Transition Theory
A Discussion of Transition Theory as Explained by Afaf Ibrahim Meleis and the Implementation Thereof in the African-American Community
A little more than a decade ago, a student examined violence in the African-American community and named Detroit, ashington, D.C., Dallas, Jacksonville, and Baltimore the top five most lethal cities in the United States. At the time, most of these cities had an overwhelmingly high African-American population, according to the study. It was also stated that violence was, at that time, "the number one killer of children between the ages of 15-24," with statistics claiming that around 21,500 people died as the result of homicides during that year, which translated to about nine people for every 100,000. For young males in general the rate was about 22 per 100,000. However, for the African-American community, these rates increased tremendously to 85.6 people dying of homicides per every 100,000.
Eleven years later, these statistics…...
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Works Cited:
Chipman, K. (1998). "Violence in the African-American Community as a Public Issue." University of Daytona School of Law. Retrieved December 30, 2011, from .
Marriner-Tomey, A., & Alligood, M.R. (2006). -- source provided by customer.
Meleis, A.I. (2010). "Transitions Theory: Middle Range and Situation Specific Theories in Nursing Research and Practice." Springer Publishing: New York.
Meleis, A.I., & Sawyer, L.M., & Im, E., & Hilfinger Messias, D.K., & Schumacher, K. (2000).Experiencing Transitions: An Emerging Middle-Range Theory. Advances in Nursing Science, 23(1).
Transition Theory by Afaf Ibrahim Meleis
Transition Theory
Transition theory by Afaf Ibrahim Meleis gives a procedure in which the process of transition can be studied. From its definition, transitions are periods in which change in an environment which has some commonalities or individual is likely to take place. When transition theory is used in practice, it can provide a comprehensive perspective on transition experience while considering the contexts within which people are experiencing a transition (Meleis, 2010).
There are some traits that most transition theories are known to have in common, these include; disconnection from the past social connections and support, lack of known reference points, the inability to meet old needs in accustomed ways and/or the appearance of new needs and the incongruence between former sets of expectations and those that prevail in the current situation (Meleis, 2010). These traits may be summarized as process, disconnectedness, perception, and pattern of response.…...
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References
Deanne K. Hilfinger Messias, Eun-Ok Im, A.P., Hanna Regev, Judith Spiers, Laurie Yoder, & Meleis., A.I. (1997). Defining and Redefining Work: Implications for Women's Health. Gender and Society, 11(3), 296-323
Kralik D, Visentin K, & van Loon A. (2006). Transition: a literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing 55(3), 320-329.
Marriner-Tomey, A., & Alligood, M.R. (2006). Nursing theorists and their work: Mosby/Elsevier.
Meleis, A.I. (2010). Transitions theory: middle-range and situation-specific theories in nursing research and practice: Springer Pub. Co.
These things may be additionally provoked by past history associated with unknown and altering individual and specialized functions and associations, unforeseen and improved levels of duties and responsibility that are incapable to be given to the new nurses in the course of their undergraduate knowledge, and opportunities that they will relate to everyday work conditions clinical information that has frequently been untried, is simply unidentified.
It is believed that the ingredient of revelation is a significant causal issue in the knowledge of transition shock. Even as growing substantiation begins to be seen about the consequence of a variety of direction and transition facilitation agendas on the function socialization procedure of the new nurse, there is not a lot of journalism that expresses an association between pre-graduate alteration training and the practice of transitioning into a professional nursing function. The diminished capacity of information in regards to professional tasks alterations in…...
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References
Duchscher, Judy E. Boychuk. (2009). Transition shock: the initial stage of role adaptation for newly graduated Registered Nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(5), p.1103-1113.
Nursing Theory
The broad definition of the term 'theory' is development and elucidation of any aspect or field of cognition. Theory then is a collection of interrelated propositions that must forecast, describe, influence, or explain events. Theories of learning have attempted to offer explanations about learning as well as its application. In the last century, educational researchers and psychologists have postulated a number of theories to account for how people attain, organize and apply knowledge and skills. Rather than offering a specific theory, educational psychology provides multiple approaches and theories about the process of learning and the motivation for change and learning in individuals. Understanding theories of learning, (essentially educational psychology), is central to the field of education, for enabling nursing educators to offer an atmosphere conducive to learning, enhancing the educational system's efficiency and education harmonization. In the previous century, learning theory formulation and assessment has greatly facilitated the…...
