Yet, younger populations are not immune to cardiogenic shock in the event of other chronic cardiac diseses are present.
Today, there are several current management trends in the field. Properly managing cardiac failures during critical times can mean the difference. It is important to manage the situation as fast as possible, for the longer the patient stays in a state of cardiogenic shock, the higher the risk of mortality (Gottfried & Sloan 2002). One of the most used management strategies is a Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABG). Yet even within this case context, mortality rates can range between 10 and 40%. However, effectively implementing the surgery can mean the difference between life and death. According to research, "These results are generally better than those associated with PCI," (O'Rourke et al. 2001:313). Emergency CABG surgeries are also more prominent in specific cases of cardiogenic shock. For instance, "AMI Patients with multivessel coronary artery disease or cardiogenic shock who have had unsuccessful thrombolysis and/or PTCA and are within 4 to 6 h of the onset of symptoms should be considered for emergency CABG," (O'Rourke et al. 2001:313). Since 1976, Thoretec VAD has been used to support patients with cardiogenic shock," (Willanksy & Willerson 2002:305). Inaarortic balloon pumping has also been used in cases of cardiogenic shock for decades within the modern medical practice context (Kantrowitze et al. 1968).
Surviving cardiogenic shock can prove an uphill battle. Research suggests that "Survival depends largely on the initial recorded rhythm," (O'Rourke et al. 2001:187). Some estimates show an overall mortality rate of thirty percent for those in cardiogenic shock (Waldstien & Elias 2001). Cardiogenic shock is like many other serious cardiac problems. survival rates depend on the duration of time directly...
It has been used as an independent predictor of mortality within the context of research focusing on cardiac diseases (Austin & Tu 2004). Additional major signs of increased risk of mortality include age and systolic blood pressure (Austin & Tu 2004). Patients in cardiogenic shock are at increased mortality risks (Sallis & Massimino 1997). Up to sixty peercent of patients actually survive the initial onset of cardiogenic shock, but only roughly one fourth of patients actually survive long enough to be discharged from the hospital (O'Rourke 2001:187). Many patients do not make it out of the hospital (Waltz et al. 2005).
References
Austin, Peter C. & Tu, Jack V. (2004). Bootsrap methods fore developing predictive models. The American Statistician. 58(2):131-138.
O'Rourke, Robert a.; Fuster, Valentin; Alexander, Wayne R.; Roberts, Robert; King, Spencer B.; & Hein, B. King III. (2001). Hurst's the Heart: Manual of Cardiology. New York: McGraw Hill.
Gottfried, Joseph & Sloan, Frank a. (2002). The quality of managed care: evidence from the medical literature. Law and Contemporary Problems. 65(4):103-117.
Jenicek, Milos. (2002). Foundations of Evidence-Based Medicine. New York:Parthenon Publishing.
Kantrowitze, a; Tjonneland, S.; & Freed, PS. (1968). Initial clinical experience with intraaortic balloon pumping in cardiogenic shock. Journal of American Medical Association. 203(2):113.
Waldstein, Shari R. & Elias, Merrill. (2001). Neuropsychology of Cardiovascular Disease. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Waltz, Carolyn Feher; Strickland, Ora Lea; & Lenz, Elizabeth R. (2005). Measurement in Nursing and Health Reseearch. New York:Springer.
Sallis, Robert E. & Massimino, Ferdy. (1997). Essentials of…
