On July 20, 1969, astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin stepped onto the moon. The American success gave the "entire free world a huge and badly needed boost." President Kennedy used the space race to boost the idea of the "free world" over Communism, commenting that we would govern space "by a banner of freedom and peace." Space technology was not the only form of competition taking place in the 20th century.

Surrounded by the same anti-African-American culture, both civil rights warriors and jazz pioneers faced criticism because of their association with African-Americans. Similarly, both of the movements were founded out of a desire to legitimate, or at least include, African-American contributions into American culture, to popularize the importance of African-Americans in Western, especially American, society. Finally, after their pre and early stages, both the civil rights and jazz movements blossomed

It is likely that because of Jazz innovators, the fusion of musical styles has grown to the level it has. It is also likely that the desire of Jazz to encourage the rethinking of harmony and melody away from a simple chord progression to a haunting, rather primal emotional experience will have an influence on musicians for decades to come. Certainly, this has been seen in recent years with the

Most large cities have a symphony orchestra, which may perform a dozen times during a season. Jazz and the blues, however, are usually available most of the time in small venues like bars and clubs, and often during the year at large festivals, such as the Monterey Jazz Festival in Monterey, California. Jazz is gaining in popularity on the radio too, and most larger cities have at least one

Article Review of "Jazz Musicians in Europe- 1919 to 1945" African American jazz musicians have made their strong place in the music world and were greatly revered for their style. The author of the selected article explores these very jazz musicians' influence on world culture and politics from World War 1 until World War 2. The author argues that jazz had been bringing in the cultures of Europe, America, and Germany

On stage or off, he was "endearing, carefree ambiance that contrasted greatly with the bravura exhibitions of technique from earlier decades" (69). By the 1950s, everyone knew who Louis Armstrong was and it is safe to say he was an international celebrity. He was more than just a jazz great -- he was an "icon to musicians and lovers of jazz" (Smithsonian) because of his style and incredible individuality.