Azimian, J., Negarandeh, R., & Movahedi, A. F. (2014). Factors Affecting Nurses' Coping With Transition: An Exploratory Qualitative Study . Global Journal of Health Science, 1916-9744.
Upon the establishment and strengthening of Bowlby and Ainsworth's Attachment Theory, other theorists have developed new studies which either tested the theory or sought to apply it in different contexts or scenarios. Inevitably, most scenarios and contexts that new theorists and psychology researchers took is the path to explaining grief and bereavement. Others, however, have centered on specific aspects of the theory and sought to expound and/or test it, as Ainsworth did when Bowlby was still in the process of strengthening his attachment theory.
One such study was conducted by Schore and Schore (2008), which explored the emotion regulation aspect of the theory. In their study, the authors realized the potential of attachment theory in developing a "therapeutic intervention" from which coping on the loss of the attachment figure would be a healthier process for the individual. The authors shifted from the issue of attachment to…...
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References
Ainsworth, M. (1984). "Attachment across the life span." Bulletin of New York Academy of Medicine.
Ainsworth, M. And J. Bowlby. (1991). "An ethological approach to personality development." American Psychologist, Vol. 46, No. 4.
Bartholomew, K. And L. Horowitz. (1991). "Attachment styles among young adults: a test of a four-category model." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 61, No. 2.
Bartholomew, K. And P. Shaver. (1998). In Attachment theory and close relationships. J. Simpson and W. Rholes (Eds.). NY: Guilford Press.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy is one of the group development theories or models that are used in today's societies and institutions. The validity of making and developing groups is geared towards equitable management of the available group and behavior of people within an institution or place of work. According to Cognitive Behavior Therapy, group development is a lucrative endeavor that has to be worked on in every institution. Group behavior development refers to the concept of relaying equitable avenues of growth and development within a unified sector of human and material togetherness. There is no doubt that all human beings exist in a form or the form of groups in society. The existence and services of these groups is detrimental to the general performance and productivity of the people.
Group working and development surpasses individual performances in many regards. This is the reason why the…...
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References
Agazarian, Y. (2004). Cognitive Behavior Therapy. London: Karnac.
Agazarian, Y., & Peters, R. (1995). Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Two perspectives on group psychotherapy and group process. London: Karnac Books.
Arrow, H., Berdahl, J.L., & McGrath, J.E. (2000). Small groups as complex systems:
Formation, coordination, development and adaptation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
S. involvement in World War II.
Is it possible to have a general theory of war?
Perhaps the most well-known "theory" of war is articulated in Matthew 24:6: "You will hear of wars and rumors of wars. . . . Such things must happen" (New International Version 1984). Therefore, although it is possible to have a general theory of war, any such theory will be limited in its ability to explain the why's and how's of its occurrence. According to Gray (1999), in his seminal text, on War, Carl Philipp Gottfried von Clausewitz, set forth a modern general theory of war, but Sun Tzu's Art of War also addressed this issue. Clausewitz, though, is cited time and again in the relevant literature as having propounded a general theory of war. For instance, eid (2004) reports that, "In particular, he seeks to explain the methods to establish a general theory of war. Clausewitz…...
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References
Clausewitz, C.V. (1976) on War. Princeton, NJ.
Gray, C.S. (1999) Modern Strategy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
-. The 21st Century Security Environment and the Future of War. Parameters, 38(4): 14-9.
Lichbach, M.I. (1989) "An evaluation of 'does economic inequality breed political conflict?'
Air Asia is a case of classical management, where the company competes as a low cost producer, in this case of airline service, using the discount airline model. There are many elements of the AirAsia business model that mirror the discount carrier pioneers like RyanAir and EasyJet in Europe. This case will discuss AirAsia's business model.
Issue Identification
The management issue for AirAsia is to maintain their low cost business model going forward, while handling intense competition and expanding their footprint. Recent expansions outside of SouthEast Asia have been necessary for the growth of the company but they have also stretched the company thin. Additionally, such moves may require larger aircraft, and may affect how the branding is perceived. But AirAsia has developed a strong route network from its KL hub and needs to find growth somewhere.
Another issue that the company is facing is that with its rapid growth, now 8000 employees,…...
Theory
Compare and contrast at least three views on what constitutes a theory. Distinguish the related concepts of theories, such as hypothesis, paradigm, model and concept.
