They were required to subscribe to the religious views of the Church of England, and in very recent history at that time, faced torture, long-term imprisonment in dungeons, and death by various gruesome means for demanding religious autonomy. Furthermore, under British rule, citizens could have their homes invaded by troops at virtually any time and their possessions and papers seized and confiscated without cause or justification, merely on suspicion of wrongdoing. Citizens accused of criminal acts could be arrested and imprisoned without cause and coerced to confess, even falsely, simply to avoid the brutal consequences of continuing to argue their innocence of the stated charges.
Naturally, those experiences were fresh in the minds of the Colonists at the time that they envisioned an independent nation. In principle, they set out to create a new society that was devoid of what they believed were the worst intrusions and excesses of the British government...
Therefore, in addition to addressing the issues of free speech, free press, freedom of assembly, and freedom of religion, the Framers of the Constitution also made sure to include the Second Amendment allowing the citizens to possess weapons for self-defense, the Fourth Amendment prohibiting unwarranted search and seizure and arrest without warrant, the Fifth Amendment prohibiting forced confessions, the Sixth Amendment guaranteeing legal representation for the accused, and the Tenth Amendment recognizing the sovereign rights of the individual states with respect to the federal government.
Generally, all of those concerns emanated very directly from the experiences of the Colonists under British rule and reflected their specific intention to establish a nation that respected the very rights and freedoms whose suppression was largely responsible for their decision to escape British rule in the first place.
