Financial system serves as the economic backbone of the country. Financial markets provide capital to businesses, and home owners and a safe haven for income. The financial system includes a variety of financial institutions (different types of banks, for example) as well as the central bank, the stock market and other peripheral types of businesses like mutual funds. For individuals, the system provides a safe place for deposits, and access to capital for things like mortgages, college education or cars. For businesses, banks are a critical source of investment capital that is used for expansion. Thus, the financial system allows for our economy to grow, and for consumers to be able to afford to live better. For the economy, it is critical to have a robust financial system. When the financial system is weakened, as happened in 2008, the results for the economy can be devastating (Levine, 2010). This is one of the reasons why the Federal Reserve has instituted stress tests for financial institutions to maintain their integrity...

The Chairman of the Federal Reserve, currently Ben Bernanke, is the chief policy maker of the bank and its most influential person. However, there are twelve Federal Reserve banks within the Federal Reserve system, and each has a governor. The Board of the Federal Reserve is one of its key policy-making bodies, along with the open market committee.
The Federal Reserve is charged with monetary policy in the United States. It typically does this through three means- the discount rate, open market transactions and reserve requirements. The Fed has for the past several years been engaging in expansionary monetary policy, with very low interest rates, and using both conventional and unconventional monetary policy to attempt to spur economic growth. The size of the slump was severe, and Fed policy has done little for the…