Differentiating between hypothesis and theory
The word hypothesis is a description of various phenomenon occurring. In most cases, it's not a confirm statement. In other cases, it can be well-developed, designed and explained to follow through the workings and mechanisms of certain phenomenon. According to one definition, it states particularly that it's a precursor to a conditional proposition. A hypothesis is an unconfirmed theory. One can develop a hypothesis while the observation is being tested, that could be unconfirmed too. By an observation, one can simply have a window of opportunity to verify a hypothesis. A hypothesis can be detailed and inclusive of details. This permits lucid testing. Apart from that, it is the distinguishing factor from a theory (Harris, 2001).
The word theory is of scientific nature…...
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References
Ardichvili, A., & Gasparishvili, A. (2001). Leadership profiles of managers in post-communist countries: A comparative study. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 22(2): 62-75.
Ashkanasy, N.M., Trevor-Roberts, E., & Earnshaw, L. (2002). The Anglo cluster: Legacy of the British Empire. Journal of World Business, 37, 28-39.
Bakacsi, G., Sandor, T., Andra, K., & Viktor, I. (2002). Eastern European cluster: Tradition and transition. Journal of World Business, 37, 69-80.
Bass, B.M. (1990). Bass and Stogdill's Handbook of Leadership. (3rd Edition.). New York: Free Press.
Theory on Juvenile Delinquency
Interventions that involve life-course unrelenting offenders should place emphasis on remedial social abilities, for them to have a chance to decrease their frequency of offending in future, and to tackle conduct disorder problems. Interventions involving teenage-onset offenders should, wherever applicable, tackle issues relating to parenting, alcohol/drug misuse, and anti-social cronies. Keane, Krull and Phythian (2008) define self-control as the extent to which a person is susceptible to temptation. According to them, lack of self-restraint or self-control is a fairly universal and stable characteristic, accounting for individual discrepancies in deviant, reckless, and criminal conduct. Youngsters' parents are usually blamed for their kids' delinquent behavior. Some courts go as far as penalizing parents for their kids' antisocial actions. It is believed that weak self-control develops during early childhood, when one's family is the most central socializing agent. Hence, lack of self-restraint and the resultant deviant behavior result from familial…...
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References
Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory.
Burfeind, J. W., & Bartusch, D. J. (2006). Juvenile delinquency: An integrated approach. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Demuth, Stephen and Susan L. Brown. 2004. "Family Structure, Family Processes, and Adolescent Delinquency: The Significance of Parental Absence vs. Parental Gender." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 41(1):58-81.
Farrington, D. P. (2010). Family influences on delinquency. Juvenile justice and delinquency, 203-222.
He understood, "The greatest real way of making a strong intelligence of efficacy is through mastery involvements" (p. 3).
Person Environment Occupation model
The PEO model (Broome, 2009) is a famous and recognized conceptual model and model of exercise inside Canadian occupational therapy. It bids groundwork for managing valuation and interference through all practice surroundings and customer inhabitants. The planned device is able to transport the PEO model to life in the process of a humble and cheap instrument that can bring clinicians a real-world theoretical foundation for their clinical procedure. The circle instrument performs as a vehicle for unfolding what occupational therapy is about, describing the foci, and what the clinician can offer to the client.
Figure 2: Person Environment Occupation model
Clinical Reasoning
The PEO model that aims for the best fit to enhance occupational performance can be used to guide the occupational therapy process. This procedure, as sketched in the Occupational…...
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Works Cited
Alter, K. (2006). Fueling the Engines: A Role For Occupational Therapy in Promoting Healthy Life. Occupational Therapy in Healthcare, 21(3).
Broome, K. (2009). A literature review applying the Pearson Environment Occupation Model. Scandanavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 3(12), 16.
Fisher, G.S. (2008). A Model of Occupational Empowerment for Marginalized Populations. Occupational Therapy in Healthcare, 22(1).
Gupta, J., & Sabata, D. (2010). Maximizing Occupational Performance of Older Workers: Applying the Person-Environment-Occupation Model. AOTA Continuing Education Article, 15(7), 12-15.
However, in the most recent theory of evolution which discusses the living world appears as the result of chance and an output of different randomly selected natural mills. This kind of development came to present as a result of the need of more subjects or topics in areas such as cybernetic, general system theory, information theory, theories of games which is needed in most decision making process in line with real applications. In mathematics techniques however, there are a number of general assumption which are insufficient and most of the time very contradict themselves (Laszlo & Krippner, 1982).
