2009). The susceptibility is highest is the first month of the transplantation and decreases afterwards. it, however, remains high even after 12 following. Susceptibility is highest among kidney recipients who are more likely to develop the infection 12 months after the transplantation. They have a lower mortality rate than liver transplant recipients. The study also reflected a trend in increasing antimicrobial resistance among these susceptible recipients. The E-coli strain was shown to be the most common organism, which caused the gram-negative bloodstream infection after an organ transplant. The organism was also shown to be found most frequently in the urinary tract, which is the main source of bacteremia (Al_Hasan et al.).
Developing Tolerance to Transplants

Progress in transplant immunology in the past half of a century has been slower than expected (Lechler et al. 2005). Tolerance towards a foreign organ has been intentionally induced through non-myeloablative mixed chimerism induction in a….

Concern also focused on the imbalance of the trade because the market is for only those who can afford, therefore only gives chance for the well-off. The black market has been referred to as the transplant trade outside of the United States. Legalization of the international organ trade would lead to increased supply, lowering prices. Therefore the poor might be able to afford such organs as well.
ioethics is also concerned in issues of exploitation of the donor. Exploitation arguments generally come from two main areas, physical and financial exploitation. Physical exploitation argues that the operations are risky and they take place in third-world countries or what they say "black alleys" which adds to the risk. Although operations can be made safe, still there remains some threat and risk for the donor. Financial exploitation on the other hand says that donors are not paid enough, especially those from the Indian….

That is especially true because in the vast majority of cases, prospective organ donors are younger than their surviving family members since only organs from relatively young people are suitable for use as transplant organs. However, those family members who do provide consent to harvest their loved one's organs invariably come to regard that choice as something that gives meaning to the untimely deaths of their loved ones. In many cases, the gratitude expressed by the recipients and their families helps the grieving families overcome their own tragedy of loss. Ultimately, proper training and sensitivity of the medical personnel responsible for approaching grieving family members can mitigate the potential harm to those families associated with the request.
The other principal objection to organ donation is the fear that life-saving procedures might be terminated prematurely on accident victims whose drivers licenses designate them as organ donors. Naturally, to the extent that….

The flaws have been reverted through the policy of no-give, no-take, "under this system in order to receive an organ the individual has to previously signed their organ donor card" (Alexander, 2004). The merit of such policy is that "it satisfies most people's moral intuitions, the people are comfortable with the morality of reciprocity, those who are willing to give should be the first to receive" (Alexander, 2004).
In 2004, ethical issues related to the death and organ donations were discussed by the Kennedy Institute Journal if Ethics in their September issue. The main highlight of the issue has been the proposal, "expanding donation beyond death and non-heart beating organ donation by redefining death and/or providing exceptions to the dead donor rule" (Nancy, 2005). The journal published the claim of an ethicist, which stated that the competent patient has the choice to remove the organs prior to death, provided that….

However, these side effects are a small price to pay in light of the alternative, which is often a severely compromised quality of life and early death. The donor should consider several topics. There is no additional financial risk to being an organ donor. Furthermore, the body is not disfigured during organ removal; thus, open casket funerals are possible. Also, donated organs will be used for transplants into recipients and will not be used for other purposes without prior permission.
In summary, the risk:benefit ratio of organ donation after death is extremely favorable. There is no risk to the appearance of the body or to finances of the survivors. Most importantly, these procedures are desperately needed given the lack of current donors and the increasing age of Americans. Overall, no good reason exists not to donate organs after death and all should consider this act.

eferences

Barcellos, F.C., Araujo, C.L., & da….

Organ Donation
There is a space for a small pink sticker on everyone's driver's license which you choose to affix or to leave off of the identification. The sticker signifies that, should you be in a car accident and are declared to be brain-dead with no chance of recuperating, you agree to allow medical professionals to donate your organs to people who are in very dire need of them. hen people think about the process of organ donation, they consider the process of removing an organ from one being and implanting it into another being. This is a very glib description of a very complicated issue. The moment that a person decides that they are willing to give up an organ, whether while they are alive or only after their death, they pledge that somewhere another individual will benefit from their body.

