.M., & Truglio, R.T. (2001). "G" is for growing: Thirty years of research on children and Sesame Street. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Kagan, J. "Child." World Book Online Reference Center. 2004. World Book, Inc. 25 Mar. 2004.  http://www.worldbookonline.com/wb/Article?id=ar110700 .

Lantern
What do abies Think?

Psychologists and the rest of the world have always regarded babies as incomplete, merely forming adults whose thoughts can only be rudimental and purposeless. ut Alison Gopnik explored deeply into this issue and came out with the staggering finding that babies are actually smarter and meaningful than we all thought, even more intelligent than adults in essence. Gopnik is a psychology professor at the University of California at erkeley who published her discover in a book entitled, "The Philosophical aby: What Children's Minds Tell us about the Truth, Love and the Meaning of Life."

In totality, Gopnik (2010) discovered that babies and young children are designed by nature to learn but with a kind of intelligence far different from that of adults but very relevant to development and growth. abies and young children, first of all, do think and their minds develop in a way clearly intended…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Brooks, C.N. (2012). What do babies think about? Family and Parenting: Examiner.com.

Retrieved on November 15, 2013 from  http://www.examiner.com/article/what-do-abies-think.about 

Catania, M. (200). What do babies think before thus start talking? Exploration:

Vanderbilt University. Retrieved on November 15, 2013 from  http://www.exploration.vanderbilt.edu/news/news.baby.htm

At the end of the party he took a card out of his wallet and gave it to me. He said, "Here, I'll give you my phone number. If you'd like to call me up, I'd love to hear from you." called him two days later and we made a date. Turned out he didn't drive so I had to pick him up. Since I had called him and I was going to be the driver, I bought a small bouquet of flowers and brought them to him. It was fun to reverse roles. Philip was the only man I ever met who didn't have a driver's license. He said he didn't want or need to drive. He liked taking buses and having his friends drive him places.
Dinner was a success. He paid for everything in the traditional manner. Philip told me he was a feminist. He had never…...

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Bibliography

Furman, Frida K. Facing the Mirror: Older Women and Beauty Shop Culture. New York:

Routledge, 1997.

Tannen, Deborah. You Just Don't Understand. New York: Ballantine Books, 1990.

Wood, Julia T. Gendered Lives.

It also made me realize how relatively easy I have it in this world when there are so many hungry people and children. I saw mothers with babies coming in by the dozens to shop at the food bank store, and owners of small food pantries picking up their daily and weekly supplies, and massive trailer trucks bringing dozens of pallets of donated food from grocery warehouses and distribution centers.
It all impacted my feeling about volunteering and helping others in need. It is hard to realize how many need such assistance until you see the huge amounts of people, and enormous amount of food necessary to feel those who can't afford to feed themselves.

What I Learned

One person really can make a difference. A small group of dedicated, generous, hard-working people can change a community. And all of us working together could change the world. I helped one mother put…...

stood still by a large fountain in a public square and did nothing for ten minutes. I used as many senses as possible to intake information from the world around me as objectively as possible, letting go the temptation to judge or analyze what was going on. The sounds were the first thing I noticed: the occasional cry of a baby or high-pitched voice of a child; the subtle murmurs of intimate conversations; the constant hum of city noise from traffic; and natural sounds like the wind as it hit objects, blew leaves on the trees, and set aloft pieces of trash.
Turning my attention toward the sights around me, the whole square seemed alive and pulsing. There were pigeons and crows going about their daily business, the pigeons seemingly doing nothing but waddling around and flying away when a person would get too close, and the crows pecking at…...

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References

McGrane, B.(1994).Un-occupied, Un-employed:Don't Just Do Something, Stand There!In The Un-TV and the 10 MPH Car (pp.20-57). Fort Bragg, CA:The Small Press

Public/high School Gaduate Audience) And 5 Annotated Pofessional, Pee-Reviewed Souces (aimed at a Pofessional/academic/college Student/gaduate Student Audience)
Annotated Pofessional, Pee-eviewed Souces (aimed At A Pofessional/academic/college Student/gaduate Student Audience)

Jounal of Attachment & Human Development (http://www.tandf.co.uk/jounals/titles/14616734.asp)

Routledge. 6 issues a yea. Is child-development oiented. Focuses on child attachment theoy and eseach. Povides empiical pespective with cutting edge studies, eviews, and clinical case obsevations. Cosses ove the fields of psychiaty, psychology, nusing, social wok and elated fields whilst pesenting ideas, methods, and eseach on attachment theoy.

Jounal of Child & Family Behavio Theapy (http://www.tandf.co.uk/jounals/titles/07317107.asp)

Routledge. 4 issues a yea. Teating all aspects of the child and adolescent's life within a behavioal fomat, this issue shaes extensive case methods and pactical behavioal techniques fo anyone involved in the child / o adolescent's life (including paent, teache, and counselo). Thee ae extensive book eviews, case studies, and the latest behavioal techniques with step-by-step details fo application.

3. Intenational Jounal…...

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references) related to that age are extant.

5. Parenting School Years Magazine

( http://www.magazines.com/product/parenting-school-years )

Part of Parenting magazine, this new edition discusses the challenges that educators, counselors, and parents may face with school-age children. Parenting School Years targets children age 6-11. Has 11 issues per year and in popular style targets a general audience. Articles include dealing with sibling rivalry, and helping kids adjust to parents' divorce and remarriage. In this way, it targets issues that exceed the school parameters and that anyone dealing with children, in whichever capacity, will encounter.

, 2010). egardless of the cause, infant SV is linked to "significantly more symptoms of wheezing disorder and clinical allergy than controls and were more likely to be sensitized to common inhaled allergens" (Todd et al., 2010). The number of studies and the number of subjects is still small, but the correlations have been consistently large enough to suggest that a serious bout of SV-bronchiolitis in infancy is linked to later lung problems such as asthma, wheezing, and atopy. Therefore, M.C.'s parents should be educated about the possibility that M.C. may experience breathing problems in later life, and told to advise her primary care physician of her SV diagnosis and hospitalization.
eferences

Caiulo, V.A., Gargani, L., Caiulo, S., Fisicaro, A., Moramarco, F., Latini, G., & Picano, E.

(2011). Lung ultrasound in bronchiolitis: Comparison with chest x-ray. Eur J. Pediatr, 170, 1427-1433.

Healthwise. (2012). Bronchiolitis- topic overview. etrieved March 9, 2013 from WebMD

website: http://www.webmd.com/lung/tc/bronchiolitis-topic-overview

Kelsall-Knight, L.…...

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References

Caiulo, V.A., Gargani, L., Caiulo, S., Fisicaro, A., Moramarco, F., Latini, G., & Picano, E.

(2011). Lung ultrasound in bronchiolitis: Comparison with chest x-ray. Eur J. Pediatr, 170, 1427-1433.

Healthwise. (2012). Bronchiolitis- topic overview. Retrieved March 9, 2013 from WebMD

website:  http://www.webmd.com/lung/tc/bronchiolitis-topic-overview