Again, Laszlo (1982) outlined that von Bertalanffy considered the idea of organization to be involved at various stages in the expression of natural system. This could be highlighted from his first statement on the system which he made between the years 1925-1926, during the time when similar thinking of organism was being…...
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References
Bailey, K.D. (2004). Beyond System Internals: Expanding the Scope of Living Systems Theory. Los Angeles: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bailey, K.D. (2006). Living systems theory and social entropy theory. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 23, 291-300.
Bertalanffy, L. (1951). General system theory - a new approach to unity of science. (Symposium), Human Biology, 23, 303-361. Dec 1951.
Bertalanffy, L. (1972). General system theory: Foundations, development, applications. London: Allen Lane.
From that vantage point it is clear that EP systems may not be able to provide the depth and breath of unification that is possible with more advanced approaches to using it systems.
Another drawback or con of using EP systems has the catalyst of creating a more unified socio-technical system is the fact that they are often implemented and measured on a department or functional basis first. Interpolating their performance to strategic initiatives has never been particularly easy; using them to unify a sociotechnical system could be daunting. Underscoring these aspects is the need for creating a more effective approach to change management so that equilibrium is attained in each subsystem of a socio-technical system (Manz, Stewart, 1997). Finally, EP systems are often extremely difficult to customize and upgrade over time, which has made many obsolete, delivering just 60% of the total value of information they are capable of.…...
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References
Amrit, C., & Van Hillegersberg, J. (2010). Exploring the impact of socio-technical core-periphery structures in open source software development. Journal of Information Technology, 25(2), 216-229
Appelbaum, S.H. (1997). Socio-technical systems theory: An intervention strategy for organizational development. Management Decision, 35(6), 452-463.
Bloomfield, B.P., & Vurdubakis, T. (1994). Re-presenting technology: IT consultancy reports as textual reality constructions. Sociology: The Journal of the British Sociological Association, 28(2), 455-455.
Carlsson, S.A., Henningsson, S., Hrastinski, S., & Keller, C. (2011). Socio-technical IS design science research: Developing design theory for IS integration management. Information Systems and eBusiness Management, 9(1), 109-131.
range theory nursing. If accepts premise grand theories nursing longer, implications nursing education, practice, research? Question 2: due 11/29/11 There controversy nursing direction development nursing knowledge .
There is an emphasis at present on the development and use of mid-range theory in nursing. If one accepts the premise that grand theories of nursing are no longer necessary, what are the implications for nursing education, practice, and research?
Nursing theories can be classified in many different ways, but one of the most common methods is to group them into grand and middle range theories. A grand theory "provides a conceptual framework under which the key concepts and principles of the discipline can be identified," while, in contrast, a "middle range theory is more precise and only analyzes a particular situation with a limited number of variables" (Nursing theories: An overview, 2011, Nursing Theories). Mid-range theories of nursing do not attempt to define…...
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References
Entry-to-practice competencies. (2011). College & Association of Registered Nurses of Alberta.
Nursing Concepts and Theory
Conceptual-Theoretical Structure paper
Personal belief about nursing theory and knowledge development process for nursing practice
All nursing theories play an important role in defining nursing and giving the roles that nurses need to play. Originally, the role of nurses was simply to carry out activities as instructed by doctors, however, over the years, this role has been changed to include more responsibilities as the nursing world has evolved. Nursing theories describe, predict and explain the various phenomena in nursing practice and thus create foundations for nursing practice. They also help to generate knowledge in the field of nursing and to point the direction which the field should develop in future. This view is supported by Carper (1978)
who states that nursing theories elaborate nursing practice and create professional boundaries for the profession. Nursing knowledge comes from research that has been conducted on nursing which forms scientific knowledge and experience gained…...
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References
Anderson, A.M. (2005). Nursing Leadership, Management, and Professional Practice for the LPN/LVN (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company.
Carper, B. (1978). Fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing. Advances in Nursing Science, 1(1), 13-23.
Clark, M.J. (2003). Community health nursing: Caring for populations (Fourth ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Dayer-Berenson, L. (2010). Cultural Competencies for Nurses: Impact on Health and Illness. Burlington, Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
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