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This example of convergence is highly similar to what occurred with the various lizard species discovered in New Mexico -- as environments change, organisms that already occupy a similar niche in their environment but that are taxonomically different often change in similar ways, developing the same adaptations to the environmental changes. In this way, the separate evolutionary branches of each of these organisms converges in a way that produces highly similar characteristics that are not closely related.
An extreme example of convergence is given by the case of the anteater, of which there are several varieties on different continents. But though these anteaters might all be called by the same common name, they are completely different taxonomically. They did not evolve from a common ancestor (at least, not one high up on any evolutionary branch), but...
It is somewhat astounding that despite the variety of life and the multitude of ways in which organisms might develop, there are so many similarities between so many different organisms. This is what makes convergent evolution one of the most astounding and compelling evolutionary mechanisms.
References
Fountain, H. (2010). "White Lizards Evolve in New Mexico Dunes." The New York Times. Accessed 9 January 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/05/science/05oblizard.html
Hall, B. & Hallgrimsson, B. (2007). Strickberger's Evolution. New York: Jones 7 Bartlett.
WGBH. (2010). "Convergent evolution." Accessed 9 January 2010. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/01/4/l_014_01.html
Evolution Is True What Is Evolution? This chapter highlights the six elements that make up evolution: 1) growth/evolution; 2) gradualism; 3) speciation; 4) shared origins; 5) natural selection; and 6) nonselective evolutionary change mechanisms (Coyne, 2009). Of these, the foremost is the evolution concept itself, which implies genetic modification of any given species with time. To elaborate, over a number of generations, species of animals may transform into a rather different
Bibliography Kious and Tilling, 1996, This Dynamic Earth: The Story of Plate Tectonics: USGS Special Interest Publication in: Ring of Fire, Plate Tectonics, Sea-floor Spreading, Subduction Zones, Hot Spots (nd) USGS/Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, Washington. Online available at: http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/PlateTectonics/description_plate_tectonics.html Mian, Z. (1993) Understanding Why the Earth is a Planet with Plate Tectonics. R.A.S. Quarterly Journal Vol.34 No.4 Dec 1993. Online available at Harvard at: http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1993QJRAS..34..441M/0000443.000.html Ring of Fire, Plate Tectonics, Sea-floor Spreading, Subduction
Dibble also suggested "scraper types might represent stages of core reduction sequence, with intensity of utilization as a major causal factor." In 1990, Rolland and Dibble agreed "that Middle Paleolithic assemblage variability is continuous in nature" and "that raw material variability and intensity of occupation are the principal factors underlying Middle Paleolithic assemblage variability." Dibble asked whether Bordes' typology reflected arbitrary temporal slices in a continuum of variability in 1991,
For any hospitality services business to attain the role of trusted advisor they must consistently keep these elements of the proposed Services Expectation Model synchronized with each other. The approaches companies take to create Cooperative Advantage of accomplishing improved organizational performance on the one hand and superior customer value on the other require the prerequisite of their being a tightly coupled integration between Validation and Reinforcement of Trust and Social
Dee: The Shape of Things, a play by Neil LaBute, (A) expands on the central themes of society's distortional emphasis on appearances, and art as a potentially limitless and human-sculpting instrument. Linearly structured in three acts, the plot closely follows the problematic evolution of a student couple from a Midwest university. Starting as a discrepant match, Evelyn and Adam develop an oddly unequal relationship, as the former increasingly impacts major changes
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