Ethics
According to the dictionary definition, ethics refer to the "set of principles of right conduct, or more specifically, "the rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or the members of a profession." Ethics and morals are closely related, but ethics is the term more commonly used in the professional realm, whereas morals generally refer to guidelines for personal behavior. Both ethics and morals are reflections of beliefs and values, which are held by individuals and collectively, by whole societies. The development of ethics therefore stems from social and cultural factors as well as from personal ones. However, a few ethical codes are nearly universal. Ethics are complex; in the business realm they may vary widely from sector to sector. No organization is completely immune to ethics, even if the organization has no formal ethical code. Professional decisions are made with regard to personal ethics or to the formal ethical codes of a company of organization. In some cases, a lack of ethics guides professional decision making. Business ethics are becoming increasingly important, especially as business becomes more global. Understanding and respecting different values, beliefs, morals, and ethics can be a boon for business. Ethics can and should reflect critical thinking because there are rarely cut-and-dry ethical solutions to complex problems that arise in the real world. More often than not, individuals and groups must make ethical decisions based on critical and creative thinking.
Business ethics can apply to internal operations as well as to the ways organizations conduct business. For example, sexual harassment codes are a reflection of a company's ethics. Ethics are often conflicting. For instance, say a manager values loyalty to the organization through vows of secrecy and also values ascription to environmental laws. If the manager discovers that his or her organization is dumping toxic waste, the manager must choose whether to practice loyalty to the company by keeping silent or...
The most extreme application of ethics is a strict right vs. wrong point-of-view. While this binary code of ethics rarely works, in some situations actions have clear ethical values for the individual. For instance, most would agree that it is unethical to steal money out of a coworker's purse. Laws against stealing derive from social ethics, and business laws also derive from social ethics. Breach of contract, for example, leads to costly litigation because it might represent unethical behavior.
Ethics and morals go hand in hand, but the term "morals" is more often used in the religious or spiritual realm or in the realm of interpersonal relationships. Ethics, on the other hand, is a more useful term to refer to the general standards of behavior that are practiced in a group, company, or entire society. Some ethics and morals change and evolve over time, while some remain constant. It will probably always be unethical to kill another human being at will, but it has not always been unethical for a man to beat his wife. Therefore, ethical standards should evolve over time, as societies become more aware of and sensitive to the needs of oppressed individuals. As a culture shifts its value system, its ethics will change. For instance, slavery is considered utterly unethical in 2005, but in 1805, many people in the United States freely owned slaves without any ethical qualms. The value system of the American people at the time was far different than it is today, and it is possible that one hundred years into the future, some of our current ethical codes will change again. The environment is one possible realm in which the ethics of the future might conflict with the ethics of today.
The development of personal ethics is a product of family upbringing, peer pressure, and cultural milieu. A child cannot escape these social pressures when adopting a moral or ethical code.…