There are several ethical questions to address when discussing the….

Some authors show that, contrary to the belief that health care professionals are less sensitive than the general public toward the manipulation of the body, they in fact have great difficulty in allowing action to be taken on the deceased donor, even actions as well accepted as transplantation. Various authors have reported that, as in the general public, knowing transplant patients has a parallel in the hospital setting, and therefore it would be useful to highlight the successful organ transplants within the hospital and to make sure that all the professionals know the success rates. Among nurses, this does not seem to be a fundamental factor, because although it is necessary to know transplant patients, it is also necessary to understand the transplant process well in order to avoid unfounded fears. Another significant factor is religion. The Catholic Church clearly accepts organ donation and transplantation, and Catholics are slowly….

Moral Questions and Moral Theory: Organ Donation
The issue of organ donation seems as though it would be simple. When a person dies, he or she no longer needs organs and those organs could be used to save the life of someone else (Appel, 2005). However, the issue is not as black and white as that for many people. Some are very against organ donation because they do not believe in "playing God" in that way. There are ethical, moral, religious, and other reasons why people may be for or against organ donation (Moraes, et al., 2009). In order to understand the issue more thoroughly it is important to discuss the issue from various angles and provide all the information that is needed to make an informed decision regarding organ donation. A person may decide that he or she is for or against donating organs, but that person can and should….

Ethic - Organ Donation
The donation of organs and their eventual transplant have been regarded as a distinct way in which mankind shows and shares its compassion. Cutting out organs from one person and moving them into the body of another is one of the many 20th century medical discoveries that have grown rapidly from a trial and error kind of approach into a medical therapy of choice that treats many ailments and medical conditions today. Sadly and sarcastically the practice has turned into a victim of its own success. One of the greatest obstacles facing organ transplant globally today is the dire lack of donor organs. For instance in the year 2010 106,879 donor organs were transplanted, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), a figure that is reportedly less than 10% of the need. This means that the current supply of donor organs is far outstripped by the demand.….

The focus is on understanding the way moral choices are presented than judging the outcome of the decisions made. Ethics can be situational, and certainly the dilemmas or morality and choice have different answers depending on the particular time and place they occur (MacIntyre, 2006).
Even prior to the formalization of the terms utilitarianism and deontology, the core ideas of each have been debated for centuries. The Ancient Greeks argued over the needs of the individual as opposed to the needs of the. Showing just how much this concept has permeated popular culture, the philosophical issue even made it to the modern motion picture screen. tilitarianism holds that the most ethical thing one can do is any action that will maximize the happiness within an organization or society. At the center of this debate is the notion that many remain dissatisfied with the definition of "good" or "appropriate" being at….

Faith and medicine often work in parallel. They do not cross each other. While in grave medical situations, people may pray and have faith their loved ones will recover, often there is no intersection between both areas. When there is an intersection, that is when questions arise of whether a person should choose medicine over faith or vice versa. In the "Healing and Autonomy" case study, faith and medicine place a couple in a difficult situation of whether to choose faith or medicine or perhaps create a middle ground where both can seemingly exist.
The most issues facing Mike and Joanne in "Healing and Autonomy" are several. The first issue is treatment refusal. The couple refused their son James' kidney dialysis. Mike believed faith healing would be able to give James the ability to heal without any medical intervention. This led to complications for James and the eventual need for a….

Further, the review of literature in this study will identify the method most effective in assessing the effectiveness of instruction ultimately resulting in the design and development of a study to be implemented in the community of Quincy, Massachusetts. This study will be one in which nursing professional provide information awareness to members of the community and then following make an assessment of the effectiveness of the instruction provided by the nursing professional to the community of Quincy, Massachusetts.
DATA COLLECTION & ANALYSIS

The proposed study is one will qualitatively conduct a literature review of both an extensive and thorough nature in regards to methodology and research design specifically as related to the provision of community information awareness. Secondly, this study will determine the most effective method for assessing the outcome of learning for individuals in the Quincy, Massachusetts community through identification of the same in the review of literature, which….

ethical decision making in general and then in the nursing profession. It addresses two key questions. What are the different ethical decision making processes? How could the ethical dilemma of informed consent in the nursing profession be resolved using one of these processes? The sources used to collect information are books and academic journals. The teleological approach suggests that informed consent is ethical because its benefits exceed its costs. In other words, its consequences are more unfavourable than opposite.
Ethical decision making is the process by which individuals choose an approach to deal with a moral issue they encounter. In everyday life, professionals often have to deal with moral issues. Therefore, frameworks for dealing with ethical dilemmas are required.

