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Justice in Society
What does justice in society really mean?
"It's not fair." One of the first phrases every child articulates clearly relates to a kind of a rough philosophy of justice. This sentiment reflects the idea that because people are not being treated 'the same' the world is unjust. A child may regard the fact that older siblings get to go to bed later as unfair. However, as rough and crude as a child's logic of justice may seem, underlying its assumptions are some of the concepts that relate to a larger sense of justice, namely the issue of equitable treatment. For a society to be just, there must be efforts to create social and economic parity to ensure that the nation's political and judicial systems truly honor such principles of equity.
One concept of equalizing to create justice is that of "John Rawls' alternative distributive principle, which he calls the Difference Principle...[it] allows allocation that does not conform to strict equality so long as the inequality has the effect that the least advantaged in society are materially better off than they would be under strict equality" (Lamont & Favor 2008). For example, income taxes are progressive in the sense that the very poorest members of society who presumably benefit the least from the system are taxed the least, while...
Progressives note that wealthy individuals and corporations frequently pay very little in taxes, because of their ability to hire accountants that enable them to take advantage of loopholes and tax credits which benefit the wealthy. "Apple may pay some corporate income taxes on that profit to the country where it sells the iPad, but it minimizes these by using various accounting moves to shift profits to countries with low tax rates" (Svensson 2012). Extreme conservatives tend to regard taxation as suspicious in general, and believe that the federal government should only tax enough to protect the populace with police and armies and view other forms of extricating wealth from the public as tantamount to theft.
Although the current tax system is hardly perfectly Rawlsian, it at least passes the standard of making things 'more just' versus a society with a tax system that is not progressive at all. Clearly, the very poor are better off in a system in which the rich must 'pay back' some taxes to create social welfare programs, versus a world in which a flat tax is imposed upon all residents of a nation and there are…
References
Lamont, Julian and Favor, Christi. (2008). Distributive justice. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved:
http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2008/entries/justice-distributive/
Stiglitz, Jonah. (2011). Of the1%, by the 1%., for the 1%. Vanity Fair. Retrieved:
http://www.vanityfair.com/society/features/2011/05/top-one-percent-201105
http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2010/entries/justice-virtue/
http://www.calgaryherald.com/business/Apples+hidden+profits+billions+tucked+away+taxes+never/6976831/story.html#ixzz22t5Wb0FW
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