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However, by using peer-reviewed journals, there is a far greater likelihood that the information will have value.
References
Moolenaar, D.E., & G. (2009). Modelling criminal justice system costs by offence. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 15(4), 309-326. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10610-009-9110-2
Zalman, M. (2007). The search for criminal justice theory: Reflections on Kraska's theorizing criminal justice. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 18(1), 163-181,186. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/223393722?accountid=14872
ABSTRACT: This paper illustrates how to estimate criminal justice system costs by offence type. Criminal justice system costs are all the costs the authorities incur to prevent and investigate crime, prosecute criminals, impose sentences, and take care of victims and offenders. There are two approaches: the break-down and the bottom-up approaches. The break-down approach decomposes the aggregate budget into smaller pieces. The bottom-up approach multiplies known costs per activity by volumes for each activity and offence type. Both approaches can be combined with two types of estimates:...
An incidence-based estimate identifies all costs attributable to crimes committed or processed in a specified period regardless of whether these costs exceed this time period. A prevalence-based estimate identifies all costs incurred in a specified period regardless of when the crime was committed or processed. This paper looks at the differences between the two approaches and the two estimates and indicates which combination works best depending on the type of analysis and the availability of data. The methodologies are illustrated using examples from the Netherlands. These examples show that the availability of reliable data is crucial. The more assumptions have to be made, the less reliable the end results. Investing in better data in this area should be a first priority for governments interested in criminal policy evaluation. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Moolenaar, D.E., & G. (2009). Modelling criminal justice system costs by offence. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 15(4), 309-326. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10610-009-9110-2
Zalman, M. (2007). The search for criminal justice theory: Reflections on Kraska's theorizing criminal justice. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 18(1), 163-181,186. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/223393722?accountid=14872
ABSTRACT: This paper illustrates how to estimate criminal justice system costs by offence type. Criminal justice system costs are all the costs the authorities incur to prevent and investigate crime, prosecute criminals, impose sentences, and take care of victims and offenders. There are two approaches: the break-down and the bottom-up approaches. The break-down approach decomposes the aggregate budget into smaller pieces. The bottom-up approach multiplies known costs per activity by volumes for each activity and offence type. Both approaches can be combined with two types of estimates: incidence-based and prevalence-based estimates. An incidence-based estimate identifies all costs attributable to crimes committed or processed in a specified period regardless of whether these costs exceed this time period. A prevalence-based estimate identifies all costs incurred in a specified period regardless of when the crime was committed or processed. This paper looks at the differences between the two approaches and the two estimates and indicates which combination works best depending on the type of analysis and the availability of data. The methodologies are illustrated using examples from the Netherlands. These examples show that the availability of reliable data is crucial. The more assumptions have to be made, the less reliable the end results. Investing in better data in this area should be a first priority for governments interested in criminal policy evaluation. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
As emotionally intelligent employees are reportedly more content, conscientious and committed in the workplace, businesses and organizations are repeatedly advised to recruit and retain these individuals. Abraham (2006), nevertheless, reports that the strongest findings emerging from her study was.".. The effect of job control on emotional intelligence." She contends that emotionally intelligent employees will not just naturally thrive in their workplace; that the work environment needs to provide independence in
Unfortunately, the above-cited paragraph on computer science does not achieve these standards. First and foremost, although directed to a general audience, it blatantly assumes that the reader agrees with the author when it states that computers have changed the world in a self-evident fashion. Even if the reader is an enthusiastic consumer of technology, the question arises of what evidence there is of a real change in terms of society,
Graduate Certificate Nursing Education Learning of Anorexia Nervosa & Handling Its Patients Final Learning Report DESCRIPTION OF OBJECTIVES & THEIR STATUS Drafting a learning contract and adhering to it along with constant support from my supervisor, was an effective activity which constituted of four weeks. every objective had a milestone plan and necessary measures which were required to be taken for achieving them. Self-expectation after reaching these goals was also documented in order to
Public/high School Graduate Audience) And 5 Annotated Professional, Peer-Reviewed Sources (aimed at a Professional/academic/college Student/graduate Student Audience) Annotated Professional, Peer-reviewed Sources (aimed At A Professional/academic/college Student/graduate Student Audience) Journal of Attachment & Human Development (http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/14616734.asp) Routledge. 6 issues a year. Is child-development oriented. Focuses on child attachment theory and research. Provides empirical perspective with cutting edge studies, reviews, and clinical case observations. Crosses over the fields of psychiatry, psychology, nursing, social work
Manage Postgraduate Study Before going on the discussion for managing the postgraduate study program it's important to understand what the postgraduate is. After the Bachelor's degree, the Master's or doctoral degree, or a postgraduate diploma or certificate taken up for higher studies are part of postgraduate program. The level of difficulty of the postgraduate study program depends upon the subject or research work taken and the kind of exposure possessed
Methods for evaluating and monitoring the effectiveness of peer-assisted learning programs are discussed as well, followed by a summary of the literature review. Background and Overview. The growing body of scholarly evidence concerning peer tutoring has been consistent in emphasizing the powerful effects that children can exert on the academic and interpersonal development of their classmates and/or other students (Ehly & Topping, 1998). For example, Bloom (1984) reported early on that