"Ethics is the science of the moral life. It is concerned with human conduct in relation to character and a conception of the good, commonly referred to as the highest good. It….

Tissue Donation
Donated body organs like hearts and kidneys contribute to the saving of hundreds of lives each year. The fact is that bequeathed tissues like skin, bone and heart valves could remarkably enhance the value of life for the persons receiving them. A patient who is dead following a cardiac arrest i.e. whose heartbeat has stopped permanently cannot be an organ donor but can be a tissue donor. Though in case of tissue donation the urgency of restoring a life by donation of liver or heart is absent, yet it is no way less critical to bring back vision by the help of a donated cornea, avert the severing of a leg using a bone donated by somebody or brighten the odds of survival of a patient having sustained burn injuries by skin donation.

Transplanted tissues offer advantages like it helps in alleviating trauma, assisting individuals to see again, resume their….

Corneal Donation within Hospitals and Medical Communities: Issues Surrounding Post Mortem Donations of Tissue
Qualitative Study

The purpose of this study is to identify barriers to corneal donation within hospitals and medical communities. A large body of research has focused on issues surrounding the post mortem donations of tissue. This research will take a different approach, examining what barriers exist within hospital and medical communities in an attempt to determine how these barriers may be overcome.

The number of potential corneal donors far surpasses the number of people available for traditional organ donations and in some states consent of the medical examiner alone is enough to allow use of corneal donations (family consent not required) (Lewin, 2000).

Traditionally the most significant barrier to organ donation and transplantation has been acquisition of organs and tissues (Murray et. al, 2002). The need for cornea tissue is rising. The average wait time for a corneal transplant….

Organ donation is a process that allows a person to donate their organs to another person.  Most organ donation is done after death and can be accomplished either through a person choosing to be an organ donor or by survivors choosing to donate the organs.  However, there are some organ donations from living donors, such as kidney transplants.  To some people, organ donation is an ethical issue, however the ethical perspectives vary.  For some, it is an ethical violation to donate organs and may go against religious norms.  For others, it is unethical not to....

Organ donation is a critically important practice that saves lives and should be strongly encouraged through education, awareness, and government policies. One potential thesis statement for an essay on organ donation could be: "Increasing education and awareness about the benefits of organ donation, along with implementing government policies to streamline the donation process, are essential steps in saving lives and improving public health." This thesis statement emphasizes the importance of both education and policy in promoting organ donation and highlights the potential impact of these efforts on saving lives. With this thesis statement as a foundation, the essay could further explore....

Thesis Statement Suggestions:

Organ donation is an ethical and compassionate act that can save and improve the lives of countless individuals.
While there are ethical, logistical, and social challenges associated with organ donation, the potential benefits far outweigh the risks and make it a valuable and necessary practice.
Expanding organ donation through increased public awareness, improved healthcare policies, and ethical decision-making is crucial to meeting the growing need for organs and saving more lives.
The principle of informed consent is paramount in organ donation, ensuring that potential donors fully understand the implications and make voluntary decisions based on their values....

1. The role of hospice care in providing comfort and support at the end of life
2. The importance of advance care planning and discussing end of life wishes with loved ones
3. Ethical considerations surrounding end of life decision-making and assisted dying
4. The impact of grief and loss on family members when facing the end of a loved one’s life
5. Cultural differences in beliefs and practices surrounding death and dying
6. The stigma and fear surrounding death and how to approach the topic openly and honestly
7. The role of palliative care in managing symptoms and improving quality of life at the end....