Insurance Markets and Risk Transfer

PRISMA Checklist

Section and Topic

Item #

Checklist item

Information included

Location where item is reported

TITLE

Title

Identify the report as a systematic review.

Yes

p.1

ABSTRACT

Abstract

See the PRISMA 2020 for Abstracts checklist.

Yes

Table 1

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

Describe the rationale for the review in the context of existing knowledge.

Yes

p.2

Objectives

Provide an explicit statement of the objective(s) or question(s) the review addresses.

Yes

p.2

METHODS

Eligibility criteria

Specify the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the review and how studies were grouped for the syntheses.

Yes

p.2

Information sources

Specify all databases, registers, websites, organisations, reference lists and other sources searched or consulted to identify studies. Specify the date when each source was last searched or consulted.

Yes

p.2

Search strategy

Present the full search strategies for all databases, registers and websites, including any filters and limits used.

Yes

p.2

Selection process

Specify the methods used to decide whether a study met the inclusion criteria of the review, including how many reviewers screened each record and each report retrieved, whether they worked independently, and if applicable, details of automation tools used in the process.

Yes

Figure 1

Data collection process

Specify the methods used to collect data from reports, including how many reviewers collected data from each report, whether they worked independently, any processes for obtaining or confirming data from study investigators, and if applicable, details of automation tools used in the process.

Yes

p.2

Data items

10a

List and define all outcomes for which data were sought. Specify whether all results that were compatible with each outcome domain in each study were sought (e.g. for all measures, time points, analyses), and if not, the methods used to decide which results to collect.

Yes

Table 1

10b

List and define all other variables for which data were sought (e.g. participant and intervention characteristics, funding sources). Describe any assumptions made about any missing or unclear information.

n/a

Study risk of bias assessment

Specify the methods used to assess risk of bias in the included studies, including details of the tool(s) used, how many reviewers assessed each study and whether they worked independently, and if applicable, details of automation tools used in the process.

n/a

Effect measures

Specify for each outcome the effect measure(s) (e.g. risk ratio, mean difference) used in the synthesis or presentation of results.

n/a

Synthesis methods

13a

Describe the processes used to decide which studies were eligible for each synthesis (e.g. tabulating the study intervention characteristics and comparing against the planned groups for each synthesis (item #5)).

Yes

p.2

13b

Describe any methods required to prepare the data for presentation or synthesis, such as handling of missing summary statistics, or data conversions.

n/a

13c

Describe any methods used to tabulate or visually display results of individual studies and syntheses.

Yes

p.2

13d

Describe any methods used to synthesize results and provide a rationale for the choice(s). If meta-analysis was performed, describe the model(s), method(s) to identify the presence and extent of statistical heterogeneity, and software package(s) used.

Yes

p.2

13e

Describe any methods used to explore possible causes of heterogeneity among study results (e.g. subgroup analysis, meta-regression).

n/a

13f

Describe any sensitivity analyses conducted to assess robustness of the synthesized results.

n/a

Reporting bias assessment

Describe any methods used to assess risk of bias due to missing results in a synthesis (arising from reporting biases).

n/a

Certainty assessment

Describe any methods used to assess certainty (or confidence) in the body of evidence for an outcome.

No

RESULTS

Study selection

16a

Describe the results of the search and selection process, from the number of records identified in the search to the number of studies included in the review, ideally using a flow diagram.

Yes

Figure 1

16b

Cite studies that might appear to meet the inclusion criteria, but which were excluded, and explain why they were excluded.

Yes

Figure 1

Study characteristics

Cite each included study and present its characteristics.

Yes

Table 1

Risk of bias in studies

Present assessments of risk of bias for each included study.

No

Results of individual studies

For all outcomes, present, for each study: (a) summary statistics for each group (where appropriate) and (b) an effect estimate and its precision (e.g. confidence/credible interval), ideally using structured tables or plots.

n/a

Results of syntheses

20a

For each synthesis, briefly summarise the characteristics and risk of bias among contributing studies.

No

20b

Present results of all statistical syntheses conducted. If meta-analysis was done, present for each the summary estimate and its precision (e.g. confidence/credible interval) and measures of statistical heterogeneity. If comparing groups, describe the direction of the effect.

No

20c

Present results of all investigations of possible causes of heterogeneity among study results.

Yes

Table 1

20d

Present results of all sensitivity analyses conducted to assess the robustness of the synthesized results.

No

Reporting biases

Present assessments of risk of bias due to missing results (arising from reporting biases) for each synthesis assessed.