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Blood Hormone Levels Are Regulated  Research Proposal

14. What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism? (p. 514) ANSWER:

Complex molecules are being created from the combination of simple substances during anabolism. In contrast, during catabolism, complex molecules are being split apart.

15. Where are triglycerides stored in the body? (p. 514) ANSWER:

Triglycerides are being stored in the body fat and in the liver.

16. In what ways can a person lose heat to or gain heat from the surroundings? How is it possible for a person to lose heat on a sunny beach when the temperature is 40?C (104?F) and the humidity is 85%? (p. 518) ANSWER:

About 60% of the energy released in catabolism in converted into heat. It is possible for a person to lose heat when the temperature is high if the respective person's body had not been supplied with enough external sources of energy for the cells to synthesize ATP.

Week 6

Chapter 14

17. Name several substances transported by blood. (p. 346) ANSWER:

Oxygen, carbon dioxides, and nutrients are all transported by blood.

18. How is blood protective? (p. 346) ANSWER:

Blood clots prevent blood from being lost in excess. Also, it contains white blood cells which protect the body against disease by carrying on phagocytosis and producing proteins fighting the disease.

19. What is erythropoiesis? How does erythropoiesis affect hematocrit? What factors speed up or slow down erythropoiesis? (p. 354) ANSWER:

The term erythropoiesis refers to the formation of red blood cells. Erythropoiesis can influence hematocrit by causing it to rise or to fall. The amount of oxygen that the blood can carry depends on the presence of red blood cells, and, if it decreases,...

What is hemostasis? (p. 357) ANSWER:
Hemostasis is the process which stops bleeding.

21. What is the basis for distinguishing the various blood groups? (p. 359) ANSWER:

Blood groups can be determined depending on presence or absence of various antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

Chapter 15

22. How do atria and ventricles differ in structure and function? (p. 370) ANSWER:

The atria are the upper chambers of the heart while the ventricles are the lower ones. The atria have the role of pumping deoxygenated blood into the ventricles in order for the ventricles to pump the blood further throughout the body.

23. Which blood vessels that enter and exit the heart carry oxygenated blood? Which carry deoxygenated blood? (p. 370) ANSWER:

The superior vena cava, the inferior vena cava, and the coronary sinus carry deoxygenated blood. Four pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood.

24. In correct sequence, which heart chambers, heart valves, and blood vessels would a drop of blood encounter from the time it flows out of the right atrium until it reaches the aorta? (p. 370) ANSWER:

A drop of blood goes through the following stages from the moment that it enters the heart and until it leaves: superior vena cava/inferior vena cava/coronary sinus-right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, right/left pulmonary artery, lungs, left atrium-pulmonary veins, left ventricle, aorta.

25. Describe the path of an action potential through the conduction system. (p. 373) ANSWER:

An action potential suddenly arises in the sinoatrial node and then moves throughout both atria via gap

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